WiBAS-C System Ed 3 En

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Wireless Broadband Access System

System Description

Edition 3.0

G D C - 0 0 2 / 5 5

Confidential


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INTRACOM TELECOM

19.7 km Markopoulou Ave., Peania, Athens, GR 19002T +30 210 667 1000, F +30 210 667 1001

http: / /www.intracom-telecom.com

INTRACOM S.A. TELECOM SOLUTIONS, 2012. All rights reserved.

All copyright, intellectual and industrial rights in this document and in the technical knowledge it containsare owned by INTRACOM S.A. TELECOM SOLUTIONS and/or their respective owners.

This document is made available to the end users only for their internal use.No part of this document nor any data herein may be published, disclosed, copied, reproduced,redistributed by any form or means, electronically or mechanically, or used for any other purposewhatsoever without the prior written approval of INTRACOM S.A. TELECOM SOLUTIONS.Information as well as drawings and specifications contained in this document are subject to changewithout prior notice.

All trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of INTRACOM S.A. TELECOMSOLUTIONS and/or their respective owners. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved.

Printed in Greece.


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Document Revision History WiBAS-C

System Description - Edition 3.0

-I-

Document Revision History

Revisions • Previous Edition: 2.0

• Current Edition: 3.0

Reasons ofchange

The following table lists the changes effected in relation to the previous editionof the WiBAS™ System Description document:

Part

E = Edited/ Modified, A = Added, M = Moved, R = Removed Page

(1)

System Overview

Key strengths and benefits E 5

Typical Applications E 6 - 14

WiBAS™™™™ Network Architecture

TS composition E 17

WiBAS™™™™-C Overview:

Key features E 19

WiBAS™™™™-C External Units:

CONV-PAN-IDC-BNC

OmniWAY-2G

E

E

20

20 - 21

Base Station Radio Antenna (BRA):

New SG 26/ 28 GHz BRA A 25

Equipment Description of WiBASTM Terminal Stations

Introduction E 28

MSAD Subrack:

Key features

Front Panel Description

E

A

2930

Full Outdoor A 35

Functional Description

Statistical multiplexing

Dynamic Bandwidth AllocationSector Protection

A

M

MM

36

37

3839

Managing WiBAS™™™™ –C Systems & Networks A 50

Continued on next page

(1) Page references refer to current document


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Document Revision History

-II-

Document Revision History, Continued

Reasons of change (continued)

Part

E = Edited/ Modified, A = Added, M = Moved, R = Removed Page

(1)

System Specifications::

General: Radio Features

General: Max net Capacity per BS & TS

Networking

Air Interface Characteristics

A

E

E

A

57

58

60 – 61

62

WiBAS™™™™ Specifications :

Technical Specifications E 64

OmniWAY-2G Specifications:

Technical specifications: Environmental E 67

MSAD Specifications:

Coaxial cable characteristics E 71

Full Outdoor Terminal Station Specifications A 77

Radio Performance: E 82 - 84

System Gains E 85

Sector Capacity (with Split-Mount Terminal Stations):

Air transmission rate

E

R

87

Sector Capacity (with Full Outdoor Terminal Stations) A 88

Cell Sector Ranges E 93

Band 10.5 GHz:

Band Characteristics E 96

26 GHz Base Station Antennas:

BRA-2690-V-H SG A 108

10.5 GHz Terminal Station Antennas:

Specifications of 10.5 GHz integrated TRA A 110

26 GHz Terminal Station Antennas:

Specifications of TRA-2603 & TRA 2606 E 112

28 GHz Terminal Station Antennas:

Specifications of TRA-2803 & TRA 2806 E 113

(1) Page references refer to current document


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Table of Contents

1

Table of Contents

Document Revision History ..................................................................................................I

1 System Overview............................................................................................................... 5

2 Typical Applications ......................................................................................................... 6

LTE Backhauling................................................................................................................. 7

Small Cell Backhaul ............................................................................................................ 8

2G/ 3G Mobile Backhauling.................................................................................................9

Broadband Access for Business Customers...................................................................... 10

