White Seabass (Atractoscion nobilisopc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/project_pages/Rapid... · the last three fishing seasons hook-and-line landings have increased steadily (Figure 3).The

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White Seabass (Atractoscion nobilis)

Certification Units Covered Under this Species

• SmallMeshDriftGillNet

Summary

WhiteseabasscanrangefromMagdalenaBayinBajaCalifornia,MexicotoJuneau,Alaska,howevertheyarerarelyseennorthoftheSanFranciscoarea.Stockstructureisunclear,althoughthereisevidenceofgeneticmixingbetweenCaliforniaandMexico.WhiteseabassareregulatedbytheFishandGameCommissionandmanagedbytheDepartmentofFishandWildlife.AWhiteSeabassFisheryManagementPlanwascompletedin2002andthefisheryundergoesannualmanagementreviews.Thereisalsoanexperimentalenhancementprogramthatreleasesabout100,000juvenileseachyear.

Strengths:

• Stockbiomasshasincreasedoverthelast2decadesandisconsideredhealthy

• Smallmeshdriftgillnetshaveminimalhabitatimpacts

• FisheryhasaFisheryManagementPlanandannualmanagementreviews

Weaknesses:

• Nostockassessmentcompleted(yet)

• Noharvestcontrolrulesandfisheryindependentmonitoringdatamaybeweak

• Needmoreinformationonretained,bycatch,andETPspecies;somemarinemammal andseabirdbycatch

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History of the Fishery in California

Biology of the Species

[FromDFG2006]:Thewhiteseabassisthelargestmemberofthecroakerfamily(Sciaenidae)inCalifornia.WhiteseabasscanrangefromMagdalenaBay,BajaCalifornia,MexicotoJuneau,Alaska,howevertheyarerarelyseennorthoftheSanFranciscoarea.TheyarealsofoundinthenorthernGulfofCalifornia.ThecenterofthewhiteseabasspopulationappearstobeoffcentralBajaCalifornia.GeneticresearchonwhiteseabasspopulationsshowsthatsomemixingoffishfromCaliforniaandMexicooccurs.However,theremaybelocalsubpopulationsoffishthatdonotmixregularly.Whilethequestionofpopulationcontinuityremainsunresolved,thereisevidencethateachsummerthefishmovenorthwardwithwarmingoceantemperatures(asdemonstratedbycatches),likelyforspawning.

SpawningoccursoverrockyreefsfromApriltoAugust,withapeakinthelatespringtoearlysummer.Fecundity(eggproductivity)forthisspecieshasnotbeendetermined,butamaturitystudyinthelate1920sreportedfemalesmaturedat4yearsold(61cm)andsomemalesmaturedat3years(51cm).Allwhiteseabasshavespawnedatleastoncebyage6(81cm).Theeggs,whicharethelargestofanycroakeronthewestcoast(approximately1.3mmindiameter),areplanktonic.Thelarvae,whicharedarklycolored,havebeencollectedfromSantaRosaIsland,CaliforniatoMagdalenaBay,BajaCalifornia,Mexico.MostarefoundintheinshoreareasofSebastianViscainoandSanJuanicoBays,BajaCalifornia,Mexico,indicatingmajorspawningoccursoffcentralBajaCalifornia.

Young-of-the-yearwhiteseabass,ranginginlengthfrom0.6to5.7cm,inhabittheopencoastinwaters4mto9mdeep.Theyassociatewithdriftingmacroalgaeinareasofsandyoceanbottom.Betweentheagesof1and3yearsold,somejuvenilesmaymoveintoprotectedbayswheretheyutilizeeelgrasscommunitiesforcoverandforage.Olderjuvenilesarecaughtoffpiersandjettiesandaroundbedsofgiantkelp.Maximumsizeforadultwhiteseabassis166cmand42.3kg,althoughmostcommerciallycaughtfisharenear102cmandweighabout9kg.Theycanliveatleast13years(Loveetal.2011).Adultsoccupyawiderangeofhabitatsincludingkelpbeds,reefs,offshorebanks,andtheopenocean;theycanbefoundindepthsrangingfromthesurfzoneto122m.AdultwhiteseabasseatPacificmackerel,Pacificsardines,marketsquid,pelagicredcrabs,andPacificherring.

