What we need to know about Carbohydrates and Proteins Energy- have you got it? What are their major functions? Carbohydrates are the bodys and brains main source for energy. Humans store carbohydrates as glycogen--our main source of energy for thinking and light activity. Carbos (or C 6 H 12 O 6 ) There are two major types of Carbohydrates Are combined simple sugars and take longer to burn Simple Carbos are usually pretty sweet and burn very quick! Nutrient Density of Simple Carbohydrates Empty Calories are calories without nutrition! Nutrient Dense Calories have a lot of bang for the buck 2 Types of Complex Carbohydrates Refined vs. Whole Grain Refined Grains have had all of the fiber taken out! Whole Grains have retained all of their natural fiber! A 3 rd Carbohydrate.. Fiber is a carbohydrate from plants that goes mostly undigested. Instead, it works like a sticky pipe cleaner for our system, cleaning out our digestive tract. Fiber helps digestion and helps prevent constipation. Too many Carbos leads to: Empty Calories! Empty calories ruin our appetite for other, healthier foods. Weight gain! Carbohydrates that go unused and are not stored as glycogen are stored as FAT! Increased risk of diabetes. Myth: Sugar cause hyperactivity! Truth: Caffeine is a culprit, and sugar has been proven innocent! Not enough (complex) carbos may lead to: Fatigue and energy loss. Cancer and heart disease A diet with healthy amounts of fruits, veggies, and whole grains will lessen the risk for these diseases. Healthy advice for Carbos 60% of caloric intake should come from carbs. Try to limit simple sugars (soda pop, candy, sugar, syrups, etc.) Make sure to eat fruits and veggies (fiber)! Try to replace refined grains with whole grains. Carbo Quiz 1. Carbs are stored in the body as_________. 2. There are 2 types of carbs simple & ________. 3. Fiber helps with _________________. 4. Empty calorie can ruin your _______________. 5. ____% of caloric intake should come from carbs. Glycogen Complex Digestion Appetite 60 Proteins At first glance, what can you see on the human body that is made of protein? Protein- is the structure for every cell in the body! Protein is an energy bearing nutrient made up of amino acids Your muscles, your organs, andmuscles your immune system are madeimmune system up mostly of protein. There are twenty (20) standard Amino acids, more than half of which our body cannot make. Cysteine (Cys) Extra Credit anyone?? List all 20 and bring them in Tomorrow for 5 pts. 2 types of Proteins.. Complete proteins (mostly animal products) contain all of the amino acids that our body cannot generate. Incomplete proteins (Grains, nuts, legumes, etc.) contain some of the amino acids that our body cannot generate, and must be eaten in combination with other proteins. Too much protein leads to Heart disease and cancer- High protein diets tend to be high in fat. Obesity- Unused proteins are also stored as fat. Not enough protein may lead to Deficiency- stunted development Lack of energy Frequent infections and or hormonal imbalance Healthy advice for Proteins 10% of your caloric intake Increase the amount of: lean meats incomplete proteins, and decrease the amount of fatty meats in your diet. Protein quiz. 1. ____________, organs and Immune system are made up of protein. 2. There are _______ Amino Acids. 3. Unused proteins are stored as __________. 4. High protein diets tend to be high in ______. 5. Complete proteins are mostly made up of_____________. Muscle 20 Fat Animal products