WiMAX Backhauling..........................................................................................................11

Voice Services with VoIP Telephony.................................................................................12

Legacy Access for Business Customers ........................................................................... 13

Broadband Access Networks Backhauling ........................................................................ 14

3 WiBAS

Network Architecture.......................................................................................... 15

4 Equipment Description of WiBASTM Base Station......................................................... 18

4.1 WiBASTM-C Subrack ......................................................................................................... 18

WiBAS-C Overview........................................................................................................... 18

WiBAS-C Front Panel Description..................................................................................... 19

WiBAS-C External Units.................................................................................................... 20

4.2 Base Station Radio System - BRS....................................................................................22

BRS Overview................................................................................................................... 22

Base Station Radio Box (BRB)..........................................................................................23

Base Station Radio Antenna (BRA)................................................................................... 25 Extended BRS ..................................................................................................................27

5 Equipment Description of WiBASTM Terminal Stations................................................. 28

5.1 Split-Mount Terminal Station............................................................................................. 29

MSAD Subrack .................................................................................................................29

Terminal Station Radio System (TRS) Overview............................................................... 31

Terminal Station Radio Box (TRB) ....................................................................................33

Terminal Station Radio Antenna (TRA) .............................................................................34

5.2 Full Outdoor Terminal Station ........................................................................................... 35

Full Outdoor Terminal Station Description......................................................................... 35

6 Functional Description.................................................................................................... 36

Statistical Multiplexing....................................................................................................... 37

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation .......................................................................................... 38

Sector Protection Mechanism ........................................................................................... 39

Air Scheduling...................................................................................................................41

Ethernet QoS ....................................................................................................................46

TR3C Policing Mechanism................................................................................................47

Security Features..............................................................................................................49

7 Managing WiBAS-C Systems & Networks..................................................................... 50


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uni|MS Overview...............................................................................................................51

WiBAS-C Management Features ...................................................................................... 53

8 Technical Specifications................................................................................................. 56

8.1 System Specifications....................................................................................................... 56

System Specifications....................................................................................................... 56

8.2 Equipment Specifications.................................................................................................. 64

WiBAS-C Specifications....................................................................................................64

OmniWAY-2G Specifications ............................................................................................ 67

MSAD Specifications......................................................................................................... 69

BRB / TRB Specifications..................................................................................................73

Full Outdoor Terminal Station Specifications..................................................................... 77

8.3 Radio & Modem Performance ........................................................................................... 81

Radio Performance ........................................................................................................... 82

System Gains....................................................................................................................85 Sector Capacity (with Split-Mount Terminal Stations)........................................................ 87

Sector Capacity (with Full Outdoor Terminal Stations) ...................................................... 88

Carrier to Noise Ratio (C/N) ..............................................................................................89

Sensitivity.......................................................................................................................... 90

Cell Sector Ranges ........................................................................................................... 91

Appendix A - Band Characteristics & Available Channels.................................................. 96

Band 10.5 GHz .................................................................................................................96

Band 26 GHz ....................................................................................................................98

Band 28 GHz .................................................................................................................. 102

Appendix B - Antenna Characteristics................................................................................ 106

10.5 GHz Base Station Antennas....................................................................................107

26 GHz Base Station Antennas....................................................................................... 108

28 GHz Base Station Antennas....................................................................................... 109

10.5 GHz Terminal Station Antennas.............................................................................. 110

26 GHz Terminal Station Antennas.................................................................................112

28 GHz Terminal Station Antennas.................................................................................113

Glossary................................................................................................................................ 114


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List of Figures

3

List of Figures

Fig. 1 LTE backhaul application schematic................................................................................. 7 Fig. 2 Small-cell application schematic....................................................................................... 8 Fig. 3 2G/ 3G Mobile Backhaul application schematic ................................................................ 9

Fig. 4 Broadband Access for Business Customers application schematic ................................ 10 Fig. 5 WiMAX backhaul application schematic ......................................................................... 11 Fig. 6 Voice Services with VoIP Telephony application schematic............................................ 12 Fig. 7 Legacy Access for Business Customers application schematic ...................................... 13 Fig. 8 Broadband Access Networks Backhauling application schematic................................... 14 Fig. 9 PtMP Architecture...........................................................................................................15