Commercial Fishery

[CDFG2006]:Priorto1982,themajorityofcommercialwhiteseabasscatchwastakenfromMexicanwaters;sincethattime,theMexicangovernmenthasdeniedaccesspermitstoU.S.fishermen,andthefisheryhasbeenconcentratedinsouthernCalifornia,southofPointConception.Inthelastdecade,catchofwhiteseabasshasincreasednorthofPointConception,althoughthisstillcompriseslessthan20%ofthetotalcatch.Commerciallandingsofwhiteseabasshavefluctuatedwidelyoverthepast90yearsofrecordkeeping.Since1959,when1,588mtwerelanded,thetrendhasbeenoneofgeneraldecline(Figure1).Bythe1980–1981fishingseason,thefisheryhadcollapsedto10percentofitshistoriccatch(Allenetal.2007),andannuallandingsremainedatthislevelforthenext15years.However,landingssince1999haveexceeded91mtannually,whichisamodestincreaseovertheperiodof1983-1998.Whiteseabassisavaluablefishery,exceeding$1millioninex-vesselrevenuesoverlasttwoyears(Figure2).

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Duringtheearlyyearsofthefishery,commercialcatchesweremadeusinggillnets,hook-and-line,androundhaulnets.Round-haulnetusewascurtailedinthelate1920sbecausedecreasingcatchesmadeituneconomical.Bytheearly1940’s,thetakeofwhiteseabassbyroundhaulgearwasprohibited,andgillnetsbecamethemajorcommercialfishinggear,oftenaccountingforover90%ofcommerciallandings.In1994,restrictionsongillnetsfromPointArguellototheUS-Mexicanborderwentintoeffect,andin2002,gillnetdepthrestrictionswereexpandedfromPointArguellonorthtoPointReyes(CDFG2006).Despitetheserestrictions,mostcommerciallandingsarestilltakenwithsmallmeshdriftandsetgillnets,althoughoverthelastthreefishingseasonshook-and-linelandingshaveincreasedsteadily(Figure3).Thenumberofvesselsusinghook-and-linegearhasalsoincreasedsubstantiallyinrecentyears(Figure4),althoughthemajorityofhookandlinevesselsopportunisticallycatchwhiteseabasswhenavailablealongthecoast(CDFG2011).

Figure 1.CommerciallandingsofwhiteseabassthatwerebothcaughtandlandedinCalifornia(excludesdatafromwhenMexicowaterswereopenaccess)through2010(CDFG2011).

Figure 2.Totalex-vesselrevenuefromcommercialwhiteseabassfromthe2002/03to2011/12fishingseasons(datafromCDFW2013).

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Figure 3.Californiacommercialwhiteseabasslandingsbygeartypefromthe2002-03to2011-12fishingseasons(datafromCDFW2013).

Figure 4. Numberofcommercialfishingvesselslandingwhiteseabassbyprincipalgeartypefromthe2002-03to2011-12fishingseasons(datafromCDFW2013).

Recreational Fishery

ThereisaveryactiverecreationalfisheryinCalifornia;priorto2004recreationallandingsexceededcommerciallandings(Figures5and6).Mostoftherecreationalfishery(90-95%)typicallyoccurssouthofPointArguello;however,inrecentyears,increasedlandingshaveoccurredfurthernorthinMontereyBay(CDFG2011).TherecreationalfisheryisopenyearroundbutoccursprimarilyMarchthroughSeptember.Thedailybaglimitisthreefish,exceptfromMarch15throughJune15whenthedailybaglimitisonefishsouthofPointConception.Thereisalsoaminimumsizelimitof71cm(28in).Mostfisharecaughtbyhook-and-line

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anglersonboardCPFVsandprivateboats.From1980to2004,themethodforestimatingrecreationalcatchwastheMarineRecreationalFisheriesStatisticalSurvey(MRFSS)(Figure5).After2004,theCaliforniaRecreationalFishingSurvey(CRFS)wasusedtoestimaterecreationalcatch(Figure6).Becausethesetwodatasetsusedifferentsurveymethodsforcollectingdata,thedatasetsarenotcomparable.

