What is science? Science is a way to learn about the natural world

What is science?Science is a way to learn about the natural world

What do scientists do?Scientists observe, investigate and try to

solve problems

In their work, scientists use a scientific method

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Steps of scientific method1. State the problem

2. Gather information

3. Form a hypothesis

4. Test the hypothesis (conduct experiment)

5. Analyze data

6. Draw conclusions

Hypothesis not

supported Hypothesis

supported

Modify hypothesis

Repeat several times

• What is a hypothesis? A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a problem using what you know and what you observe

One way of testing a hypothesis is to perform an experiment

• What is an experiment? An experiment tests the effect of one thing on another using controlled conditions

Elements of scientific experimentation

• An experiment contains the following elements: variables, constants and controls.

What is a variable? A variable is a quantity that can have more than a single value.

An experiment usually contains at least two variables: dependent variable and independent variable


Dependent variable: (the variable its value changes according to the

changes in the other variables)

Independent variable: (The variable you change to see how it will affect the dependent variable)


Example: In the experiment of measuring the influence of different quantities of fertilizer on plant growth: 1- What are the two variables in the experiment? 2- Which is the dependent variable? 3- Which is the independent variable?

Solution: 1- The two variables are: quantity of fertilizer and plant growth. 2- The dependent variable is plant growth. 3- The independent variable is quantity of fertilizer.


• What is a constant? A constant is a factor that does not change when other variables change.

• What is a control? A control is the standard by which the test results can be compared


Example: In the experiment of measuring the effect of quantity

of fertilizer on plant growth: 1- What other variables should be constants. 2- what could be a control of the experiment. Solution: 1- Amount of water, Amount of light, kind of soil, plant type and room temperature. 2- A plant with no fertilizer added to it

Using models in science• What is a model in science? (A model is a representation of an idea, event or object to help people understand it better)

Models help us to see very large or very small things and how they work.

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Scientific Theories and Laws• What is a scientific theory? A scientific theory is an explanation of things or

events based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations.

- A theory is a result of a hypothesis which is supported by many investigations - A theory could be changed with time

Scientific Theories and Laws

• What is a scientific law? A scientific law is a statement about what happens in nature and that seems to be true all the time.

- A scientific law does not explain why or how something happens.

- Scientific laws are repeated patterns in nature. Theories attempt to explain how and why these patterns develop.

Science and Technology• Science and technology are not the same

• What is technology? Technology is the application of science to help

people.

Remember: Science is a way to learn about natural world.

Examples of technology includes: computers, mobile phones, cars, planes, microscopes,

…….

Homework in the Notebook Write the meaning of each of the following1- Science. 2- Hypothesis. 3- Experiment. 4- Variable. 5- Dependent variable. 6- Independent variable. 7- Constant. 8- Control. 9- Model.10- Scientific theory.11- Scientific law.12- Technology.

Quiz 2Thursday 06/10/2011

Chapter1 – Section 2Standards of measurement

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What is science? Science is a way to learn about the natural world