Fig. 10 WiBAS™ Architecture ...................................................................................................16

Fig. 11 WiBAS™ End-to-End Network Interconnection .............................................................17

Fig. 12 WiBAS™ -C ..................................................................................................................18

Fig. 13 WiBAS™ -C Front Panel ...............................................................................................19

Fig. 14 WiBAS™ -C P32E1....................................................................................................... 20 Fig. 15 CONV-PAN-IDC-BNC...................................................................................................20

Fig. 16 OmniWAY-2G...............................................................................................................20 Fig. 17 OmniWAY-2G - WiBAS™ -C Base Station interconnection schematic .......................... 21 Fig. 18 BRB with High-Gain BRA 26/ 28 GHz mounted on a mast ........................................... 22 Fig. 19 BRB 10.5 GHZ mounted on a mast, through mounting bracket .................................... 23 Fig. 20 BRA 26/ 28 GHz High Gain .......................................................................................... 25 Fig. 21 BRA 26GHz Standard Gain .......................................................................................... 25 Fig. 22 BRA 10.5 GHz High Gain ............................................................................................. 26 Fig. 23 Extended BRS 26/28 GHz............................................................................................ 27 Fig. 24 Extended BRS coverage ..............................................................................................27 Fig. 25 MSAD........................................................................................................................... 29 Fig. 26 MSAD Front Panel........................................................................................................30

Fig. 27 TRA 26/28 GHz ............................................................................................................ 34 Fig. 28 TRA 10.5 GHz .............................................................................................................. 34 Fig. 29 Statistical Multiplexing ..................................................................................................37 Fig. 30 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) ........................................................................... 38 Fig. 31 1+1 Sector Protection...................................................................................................39 Fig. 32 1:1 Sector Protection....................................................................................................40 Fig. 33 Uplink Scheduling Scheme...........................................................................................41

Fig. 34 WiBAS™ Uplink Scheduler ........................................................................................... 43

Fig. 35 WiBAS™ Packet Scheduler .......................................................................................... 44

Fig. 36 uni|MS™ customizable desktop ....................................................................................52 Fig. 37 Full Oudoor TS Front and Rear View............................................................................ 77

Fig. 38 WiBAS™ BS Configuration ........................................................................................... 91

Fig. 39 Band 26 GHz Frequency Spectrum..............................................................................98 Fig. 40 Band 28 GHz Frequency Spectrum............................................................................ 102


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5

1 System Overview

Introduction WiBAS™ is a carrier-grade Point-to-Multi-Point (PtMP) microwave platform

family of products that operates in the 10.5 / 26 / 28 GHz bands. It providesoperators a powerful and cost-effective broadband wireless solution that fitsall their current and upcoming backhaul & access needs.

Employing state-of-the-art IEEE 802.16 technology and offering top-notch

performance, as well as unparalleled configuration flexibility, WiBAS™ isspecially designed for traffic-intensive broadband applications and coverageof large geographical areas. Its ultra-wide service area footprint allowsreaching distant underserved areas, or areas lacking infrastructure, easilyand cost-effectively.

WiBAS™ is explicitly designed to address two key trends in today’stelecommunications environment, that is:

• Next Generation Network (NGN) migration or the migration of traditionaltelephone networks to IP-based infrastructure.

• Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC), as a need for simplicity throughintegration.

For fixed-line network operators, WiBAS™ represents a unique solution forboth the access and transmission networks, providing backhauling linkswithin the network and access services to high-end business customers.

For the mobile operator, WiBAS™ stands for the ideal solution forbackhauling legacy and traffic-intensive networks.

Key strengthsand benefits

• Industry-leading net throughputs of up to 157 Mbit/s(1) per sector (on asingle 28 MHz channel).

• Proven multi-service platform (IP/Ethernet, TDM & ATM).