Figure 5. RecreationalandcommerciallandingsinCaliforniaofwhiteseabassfromthe1997-98seasontothe2002-03season(datacompiledfromCDFG2011,CDFG2006).

Figure 6.RecreationalandcommerciallandingsinCaliforniaofwhiteseabassfromthe2003-04seasontothe2011-12season(datafromCDFW2013).

MSC Principle 1: Resource Sustainability

*Sustainability of the Target Stock

Biomassatmaximumsustainableyield(BMSY)wassetin2002at7,982mt(16millionpounds).Althoughthefisheryisdatapoorandcurrentestimatesofstocksizedonotexist,ascientific

*ForCalifornia’sSustainableSeafoodProgram,thiscategorymustscorean80orhigherduringanMSCassessment.

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andconstituentadvisorypaneldeterminedthatcurrentbiomassofwhiteseabassisabovetheBMSY(CDFG2002).Aconservativeoptimumyield(OY)ortotalallowablecatch(TAC)wassetin2002of599mt(1.2millionpounds).TheTAChasnotbeenreachedsinceitwasset.

Historically,whiteseabassstocksexperiencedalongperiodofgeneraldecline(1960–1997),andin1980thestockwasdepletedto10percentofitshistoriccatch(Allenetal.2007).However,populationsandlandingshaveincreasedoverthelasttwodecades.Recentincreasesarelargelyattributedtoincreasedregulation,particularlytheclosureofgillnetfishinginCaliforniastatewaterssouthofPointArguello(Allenetal.2007).

Researchisunderwaytoconductastockassessmentonwhiteseabass(ValerieTaylor,personalcomm.,2013).Inlieuofastockassessment,anannualreviewofboththecommercialandrecreationalwhiteseabassfisheryhasbeenconductedsince2002,asrequiredbytheWhiteSeabassFisheryManagementPlan(WSFMP).Thereviewevaluatessixpointsofconcern(CDFG2002);ifanyofthemaremettheCaliforniaFishandGameCommission(FGC),withguidancefromtheCaliforniaDepartmentofFishandWildlife(DFW),willdetermineifmanagementmeasuresneedtobetakentopreventoverfishing.Along-termgoalofthe2002WSFMPwastodevelopaformalstockassessmentforthefisheryratherthanrelyingonfisherydependentdatatoevaluatethehealthofthestock.Oncethestockassessmentiscomplete,itwilllikelybeincorporatedintotheWSFMP.

Inadditiontothewildpopulation,thewhiteseabasspopulationisalsosupplementedbytheOceanResourcesEnhancementandHatcheryProgram(OREHP).In1982,theCaliforniaLegislatureestablishedtheOREHPtoenhancepopulationsofdepletedmarinefinfish.TheOREHPisanexperimentalaquacultureprogramthatraisesjuvenilewhiteseabasstoalengthof200–250mmandreleasesthemintothewild.CurrentlytheOREHPcanreleaseupto350,000individualsperyear,buthaveonaveragereleasedaround100,000individualsperyear(ValerieTaylor,personalcomm.,2013).Incomparison,thereddrumenhancementprogramintheGulfofMexicoreleasesupto1.4millionindividualsperyear.DFWiscurrentlybeginningtheprocessofevaluatingtheOREHPtodeterminetheprogram’scontributiontothewildpopulation(ValerieTaylor,personalcomm.,2013).

Evaluation against MSC Component 1.1: Sustainability of Target StockPerformance Indicators Rating Justification

1.1.1 Stock Status Stock biomass is above BMSY

1.1.2 Reference Points Reference points have been calculated; the stock is maintained at a level exceeding BMSY

1.1.3 Stock rebuilding Not triggered

Harvest Strategy (Management)

WhiteseabassareregulatedbytheFGCandmanagedbyDFW.TheWSFMPwasadoptedbytheFGCin2002.UndertheWSFMP,thefisheryundergoesanannualreviewwhereDFWworkswiththeWhiteSeabassScientificandConstituentAdvisoryPanel(WSSCAP)toevaluatethefisheryagainstcriteriasetforthintheWSFMP.DFWthenpresentstheresultsandmakesarecommendationtotheFGC.ItisatthediscretionoftheFGCtodeterminewhetherornota

