Cold War OriginsWHII.13a-b

Competition between the United States and the U.S.S.R. laid the foundation for the Cold War.

VS.

The Cold War influenced the policies of the United States and the U.S.S.R. towards other nations and conflicts around the world.

Cold War OriginsA War of Wordsfought with words and ideas rather thanbloodshed and deadlyweapons

Cold War OriginsAfter WWII TWO new superpowers arisethe United States andthe USSR

Cold War OriginsBeginning of the Cold War 1945-1948

Cold War OriginsThe Yalta ConferenceThe Soviets were given control of Eastern EuropeThis means that which kind of government will be in control of this part of the world?

Cold War OriginsStalin spread communism to satellite nations of the USSR and did not hold the free elections he promised. (satellite nations=those controlled by other nations)

Cold War OriginsPresident Truman He has a Policy of ContainmentPolicy directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping expansion of communismIncluded: forming alliances and helping weak countries resist Soviet advancesTruman Doctrine: support for countries who rejected communism

Containment cartoon

Cold War OriginsIron CurtainChurchills term for thedivision that fell onEurope with Democracyin the west and Sovietcontrol inthe east

Cold War OriginsThe Iron Curtain became a symbol of Communism and the fear that accompanied it.Was there really an IRON curtain?

Cold War OriginsThe Cold War escalated and soon divided the world into eastern and westernthe east dominated by the USSR and the west led by the US.

Cold War OriginsDemocracy and Free Enterprise (capitalism) vs.Dictatorship and Communism

Events of the Cold War1948-1989WHII.13a-b

NATO vs. WarsawNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization vs. Warsaw PactEast vs. West; Communism vs. Democracy

1949Nuclear Arms Race BeginsBegan when the Soviet Union tested the Atomic-bombThe presence of nuclear weapons has influenced patterns of conflict and cooperation since 1945.If you have nuclear weapons, what do you have!?

North Korea invades South KoreaUS, United Nations, China all become involvedAt war for 3 yearstrench warfare mostlyKorea splits permanentlyNorth: CommunistSouth: Democratic1950-1953 Korean War

REMEMBER: North Korea remains Communist!

1957Space Race Sputnik was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957It was the first satellite to be put into Earths orbitSpace Race begins!

1961Bay of Pigs InvasionCuban exiles (trained by the CIA) land in Cuba for a counter-revolution against Fidel Castro (1300 of them).

1961Bay of Pigs InvasionUS did not support exiles (as promised).Invasion is crushedexiles are imprisoned and torturedeventually traded to the US

1961Berlin WallWall constructed to separate East and West Berlin (Germany)

1962Cuban Missile Crisisclosest the superpowers ever came to a nuclear exchange.Castro allowed Soviets to put medium-range missiles in Cubacould attack almost all the US with little warning.

Cuban Missile CrisisUS spy planes see missiles being builtKennedy (JFK) blockades Cuba, prepares to invade, & demands Soviets remove missiles.Standoff lasts 13 days

Cuban Missile CrisisKruschev (leader of the USSR after Stalin) backs down and agrees to remove missiles if US promises not to invade CubaUS keeps base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; still there today

1965-1974 Vietnam WarNorth vs. SouthUS involvement after Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionUS fights Vietcong in junglesguerrilla warfare (ambush, mines, trapsunlike any war before in the United States)Nixon elected-Vietnamization= bring troops homeNorth Vietnam invades South, takes Saigon (Ho Chi Minh) and wins

1985--GorbachevBecomes Soviet PremierGlasnostopenness for governmentPeristroikarestructuring of Soviet economyHas many talks with Ronald Reagan about government and economics.

1989Fall of CommunismCommunism failed as an economic system in the Soviet Union and elsewhere due to the following things.

1989Fall of CommunismEastern Europe (Poland first) abandons communismBerlin Wall is torn downNationalism grows in Warsaw Pact countriesSoviet Union economy collapsesSoviet Union breaks upNATO expands

1990Reunification of GermanyEast and West Germany reunite

1991End of Soviet UnionUSSR breaks into 15 separate countries:RussiaLatviaKazakhstanGeorgiaEstoniaTurkmenistanUkraineMoldovaUzbekistanArmeniaLithuaniaAzerbaijanBelarusTajikistanKyrgyzstan

Chinese RevolutionWHII.13c

Japanese occupation of European colonies in Asia increased demands for independence after World War II.After World War II, the United States pursued a policy of containment against communism. This policy included the development of regional alliances against Soviet and Chinese aggression. The Cold War led to armed conflict in Korea and Vietnam.

Nationalist MovementAfter WWI Nationalists overthrow the Qing Dynasty in ChinaThey started a new republicJapan invaded and occupied part of China during WWII while China was involved in a civil war (Nationalist v. Communist)Rape of Nanking

Communists v. NationalistsCommunists were led by Mao Zedong and aided by the Soviet Union (Lenin)

Nationalists were led by Chiang Kai-shek (later known as Jiang Jieshi) and wanted a democracy

Communists v. NationalistsPeasants and lower class supported the Communist promise of landMiddle and upper class bankers, business owners, etc. supported democracy and NationalistsCivil War between the two lasted until WWII when the Japanese invaded

Civil War ResumesAfter WWII when the Japanese left China, the war resumedCommunists and Mao are in the northNationalists and Jiang are in the south

CommunistsMao ZedungNorthern ChinaMainland ChinaSupported by the Soviet UnionWanted National liberationStrong public supportExperienced in guerilla military strategies

NationalistsJiang JieshiSouthern ChinaIsland of TaiwanSupported by the United StatesWanted to defeat the CommunistsLittle public support because of inflation and a failing economyIneffective military with corrupt leadership and poor morale

Communists WIN1949 Mao Zedong gains control of the country (Peoples Republic of China)Nationalists and Jiang flee to Taiwan and set up separate government (which the Chinese still claim is theirs)

Chinese CommunismDifferent from Soviet CommunismMao forcibly seizes farmland and redistributes to larger percent of population in collective farms (called Communes)Business was gradually brought under government control with 5 year plans

Chinese CommunismGreat Leap Forwardcommunes become larger and everything is state owned and run.People lived in communal dorms, had communal dining room, communal nurseries, etc.No incentive for workers and the Great Leap became a failureended in 1961 after great famine

Cultural RevolutionGoal of the Red Guards was to make all peasants and workers equal in all waysArt, Literature, etc. glorified the life of the common peasant who worked with his handsColleges were shut down, schools were closed, media outlets were stopped, they wanted to purify the upper classes/educated

Cultural RevolutionThousands were killed or imprisonedFactories and farms had to shut downMao ends the revolution because of the threat of civil warthe Red Guards were put down