• Multiple operator frequencies (10.5 / 26 / 28 GHz) & channel sizes(7 / 14 / 28 MHz).

• High Base Station capacity: 2x28 MHz capacity per sector andsimultaneously allowing 1:1 protection

• High Terminal Station capacity: up to 8 x E1 ports and up to 4 x Ethernetports achieving full sector capacity.

• Exceptional system performance, full QoS support and carrier-gradeprotection mechanisms.

• Powerful core mechanisms for reliable, high-speed and bandwidth-efficientwireless connections:− Hitless adaptive modulation (up to 256QAM).

− Dynamic bandwidth allocation & Statistical multiplexing.− Packet switching.− High spectral efficiency 5.6 bit/s/Hz (net rate).− Forward Error Correction.


(1) Feature available with Release 3.3.


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Chapter: 2 Typical Applications

6

2 Typical Applications

Element Description

WiBAS™ BS WiBAS™ Base Station, located in the centre of a cell

sector.WiBAS™ TS WiBAS™ Terminal Station, located at the customer’s

premises.

uni|MS™ Unified Management Suite, for manage the WiBAS™ network.


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LTE Backhauling

Marketrequirements

The transition to the LTE era is expected to complete in the upcoming years,

since most mobile operators plan to maintain their existing GSM / UMTSinfrastructure for quite some time. The last mile is about to be dominated by aflat, carrier Ethernet network with legacy traffic support to support backwardcompatibility.

Applicationschematic

Fig. 1 LTE backhaul application schematic

Description WiBAS™ can provide last-mile connectivity while performing intense trafficaggregation. In metro areas, where mobile subscriber density is very high,last-hop connections can optimally be established with WiBAS™ backhaul.

A rich features set is available, including:

• Aggregation of LTE traffic from multiple sites in urban areas.

• Over-the-air traffic prioritization based on VLAN / priority bit / DSCP witheight priority classes for end-to-end QoS.

• Exchange of any signalling information (3GPP R.10 x 2 interfaces) amongthe connected LTE cells (only 2 hops needed).

• Low end-to-end latency and high user data privacy to meet the stringentLTE requirements.

• Legacy traffic (E1 TDM / ATM) support for migrating from mixed RAN toLTE sites.

• Synchronous Ethernet support.


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8

Small Cell Backhaul

Marketrequirements

Small cells are expected to dominate the mobile network evolution towards4G. Intracom Telecom proposes a synergistic solution for small-cell

backhauling, which primarily can be established with WiBAS, and extendfurther with the utilization of E-Band PtP backhaul technology (60 GHz).These technologies have similar performance characteristics and are bothvery attractive from a techno-economical perspective.


Fig. 2 Small-cell application schematic

Description “Technology synergies, co-jointly with a “smart” network planning approach,can overcome the LOS constraint and constitute a generalized and efficientsolution for small-cell backhaul applications”.Selecting PtMP as the primary small-cell backhaul technology, the entiremacro region can be covered by a single base station, strategically placed atthe aggregation point. In real networks, a careful deployment of the PtMPbase station can achieve LOS visibility to the majority of the desired small-celllocations, typically at a percentage of 50% to 70%. Anyway, the expectedsmall-cell footprint range from 100 m to 300 m, which, from the radio planningperspective, provides some flexibility with regard to the selection of theappropriate location (lamp post or building), i.e. flexibility that could satisfy theLOS backhaul condition.Main advantages of a quad-sector PtMP system are: i) Single-hop approach,ii) High scalability (several small cells per base station), iii) High reliability

(protection at the Base Station), iv) Minimum footprint at the aggregationpoint, vi) Less operation and maintenance costs. New PtMP terminal, that isabout to serve a small cell, can be deployed without visiting the PtMP basestation.Deploying LOS backhaul for small cells heavily depends on the networkdesign flexibility. When direct sight with the PtMP BS is impossible, thereexist additional connection points with existing backhaul infrastructure, i.e. thesurrounding macro cells, or the adjacent small cells. Where a LOS condition,between a small cell and the overlaying macro cell, can be achieved, the 60GHz unlicensed PtP system Ultralink-t60, available by Intracom Telecom, isan excellent choice offering minimum incurring costs and zero spectrum fees.