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changetothemanagementofthefisheryneedstobemade.Thesixcriteriainclude:

1.Catchisexpectedtoexceedthecurrentharvestguidelineorquota;

2.Anyadverseorsignificantchangeinthebiologicalcharacteristicsofwhiteseabass(agecomposition,sizecomposition,ageatmaturityorrecruitment)isdiscovered;

3.Anoverfishingconditionexistsorisimminent;consistingofevaluating:

a. a20%declineinthetotalannualcommerciallandingsofwhiteseabassforthepasttwoconsecutiveseasonscomparedtothepriorfiveseasonaverage;

b. 20%declineinboththenumberoffishandtheaveragesizeoffishcaughtintherecreationalfishery;and

c. 30%declineinOREHPrecruitmentindicesforjuvenilewhiteseabasscomparedtothepriorfiveseasonaverage.

4.Anyadverseorsignificantchangeintheavailabilityofwhiteseabassforageorinthestatusofadependentspeciesisdiscovered;

5.Newinformationonthestatusofwhiteseabass;

6.Anerrorindataorstockassessmentisdetectedthatsignificantlychangesestimatesofimpactsduetocurrentmanagement.

SincetheinceptionoftheWSFMP,noneofthepointsofconcernhavebeenmetsonomanagementchangeshavebeenadopted.Through2008,statuswasevaluatedusingacombinationoffisherydependentandfisheryindependentdata(CDFG2006);fisheryindependentdataonjuvenilewhiteseabasswascollectedbytheOREHP.However,from2009-2011fundingforcollectionofjuvenilerecruitmentdatawascutandonlyfisherydependentdatawasusedtoinformreviews.Partialfundingwasrestoredin2012andaportionofthefisheryindependentdataisbeingcollectedagain(ValerieTaylor,personalcomm.,2013).

Catchofwhiteseabassisalsoregulatedbylimitedentrypermits,gearrestrictions,minimumsizelimits,andseasonalandareaclosures:

• Limitedentrygill/trammelnetpermitisrequired

• Minimumgillnetmeshsizeof15cm(6in)

• Minimumsizelimitof71cm(28in)forboththecommercialandrecreationalfishery

• CommercialfisheryclosurefromMarch15toJune15southofPointConceptionto protectfishduringspawningseason

• StatebanofgillnetfishinginstatewatersfromtheUS-MexicobordertoPointArguello, 70fathomsorwithinonenauticalmile(whicheverisless)oftheChannelIslands,inshore of60fathomsfromPointArguellonorth

WecouldfindnoinformationonfisherymanagementpracticesinMexico.

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Evaluation against MSC Component 1.2: Harvest StrategyPerformance Indicators Rating Justification

1.2.1 Harvest Strategy Management structure in place, but not rigorous right now; Might be lacking in monitoring; no harvest control rules; tools are available for limiting catch.

1.2.2 Harvest Control Rules and Tools

Mechanisms for response if stock declines, but no triggers; management strategy evaluations are a tool that could be used for this (limited entry, gear limits, area closures, etc); no info on removals from Mexico.

1.2.3 Information/Monitoring Fishery dependent and independent data are collected.

1.2.4 Assessment of Stock Status There are annual reviews, but no stock assessment (it is underway).

MSC Principle 2: Environment

Retained Catch

Small Mesh Drift Gill Net

Thisinformationisnotavailableatthistime,butcouldbeaccessedinthefuturebyanalyzingDFWlandingsreceiptsandlogbooks.Thereisasub-portionofthisfisherythattargets,notonlyseabass,buthalibut,yellowtail,barracuda,orangelsharks.Sincethesearetargetedspecies,theyarenotconsideredretainedcatch.

Evaluation against MSC Component 2.1: Retained Catch

Bycatch


Althoughdetailedinformationfrompastobserverprogramswasnotreadilyavailable,there

Performance Indicators Rating Justification

2.1.1 Outcome Unknown; no information publicly available, cannot assess

2.1.2 Management Unknown; no information publicly available, cannot assess

2.1.3 Information DFW landings receipts and logbooks should be available, although no information is publicly available

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shouldbedataavailableonbycatchofnon-protectedspeciesinthesedatasets.Inaddition,afederalobserverprogram,forwhichdataisnotavailableatthistime,mayprovideinsightintobycatchforthisfishery(seenextsection).Bycatchisnotknownforthehook-and-lineportionofthefisherybutisconsideredtobelow.

