WHII.10: World War I

Objectives p. 091WHII.10 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War I by

a) explaining economic causes, political causes, and major events and identifying major leaders of the war, with emphasis on Woodrow Wilson and Kaiser Wilhelm II;

b) explaining the outcomes and global effect of the war and the Treaty of Versailles;

c) citing causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution.

Essential Understandings p. 09210a&b World War I (1914-1918) was caused by competition among industrial nations in Europe and a

failure of diplomacy. The war transformed European and American life, wrecked the economies of Europe, and planted the seeds for a second world war.

10c Tsarist Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy with sharp class divisions between the nobility and the peasants. The grievances of workers and peasants were not resolved by the Tsar.

Inadequate administration in World War I led to revolution and an unsuccessful provisional government. A second revolution by the Bolsheviks created the communist state that ultimately became the U.S.S.R.

Essential Questions p. 09210a What were the factors that produced World War I?

10a What were the major events of the war?

10a Who were the major leaders?

10b What were the outcomes and global effects of World War I?

10b What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

10c Why did Russia erupt in revolution while fighting in World War I?

10c How did communism rise in Russia?

Why do I need to know this? p. 092

1.Ethnic conflict in the Balkan region, which helped start the war, continued to erupt in that area in the 1990s.

2.Much of the technology of modern warfare, such as fighter planes and tanks, was introduced in World War I.

3.The war propelled the United States to a new position of international power, which it retains today.

4.Hard feelings left by the peace settlement helped cause World War II.

Leading Up to World War I

p. 093

Causes of World War I Activity

MAIN Causes of WWI p. 093

1. Militarism - countries began comparing their military and glorifying military power• Standing armies – prepared for war• Arms race

MAIN Causes of WWI p. 0932. Alliances -- treaty to protect each other in the advent of future war

• Franco-Prussian war caused mistrust between Germany and Francecausing Germany to begin creating alliances

Alliances of World War I (1914):1) Triple Alliance/Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

and

Ottoman Empire2) Triple Entente/ Allies – Britain, France and Russia

MAIN Causes of WWI p. 093

3. Imperialism – each of the European nations were competing for colonies

MAIN Causes of WWI p. 093

4. Nationalisma. France wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from Germanyb. Austria-Hungary – controlled Bosnia-Herzegovina which is mostly Slavic

Slavic people were supported by nearby Serbia, who was supported by Russia

Austria-Hungary

MAIN Causes of WWI p. 093

5. Diplomatic Failures --- countries not willing to talk peace

MAIN Causes of WWI

Militarism

AllIances

ImperIalIsm

NatIonalIsm

Central and Allied Powers

Nationalism

The Spark p. 0931. Archduke Francis Ferdinand – heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne2. June 28, 1914 – while riding through the streets of Sarajevo, he and his wife were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip of the Black Hand 3. July 28, 1914 – Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

Archduke Francis Ferdinand Gavrilo Prinicp

Assassination of Ferdinand

Central and Allied Powers

Central and Allied Powers

The War

p. 095

Map of events

The Schlieffen Plan p. 095

1. German plan that was designed to avoid the possibility of fighting France and Russia at the same time

2. the Germans considered Russia to be the biggest threat

3. the plan called for the Germans to attach France and defeat it within a month, before the Russians could mobilize

Schlieffen Plan

• Turn to page 368 and answer the Geography Skill Builder in your notes.

In the Trench

Trench Diagram #1

Trench Diagram #2

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Cheshire_Regiment_trench_Somme_1916.jpg

Trench – No Man’s Land

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7d7B4cBt_Qg&feature=related

• All Quiet on the Western Front video clip

• Reading: All quiet on the western front.

Eastern and Western Fronts

Submarine

Submarine Patrol Area

Battle of Verdun p. 0951. Feb. to Dec. 1916 (longest battle of WWI)

2. A massive assault by the Germans in northeast France

3. only 150 miles from Paris

4. ended as a stalemate between the French and Germans

The United States p. 095

1. The Lusitania – British passenger liner sunk in May 1915 by Germany (128 Americans died)

a. President Wilson warns Germany to stop unrestricted submarine (U boat) warfare

b. U.S. had stronger economic and cultural ties to Great Britain

2. The Zimmerman Telegram – if Mexico would attack the US, Germany would support them in regaining the land they had lost to the U.S.

Submarine Patrol Area

The Lusitania

Zimmerman Telegram

Zimmerman Telegram

U.S. Enters War (1917)

Triple Alliance/Central Powers1. Germany

Leader = Kaiser Wilhelm II

2. Austria-Hungary3. Ottoman Empire

Triple Entente/ Allied Powers1. France2. Great Britain3. United States

Leader = Woodrow Wilson

4. Russia – drops outLeader = Czar Nicolas II

What was war like?

Russia Drops out

p. 097

Causes p. 097

1. Russia had been defeated in 1905 by the Japanese for Korea2. the huge gap between the nobility and the peasants3. Czar Nicholas II’s leadership in WWI

a. many civilians were going hungry and dyingb. ¼ of all Russian troops

didn’t even have a gunc. continual defeats of the Russian Army

4. Russia decided to drop out of the war

Ending the War

p. 097-099

Total War and Global War p. 097

1. total war – all resources in a country directed to the war effort

2. global war – fighting took place in Europe, Africa and Asia

Total War

3. Factories become dedicated to supplying the army with war materials:

a. demand for labor increases and women take many factory jobs b. Rationing of everyday materials – shortages of

sugar, bread, clothing, etc.

End of Fighting p. 0991. Allies launched a counter attack and finally broke through the western front2. Allies have a string of victories and begin marching

towards Berlin3. Nov. 9, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, abdicates the throne4. Nov. 10, Kaiser Charles I abdicates the throne of Austria- Hungary5. 11am, November 11, 1918 – Germany surrendered

- Armistice Day: “11 day, 11 hour”

Effects of the War p. 099

1. monarchies were shattered2. boundaries were redrawn

a. Russia, Ottoman, German and Austro-Hungarian Empires were all broken apart3. high number of casualties

a. 9 million soldiers killedb. 21 million soldiers were wounded c. 13 million civilians dead

4. colonies began their pushes for independence

Casualties

The Treaty of Versailles

p. 099-101

Woodrow Wilson p. 0991. wanted to direct the peace talks

2. proposed his “Fourteen Points”a. main point was the League of Nations - international cooperative

organization established to prevent future wars

3. many Europeans resented Wilson’s control of the talks

4. the Central Powers and Russia were not invited

The Treaty’s Actual Provisions p. 101

1. reduced the German army to 100,000 men2. created an independent Poland3. Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were reduced in size and broken into other countries4. Germany was stripped of all colonies 5. Germany had to take full responsibility for the war and pay

reparations6. created the League of Nations7. the US Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles

Austria, Hungary, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,

Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq

(controlled by Britain);

Lebanon and Syria(controlled by France)

3. the mandate system was designed to administer the colonies of defeated nations on a temporary basis

Europe 1914

Europe 1919