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10

Broadband Access for Business Customers

Marketrequirements

Enterprises, banks, agencies and other high-end customers need to connectthrough robust and high bit rate connections, either to the Internet or to their

remote offices.


Fig. 4 Broadband Access for Business Customers application schematic

Description The WiBAS™ system provides broadband IP services, via Ethernet interfacesthat can be used by corporations for:

• Broadband Internet access

• Broadband Virtual Private Networks (Packet-switched Leased Lines)• WiBAS™ employs all the necessary mechanisms to provide guaranteed QoS

to end-users and enable the operators to offer SLAs.

Intra-switchcapability

The WiBAS™ system supports the intra-switch capability with which operatorsare able to direct TDM/ ATM/ Ethernet traffic from one Terminal Station toanother within the same WiBAS™ cell sector. This feature allows the saving ofbackbone network resources. Also, core network intelligence is not involvedwhen two Terminal Stations communicate with each other.


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WiMAX Backhauling

Marketrequirements

Mobile network operators prefer building their own backhaul networks to

leasing network capacity.With the emergence of WiMAX networks and the ever-increasing networktraffic, point-to-multipoint broadband backhauling systems represent acompelling solution for the access and transmission networks oftelecommunications.


Fig. 5 WiMAX backhaul application schematic

Description WiBAS™ provides a robust, high-performance and comprehensive backhaulingsolution, which can also be leveraged to provide access services to largeenterprises, and create new revenue streams for the operators.

The system seamlessly integrates with WiMAX networks, addressing theparticular needs of mobile networks and providing a future-proof solution for areliable and cost-effective access and transmission network.


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12

Voice Services with VoIP Telephony

Marketrequirements

Business customers need low-cost, flexible, toll-quality telephony services.


Fig. 6 Voice Services with VoIP Telephony application schematic

Description The WiBAS™ solution for voice services combines all necessary elementstogether: QoS-enabled access and transmission system, call routingequipment, gateway to the PSTN, customer equipment, management andbilling systems.

In the preceding schematic:

• IP-PBX enables corporations to manage their own private network

• Soft Switch routes calls to remote VoIP users

• Gateway enables connectivity with the public telephone network


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Legacy Access for Business Customers

Marketrequirements

Due to the large installed base of TDM network equipment and the

proliferation of E1 lines in virtually any existing networks, the support forlegacy technologies in the access network is still as important as ever.


Fig. 7 Legacy Access for Business Customers application schematic

Description The WiBAS™ system can be leveraged to provide TDM connections for:

• PBX connections

• Leased Lines

WiBAS™ relays full or fractional E1 lines with great efficiency, effectivelyproviding a great alternative for PBX connections and Leased Lines toexpensive wireline solutions.


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Broadband Access Networks Backhauling

Marketrequirements

Wireless networks are much more inexpensive and faster to build than landlinenetworks. Building high-capacity cost-effective backhauling networks is a

prerequisite for the profitable operation of truly broadband services.


Fig. 8 Broadband Access Networks Backhauling application schematic

Description WiBAS™ extends the reach of broadband technologies, such as Wi-Fi, WiMAXand xDSL.

The system seamlessly integrates with existing network infrastructure and canbe leveraged to simultaneously provide broadband access services to high-end business customers.


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3 WiBAS Network Architecture

Overview A WiBAS™ network is based on a Point-to-Multi-Point (PtMP) architecture with

cell sectorization. A cell is a geographical area covered by a WiBAS™ systemincorporating a Base Station (BS), at the centre of the cell, and severalTerminal Stations (TS) scattered within the cell, as shown below:

Fig. 9 PtMP Architecture



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Chapter: 3 WiBAS Network Architecture

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WiBAS Network Architecture, Continued

Typical

WiBAS™™™™

architecture

A WiBAS™ cell is physically divided into – usually two or four – sectors andserved by the Base station Radio System (BRS), the outdoor part of the BS.