Evaluation against MSC Component 2.2: Bycatch

Endangered, Threatened, & Protected Species


ThesmallmeshdriftgillnetfisheryundertheMarineMammalProtectionActiscurrentlyratedaCategoryII(NMFS2012).ThereislimiteddataavailableonETPspeciesbycatchinthesmallmeshdriftgillnetfishery;alldataisfromafederalobserverprogramfrom2002to2004associatedwiththeyellowtail,barracuda,andwhiteseabassdriftgillnetfishery.Afederalgillnetobserverprogramhasbeencontractedoutagain,butthereisnodataavailableatthistime(ValerieTaylor,personalcomm.,2013).Observerdatafrom2002to2004documentedmortalitiesofthreeCaliforniasealionsandtwolong-beakedcommondolphinsamongatotalof64setsobserved(Carrettaetal.2004,Carrettaetal.2005).Populationsofthesespeciesareconsideredtobestableorincreasing.

Evaluation against MSC Component 2.3: Endangered, Threatened & Protected SpeciesPerformance Indicators Rating Justification

2.3.1 Outcome Limited data publicly available; data that is available suggests the fishery does not cause irreversible harm to ETP species

2.3.2 Management Gear restrictions in place likely limit harm to ETP species

2.3.3 Information Some observer data, logbooks

*ForCalifornia’sSustainableSeafoodProgram,thiscategorymustscorean80orhigherduringanMSCassessment.

Habitat

Driftgillnetshaveminimalimpactsonphysicalhabitatssincetheyarenotdesignedtocomeintocontactwiththeseafloor(Cheunpagdeeetal.2003,Morganetal.2004).Thestatebanon


2.2.1 Outcome Unknown; no information publicly available, cannot assess

2.2.2 Management Bycatch species unknown, need more information; although gear restrictions likely limit bycatch

2.2.3 Information Some observer data, logbooks

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gillnetfishinginmanystatewatersprotectssomeofthehabitatthatmightbefishedifthebanwerenotinplace.

Evaluation against MSC Component 2.4: HabitatPerformance Indicators Rating Justification

2.4.1 Outcome Minimal habitat impacts from drift gill nets

2.4.2 Management Limited entry permits, gear restrictions, area closures and seasonal closures help limit habitat impacts

2.4.3 Information It is unclear if the information available on habitat impacts is adequate to assess the risk posed

Ecosystem

Whiteseabassprimarilypreyonanchovies,herring,sardines,squid,andpelagiccrabs(Thomas1968;Vojokovivhetal1983).Juvenilesarepreyeduponbymanylargerfish(Marguiles1989),andadultshavebeenseenbeingeatenbysealionsandsharks(CDFG2002).Itisunknownwhetheranychangestotheecosystemcanbeattributedtothewhiteseabassgillnetfisheries(CDFG2002).

Evaluation against MSC Component 2.5: Ecosystem

MSC Principle 3: Management System

Governance and Policy

ThefisheryisregulatedbytheFishandGameCommissionandmanagedbyDFW.ItissubjecttoandmanagedunderallrelevantUSfederallawsaswellasCaliforniastateregulationspertainingtofisheriesmanagement.ThefisheryissubjecttoanFMPandisreviewedonanannualbasisbytheCommissionwithrecommendationsfromDFWandWSSCAP.ThepubliccanattendandcommentatpublicCommissionmeetings,orsendincommentsbymailore-mail.


