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What to Expect from your Mentor
Elaine M. Hylek, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Boston University
Mentor
»First described by Homer as a “wise and trusted counselor”
»Someone who takes a special interest in helping another person develop into a successful professional
A real-life example of the ultimate mentor
• He was fond of making bold pronouncements that one day he would outdo Buddha, Gandhi and Mandela in world influence.
• He recognized the potential.
• He developed techniques to sharpen his focus.
• He was the role model, career architect, cheerleader and first coach.
• He became his chief promoter.
The Ultimate Mentor
“He was instrumental in helping me develop the drive to achieve, but his role was one of support and guidance, not interference.”
Tiger Woods speaking of his father, Earl D. Woods
Advisor-shares career experience and knowledge
Supporter-provides emotional and moral encouragement
Tutor-gives specific feedback on performance
Sponsor-seeks opportunities
Model-exemplifies the kind of person one should
be to be an academic
Mentor’s Multiple Roles
Morris Zelditch
An effective mentoring relationship is characterized by
mutual trust, understanding, and empathy.
Advisor-shares career experience and knowledge
Time management-ensures protected time
Develop research ideas
Scholarly activities
Outlines trade-offs
Job search
Mentor’s Multiple Roles
Tangible Examples:
Supporter-provides encouragement
Your papers will be rejected.
Your grants will be rejected.
Mentors provide the broader context that facilitates an objective evaluation of your “successes” and “failures”
Mentor’s Multiple Roles
Tangible Examples:
Tutor-gives specific feedback on performance
Manuscripts
Grants
Abstracts
Oral presentations
Mentor’s Multiple Roles
Tangible Examples:
Sponsor-seeks opportunities
Funding sources
Networking
Job contacts
Circle of influence
Why would any of this matter????
Mentor’s Multiple Roles
Tangible Examples:
Creates Opportunities
What objective criteria affirm that your
work/contribution has made a difference??
Goal: to advance the educational and personal growth of the student
Your mentor’s primary responsibility is to you–Your education–Your professional development–Your recognition–Your career
“In the end, they establish an environment in which
the student’s accomplishment is limited only by the extent
of his or her talent.”
Why be a mentor?• Achieve professional and personal satisfaction
• Attract good students-Produce better research, papers, and grant proposals
• Keep current-Stay on top of your field
• Enhance productivity-New ideas, new directions
• Develop professional network
Qualities of a Good Mentor
• Listens• Accessible• Constructive feedback• Encourages confidence and independent thinking• Role model • Builds network• Encourages multiple mentors• Avoids dictating choices or controlling behavior
National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Engineering
Institute of Medicine
National Academy Press, 1997
Carol B. Muller, Ph.D., Founder, MentorNet
Ex: Chemical engineer at Dow Chemical Company
mentor for engineering student at Carnegie Mellon University
Phases of Training in Scientific Investigation
Early: Mentors may suggest projects-scientifically
innovative, challenging, and feasible. Mentors
should monitor work closely.
Transition: Increasingly independent role in identifying
research questions, formulating hypotheses, designing
and conducting experiments, and presenting results.
A good mentor knows when to step back and
allow more independence.
The Good Mentor Checklist• Ensures that you get academic credit for your
intellectual contribution
• Nominates you for every conceivable award
• Ensures that your evaluators are cognizant of your terrific work
• Facilitates introductions and networking to launch your academic career
Potential Conflicts
• Intellectual property
• Authorship credit
• Who gets to present at the big meeting?
• Your ultimate goal of independence
Recognize Negative Mentoring
• Ambivalent, inattentive• Inaccessible• Insecure• Lack of mentoring skills• Lacks intellectual generosity-perhaps the
most difficult……it is challenging to “let go”.
• SEEK HELP ELSEWHERE
Two-Way Street
• What is your role in facilitating this relationship?
• What can you do to help ensure your relationship with your mentor>>>>>colleague endures?
Tips Be explicit early on about your expectations and goals
Do not be passive when it comes to YOUR career
Know the criteria for promotion
Do your homework…….Be prepared…….
Go the extra mile……..
Barriers to being a
good mentor
1. TIME, TIME, TIME
2. Content area
3. Intellectual generosity
GROWING PAINS
Moving toward
INDEPENDENCE
• Epstein delivered, too. He felt his successes should have earned him more money, more independence, more respect. Somewhere along the line, Lucchino began wondering whether the kid really appreciated all the opportunities Lucchino had afforded him.
• It gets complicated when you mold someone into something greater than yourself. When a guy starts out fetching your coffee and paper for you, maybe it’s impossible to ever view him as your equal, or, even more horrifying, someone who has surpassed you in stature and reputation. Human nature being what it is, maybe this split was inevitable.
Jackie MacMullan, Boston Globe 11/2/2005
Drs. J. Robin Warren and Barry Marshall
The H. Pylori Story
As a pathologist, Dr. Warren found that in over 50% of the patients studied, small curved bacteria had colonized the lower part of the stomach (antrum). More significantly, he made the crucial observation that there was inflammation in the gastric mucosa around the bacterial site.
Although Dr. Warren noticed the first evidence of the organism, Dr. Barry Marshall provided the "acid test" - in fact, literally - by actually swallowing a bacterial potion in water and developing the symptoms, after which he was duly cured by a dose of antibiotics.
EUREKA!!
•The prevalent scientific wisdom suggested that a bacterial colony could not survive in the highly acidic gastric environment.
•Together Warren and Marshall undertook a study of biopsies from 100 patients.
•After some perseverance, Marshall was able to cultivate this hitherto unknown bacterial species
(originally called Campylobacter pylori) from several of
these biopsies.
Drs. J. Robin Warren and Barry Marshall celebrate after learning that they have received the
2005 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Why is a Mentor not important?
• At the end of the day, it is ALL ABOUT YOU.
• There are many kinds of “mentoring”– Peer mentoring– Dual mentoring ( mentor for content, mentor
for methods)– Self mentoring– Mentoring you ‘absorb’ from the culture
Advisor
Supporter
Tutor
Sponsor
Role Model
Mentor Checklist
FINAL THOUGHTS
• PRODUCTIVITY
• CREATIVITY
• PERSEVERANCE
• INTELLECTUAL GENEROSITY
and remember………………
• IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE FUN!!!