The BRS controls the radio links, between the BS and the scattered TS andcommunicates with the outdoor part of each TS, the Terminal station RadioSystems (TRS).

The indoor part of the BS (i.e. WiBAS™ -C), aggregates traffic from all TSand provides the network interfaces to the backbone. The MSAD (Multi-Service Access Device), the indoor part of the TS, provides the userinterfaces.

All WiBAS™ network elements, for as many systems, may be configured,controlled and monitored remotely through advanced Network Management

System (uni|MS™)(1).

The schematic below depicts a typical WiBAS™ cell composed of a foursectored Base Station serving several scattered Terminal Stations.

The Base Station aggregates and processes legacy TDM/ ATM andpacketized traffic from all served sites, and forwards it to the core network,always preserving end-to-end Quality of Service.

Fig. 10 WiBAS™™™™ Architecture


(1) Refer to uni | MS ™ System Description document for detailed information about uni |MS™.


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WiBAS Network Architecture, Continued

End-to-endnetworkinterconnection

The following schematic depicts the components and the end-to-end network

interconnection for a WiBAS™

system:

Fig. 11 WiBAS™™™™ End-to-End Network Interconnection

BS composition The BS comes in split form and comprises the components that thefollowing table shows.

BS Component Description

WiBAS™™™™ -C (Compact Base

Station subrack)

Base Station indoor subrack variants.

Applying system control.

Incorporating the baseband modems, andimplementing the aggregation and switchingoperations. Also, providing the network interfaces.

BRS (Base stationRadio System)

Incorporates the radio transceivers and the sectorantennas, for one or more sectors.

TS composition The TS comes in two types; In Split-Mount and in Full Outdoor. Thefollowing table shows the components that each type is consisted of..

Type TS Component Description

MSAD (Multi-ServiceAccess Device)

Applies TRS control.Includes the baseband modem andprovides the user interfacesSplit-Mount

TRS (Terminal stationRadio System)

Incorporates the radio transceiverand integrated or external antenna.

Full OutdoorFOTS (Full OutdoorTerminal Station)

Includes baseband modem, providesthe user interfaces and incorporatesthe radio transceiver, all from thesame box.


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Chapter: 4 Equipment Description of WiBASTM Base Station

18

4 Equipment Description of WiBASTM Base Station

Introduction This chapter describes in detail the equipment of WiBAS™ Base Station:

• Indoor equipment of the WiBAS

™ BS (WiBAS

™ -C subrack)

• Outdoor equipment of the WiBAS™ BS (Base Station Radio System - BRS)

4.1 WiBASTM-C Subrack

WiBAS-C Overview

Description WiBAS™ -C is a PtMP Base Station subrack variant that combines thecompact size with industry-leading performance. It addresses the operatorneed for a traffic aggregation solution in low-density environments that iscost-effective, technologically-advanced and easy to implement.

With a compact 1 RU design, WiBAS™ -C indoor subrack offers PtMP

features for Ethernet, TDM and ATM applications. WiBAS™ -C is capable ofserving multiple terminal stations with assured QoS, while it can beconfigured for single-sector or dual-sector operation, as follows:

• Single-sector, unprotected (1+0)

• Single-sector, protected (1+1)

• Dual-sector, unprotected (2+0)• Dual-sector, protected (2+2)

• Four sector, unprotected (4+0)

The following photo shows the WiBAS™ -C subrack configured as aprotected dual-sector (2+2) or unprotected four sector (4+0) Base Station:

Fig. 12 WiBAS™™™™ -C

WiBAS™ -C provides all the required WAN interfaces toward the transportnetwork. It is used to aggregate IP, TDM and even ATM traffic from all

Terminal Stations and connect to the backbone network. WiBAS™ -Cincludes the baseband modems (up to four, in protected or unprotectedmode), the control logic for the whole system and the WAN networkinterfaces.



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WiBAS-C External Units

WiBAS™™™™ -CP32E1

WiBAS™ -C P32E1is an external 1 RU subrack that provides up to 32balanced (120 ohm) E1 backhaul interfaces at RJ-45 receptacles.