2.5.1 Outcome Not enough information to assess

2.5.2 Management WS FMP criteria #4 addresses changes in the availability of white seabass forage fish species; existing mgmt may indirectly benefit ecosystem health; MPAs will protect some juvenile habitat

2.5.3 Information There should be some info available on retained, bycatch and ETP species from landings receipts and observer data to help assess this PI

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Evaluation against MSC Component 3.1: Governance and PolicyPerformance Indicators Rating Justification

3.1.1 Legal and/or Customary Framework

FGC and DFW manage the fishery within an effective framework for delivering sustainable fisheries

3.1.2 Consultation, Roles and responsibilities

Roles and responsibilities are clearly laid out; FGC meetings are open to the public and to public comments

3.1.3 Long-‐term Objectives Magnuson-‐Stevens Act, Marine Life Management Act

3.1.4 Incentives for Sustainable Fishing

Magnuson-‐Stevens Act, Marine Life Management Act

Fishery Specific Management System

ThewhiteseabassfisheryisactivelymanagedandregulatedbyboththeCommissionandDFW.SeetheHarvestStrategysectionformoreinformation.Itundergoesanannualreview,andDFWiscurrentlyevaluatingitsexperimentalenhancementprogram.EnforcementoffishingregulationsisconductedinstatewatersbyCDFW’sLawEnforcementDivisionandinfederalwatersbyNOAA’sOfficeofLawEnforcement.Additionallytoolssuchasportsampling,logbooks,andobservercoverageareusedtomonitorcatchandensurevesselshavethecorrectpermitsforthecatchtheyarelanding.Violatorsareprosecutedunderthelaw.Thereisnoevidenceofsystemicnon-compliance.

Evaluation against MSC Component 3.2: Fishery Specific Management System


3.2.1 Fishery Specific Objectives Clear objectives are outlined in the WSFMP

3.2.2 Decision-‐making Processes DFW provides recommendations that are vetted through the FGC

3.2.3 Compliance & Enforcement An enforcement system exists and has demonstrated an ability to enforce relevant management measures, strategies and/or rules.

3.2.4 Research Plan The WS FMP outlines short and long term research objectives however the research plan has not been formally reviewed in awhile

3.2.5 Management Performance Evaluation

There is an annual review to evaluate the fishery against six management criteria

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California Specific Requirements

TheCaliforniavoluntarysustainableseafoodprogramrequiresfisheriesseekingcertificationtomeetCaliforniaspecificstandardsinadditiontothestandardsandrequirementsoftheMarineStewardshipCouncil(MSC)sustainablefisheriescertificationprogram.Theseinclude:

1.Higherscores(80insteadof60)fortwoperformanceindicators(PI)oftheMSCprogram:“StockStatus”(PI1.1.1)and“By-catchofEndangered,Threatened,orProtected(ETP)Species”(PI2.3.1).ThesetwoPIsarehighlightedinthereport.

2.Additionalindependentscientificreview:TheOPCScienceAdvisoryTeamwillbeengagedinthecertificationprocessthroughearlyconsultationinreviewingminimumeligibilitycriteria,andreviewoftheMSC-requiredpre-assessmentsandfullassessments.ThereviewswillbeconductedinadditiontoMSC’speerreview,thusbringingadditionalcredibility,transparency,andindependencetoCalifornia’scertificationprocess.

3.Additionaltraceabilitycomponents:TheCaliforniaprogramwilldevelopauniquebarcodeforCaliforniacertifiedsustainablefish.Thisbarcodecanbeeitherscannedbyasmart-phoneorlinkedtoawebsitethatwillrevealadditionalinformationaboutthefishery,andinformationabouttoxicitywhenavailable

Recommendations

Inthisfishery,therearethreegeartypes.Weinvestigatedthesmallmeshdriftgillnetfishery,butweneedtobetterunderstandthechoicesbeingmadebyfishermenwhenfishingeitherwithsetorsmallmeshdriftgillnets.Therearereasonablydifferentimpactstohabitatassociatedwitheachofthesegeartypesthatmayaffectthesustainabilityofthefishery.Inaddition,wedidnotconsiderthehook-and-linefisherythattakesplaceinMontereyBay.Thisisstillarelativelysmallportionofthefisherybutappearstobegrowing(ValerieTaylorpersonalcomm.,2013).Itispossiblethisportionofthefisheryexpandsandshrinksbasedonenvironmentalfactors(warmingwaters,preyavailability)(ValerieTaylorpersonalcomm.,2013).Californiamaywanttotakeacloserlookatthehook-and-linefisherysinceitappearstobearelativelysustainablegeartype.

