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WHAT’S IN A NAME?
From off-farm to non-farm: Weeding through alternative
livelihoods definitions
WHAT’S IN A NAME?March 7, 2019
Facilitator:
• Andrea Mottram, SCALE Director, Mercy Corps
Presenters:
• Adam Reinhart, USAID Office of Food for Peace
• Tara Noronha, SCALE Alternative Livelihoods Strategy Lead
• Malini Tolat, Regional Advisor, Save the Children
SESSION OVERVIEW
• SCALE Introduction and Overview
• Common Alternative Livelihoods Definitions
• Program Implications
• Q & A
• SCALE Alternative Livelihoods Strategy
Strengthening Capacity in Agriculture, Livelihoods and Environment (SCALE) works to strengthen the impact, sustainability, and scalability of FFP-funded agriculture, natural resource management, and off-farm livelihood activities in both emergency and development contexts to ensure that communities and families are fully benefiting from the initiatives.
SCALE
POLL QUESTIONS
POLL 1
POLL 2
POLL 3
Defining Alternative Livelihoods
• Why are definitions important?
• Where do the lines get blurry?
• Does it really matter?
Agricultural Market Systems
Agricultural Market System: The dynamic interaction between people, relationships, functions, and rules that
determine how agricultural goods are produced, accessed, exchanged, and consumed.
On-Farm: Farming and agricultural production, including casual and seasonal labor. From the value chain lens, on-farm work occurs at the “beginning” of the value chain.
Off-Farm: Agriculture-related income beyond the farm, including the the “middle” and “end” of the value chain as agricultural goods leave the farm to ultimately reach the consumer.
Alternative Livelihoods
Alternative Livelihoods:1) Pursuing multiple, diversified income streams; 2) Moving from
cultivating illicit or harmful crops to legal sources of income; 3) Replacing agriculture-based income with other sources.
Off-Farm: Agriculture-related income beyond the farm, including the “middle” and “end” of the value chain as agricultural goods leave the farm to ultimately reach the consumer.
Non-Farm: Non-farm income exists outside of agricultural market systems. Some refer to non-farm as non climate-dependent income.
Portfolios of Work / Mixed Livelihoods
Off-Farm
But Always Remember
While eliminating ambiguity around
alternative livelihoods terms is
useful, the absolute categorization
of these activities is not wholly
critical, as long as the interventions,
strategies, principles, and outcomes
are sound.
Program Implications
Why Go There?
Preferences
Aptitude
Knowledge/Skills
HUMAN
FACTORS
STRUCTURAL
FACTORS
Land Access
Markets
Urbanization
Migration
Risk
Low Value
Seasonality
ECONOMIC
FACTORS
Migration
Framework for Non-Agriculture-based Livelihoods
Financial/
Business Capability
Life Skills for
Work-force
Success
Functional Literacy & Numeracy
Linkages with
employers and
markets
Vocational / skills
Training
Follow-up Support & Tracking
Differences in Programming
• Individual targeting/HH level layering
• Value chain analysis for ancillary services and labor market assessments
• Soft and hard skills (counselling, mentoring)
• Highly diversified options –(business planning, market assessments, access to finance)
• Urban – rural linkages (location of analysis/placement)
Examples from Save the Children - work in progress
Indonesia – Youth in Cocoa supply chain
• Foundational skills for youth
• Integrating agriculture curriculum into vocational school system
• Training youth for opportunities within Cacao Supply Chain (nurseries, pruning)
Nepal – Youth, women, ultra poor HH’s
• Financial literacy, life skills entrepreneurship skills
• Off-farm options (VAHW’s, value addition, agro-dealers)
• Certified skills (construction, electricians TBD)
• Safe/productive migration and productive investment of remittances
Questions?
Alternative Livelihoods Strategy
• Phase 1: Oct - Dec 2018
Background Scan, Glossary, Internal Work Plan
• Phase 2: Jan - Dec 2019
Implementer Survey, Technical Deep Dive, Training of Trainers, Case Study
• Phase 3: Jan 2020 - Nov 2022
MERL and Indicator Deep Dive, Case Study
SCALE STRATEGY
This presentation is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the SCALE Award and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
Questions?
Andrea Mottram [email protected]
Tara Noronha [email protected]
Malini Tolat [email protected]
For more info: www.fsnnetwork.org/scale