WiBAS™ -C P32E1 is connected to the WiBAS™ -C through twointerconnection cables, each terminated to HD-68 connectors at both ends.

Fig. 14 WiBAS™™™™ -C P32E1

CONV-PAN-IDC-BNC

Conversion Panel 120 Ω / 75 Ω accommodating:

• 1 x IDC 68 pin male receptacle featuring 16 x balanced (120 Ω) E1 inputs.

• 16 x BNC receptacle pairs featuring 16 x unbalanced (75 Ω) E1 outputs.

Fig. 15 CONV-PAN-IDC-BNC

OmniWAY-2G OmniWAY-2G is an extrnal 1 RU subrack capable of providing legacy STM-1(VC-12/4) uplink interfaces, instead of the E1 ones provided directly by theWiBAS™ -C.

Fig. 16 OmniWAY-2G



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WiBAS-C External Units, Continued

OmniWAY-2G(continued)

The following connectivity example depicts the interconnection of the

OmniWAY-2G with one WiBAS™ -C Base Station subrack, for forwarding cellsector traffic toward the core network.

The link C refers to GbE interconnection link between the WiBAS™ -Csubrack and OmniWAY-2G.

The links A1, A2 refer to a protected (1+1) STM-1 / VC-12 or VC-4 linktoward the SDH network for backhauling legacy TDM traffic from theWiBAS™-C Base Station.

Finally, the link D refers to GbE interconnection link between the WiBAS™-Csubrack and the Ethernet / IP / MPLS network for backhauling Ethernettraffic.

Fig. 17 OmniWAY-2G - WiBAS™™™™ -C Base Station interconnection schematic

Item Description

1 Fan module, for protecting the housed electronics againstoverheating.

2 GbE traffic interfaces (electrical or optical).

3 Optical SDH Interfaces:

2 x STM-1 (VC-4) in 1+0 and 2+0 configurations (3A)

4 x STM-1 (VC-12) in 2+0, 1+1, 2+2 configuration (3B)

4 Fast Ethernet interface, for outband management.

5 DC power input.

6 I/O port, for external alarms.

7 Sync IN/OUT reference timing ports.

8 Serial RS-232, for local management.



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4.2 Base Station Radio System - BRS

BRS Overview

Description The BRS is an optimally designed radio system for excellent wirelesscoverage, discrete deployments, fast installation, and low-cost maintenance.

The system consists of the following sub-units:

• Base station Radio Box (BRB)

• Base station Radio Antenna (BRA)

The following picture shows a BRB together with a High-Gain BRA at 26/ 28GHz mounted on a mast:

Fig. 18 BRB with High-Gain BRA 26/ 28 GHz mounted on a mast

The number of BRB/ BRA sub-units to install depends on the number ofsector areas to be covered by the BS. For a BS covering n sector areas in

the cell sector, the BRS outdoor unit is composed of n x BRB sub-units, n xBRA sub-units, and n x IF coaxial cables.

Key features • Very high-gain, compact, lightweight, sectorized radio and antenna

• Multiple antenna options, with both vertical & horizontal polarizations

• Single coaxial cable for interconnecting data, power and management withthe indoor equipment; the BRS is fully manageable

• Pole or wall mounted

• Optimized mounting bracket for easy installation and alignment retention

for hassle-free replacement

• Pressure die cast aluminium structure for maximum endurance andminimum maintenance costs



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BRS Overview, Continued

Management &control

Through the service channel, provided by the IF interconnection cable, the

BRS can be fully managed/ controlled both locally, by an LCT application,and remotely by the uni|ms Network Management System.

The management and control features include:

• Alarms monitoring

• Statistics (temperature, Tx power)

• RF configuration (Tx power, Tx/ Rx frequencies)

• Software upgrading

Base Station Radio Box (BRB)

Description BRB is a powerful full-duplex radio transceiver of particularly small size andweight (approx. 2.5 kg). Further, BRB is environmentally hardened toguarantee quality operation under all conditions.