Thisfisheryalsohasseveralcomponentsthatarecurrentlyunderinvestigationandwillprovideaclearerstateofthefisheryoncecomplete.Theseincludestockassessmentresearch,reviewoftheOREHP,resumingfisheryindependentdatacollectionthathasbeensuspendedsince2008,andafederalobserverprogramonbothsetandsmallmeshdriftgillnetvessels.

References

Allen,L.,D.Pondella,andM.Shane.2007.FisheriesIndependentAssessmentofaReturningFishery:AbundanceofJuvenileWhiteSeabass(Atractoscionnobilis)intheShallowNearshoreWatersoftheSouthernCaliforniaBight,1995-2005.FisheriesResearch88:24-32.

CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandGame.2002.WhiteSeabassFisheryManagementPlan.CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandWildlifeMarineRegion.

CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandGame.2006.AnnualStatusoftheFisheriesReports.CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandWildlifeMarineRegion.

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CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandGame.2011.ReviewofselectedCaliforniafisheriesfor2010:Coastalpelagicfinfish,marketsquid,oceansalmon,groundfish,highlymigratoryspecies,Dungenesscrab,spinylobster,spotprawn,Kellet’swhelk,andwhiteseabss.CalCOFIReports52:13-35.

CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandWildlife.2013.Asummaryofinformationfromthe2011/12whiteseabassfisheriesandsamplingprogramsasrelatedtotheannualreviewofthewhiteseabassfisherymanagementplan.CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandWildlifeMarineRegion.

Love,M.S.2011.CertainlyMoreThanYouWanttoKnowAbouttheFishesofthePacificcoast–APostmodernExperience.ReallyBigPress,SantaBarbara,CA.650pp

Margulies,N.1989.Size-specificvulnerabilitytopredationandsensorysystemdevelopmentofwhiteseabass,Atractoscionnobilis,larvae.FisheryBulletin87:537-552.

Morgan,L.E.,R.Chuenpagdee,S.M.Maxwell,andE.A.Norse.2004.MPAsasatoolforaddressingthecollateralimpactsoffishinggears.InMakingEcosystem-BasedManagementWork.ProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonScienceManagementofProtectedAreas.Victoria,BC.

NationalMarineFisheriesService(NMFS).2012.ListofFisheriesfor2013.FederalRegister78(77):23708-23732.

Pondella,D.J.andL.G.Allen.2008.ThedeclineandrecoveryoffourpredatoryfishesfromtheSouthernCaliforniaBight.MarineBiology154(2):307-313.

Taylor,V.2013.CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandWildlife.Personalcommunication.April2013.

Vojkovich,M.,andR.J.Reed.1983.Whiteseabass,Atractoscionnobilis,inCalifornia-Mexicanwaters:statusofthefishery.CalCOFIReports24:79-83.

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Appendix A

MSC Assessment Tree White Seabass Drift gill nets

Principle Component Performance Indicator Southern

Principle 1: Health of Fish Stock

Outcome

1.1.1: Stock status

1.1.2: Reference points

1.1.3: Stock rebuilding Did not assess

Harvest Strategy (Management)

1.2.1: Harvest strategy

1.2.2: Harvest control rules

1.2.3: Info/ monitoring

1.2.4: Stock assessment

Principle 2: Impact on Ecosystem

Retained species

2.1.1: Status

2.1.2: Mgmt strategy

2.1.3: Information

By-catch species 2.2.1: Status


2.2.3: Info

ETP species 2.3.1: Status


2.3.3: Info

Habitats 2.4.1: Status


2.4.3: Info

Ecosystem 2.5.1: Status


2.5.3: Info

Principle 3: Management System

Governance & Policy

3.1.1: Legal framework

3.1.2: Consultation, roles, and responsibilities

3.1.3: Long term objectives

3.1.4: Incentives for sustainable fishing

Fishery Specific Mgmt System

3.2.1: Fishery specific objectives

3.2.2: Decision making process

3.2.3: Compliance & enforcement

3.2.4: Research plan

3.2.5: Management performance evaluation

Documents

White Seabass (Atractoscion nobilisopc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/project_pages/Rapid... · the last three fishing seasons hook-and-line landings have increased steadily (Figure 3).The