BRB’s case meets IP55 requirements, is very rigid and is made of pressuredie cast aluminium. It is suitable for mounting on a wall or mast, through thesupplied mounting bracket (see below picture).

Fig. 19 BRB 10.5 GHZ mounted on a mast, through mounting bracket

The setup requires minimum effort, as the unit is self-programmable.

All the needed accessories are included in the delivered packages; four BRBboxes can be installed on the same pole (with back-to-back configuration),occupying minimum space by utilizing the supplied mounting accessories.

Connectionreceptacles

Externally, the BRB sub-unit features the following connection receptacles:

• Female F-Type (or optional N-Type) receptacle, to connect the IF coaxial

cable coming from the Modem Card of the WiBAS™ -C subrack.• Waveguide flange (BRA antenna interface) (in case of 26/ 28 GHz BRB)• Female N-Type or SMA receptacle, to connect the RF coaxial cable coming

from the antenna (BRA) (in case of 10.5 GHz BRB).



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Base Station Radio Box (BRB), Continued

Extra BRBfeatures

In addition, the BRB case features:

• Mounting bracket with minimum number of screws and orientation retention

• M4 threaded hole, with pre-installed M4 ring terminal for terminating thegrounding cable.

• Transportation handle.

• Mounting holes for vertical and horizontal polarization, with orientationdesignation.

Interconnectionwith the indoorunit

Connection of the BRB with a Modem Card of the WiBAS™-C subrack isrealized via a coaxial cable, for carrying the required signals (Tx IF, Rx IF,the service channel and the BRB’s power supply) in multiplexed form.


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Base Station Radio Antenna (BRA), Continued

10.5 GHz BRA BRA at 10.5 GHz is a small-size sector antenna connected to the BRBthrough a coaxial cable, for carrying the RF signal. This cable is terminatedto a male N-Type or SMA connector (BRB side) and to an N-Type connector(BRA side).

For multi-sectored Base Station configurations, appropriate mechanicalsupports are utilized, for mounting all the sector antennas on the same pole(and at the same height), where installation space is at a premium.

The following photo shows a 10.5 GHz Base Station Radio Antenna (BRA):

Fig. 22 BRA 10.5 GHz High Gain

See also Appendix B - Antenna Characteristics , on page 106 for the

technical specifications of the available Base Station Antennas at 10.5 GHz.


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27

Extended BRS

Extended BRS addresses the operator need for wide cell sector coverage (360o

and 180

o

) or longer ranges through dedicated links.Extended BRS at 10.5 GHz is composed of a 4-way or 2-way microwavesplitter connected to BRB through coaxial cable for driving up to four or twoantennas through equal in number coaxial cables.

Extended BRS at 26/ 28 GHz is composed of a 4-way or 2-way microwavesplitter attached at the back of the BRB for driving up to four or two antennasthrough equal in number waveguides. The following schematic shows anindicative extended BRS at 26/ 28 GHz that is composed of 4-way microwavesplitter attached to BRB.

Fig. 23 Extended BRS 26/28 GHz

Extended BRS can be implemented either through four or two sectoralantennas for 360o or 180o cell sector coverage respectively, or through four ortwo directional antennas for communicating with equal in number distant sites.

For instance, four sectoral antennas can be connected to a 4-way splitter tocover a 360° Geographical area, using only a single modem. In this case, thesector capacity (throughput) will be distributed to the whole area.

Also, the directional antennas can point toward Terminal Station sites notpreviously reached through sector Base Station antennas.

Another benefit of the Extended sites not previously reached through sectorBase BRS solution is that the interferences are very low in levels achieved byPtP links.

Fig. 24 Extended BRS coverage


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Chapter: 5 Equipment Description of WiBASTM Terminal Stations

28

5 Equipment Description of WiBASTM Terminal Stations

Introduction This chapter describes in detail the equipment of WiBAS™ Terminal Station.

There are 2 types of Terminal Stations:• Split-Mount Terminal Station

• Full Outdoor Terminal Station

The Split-Mount Terminal Station is consisted of the following pats:

• Indoor equipment of the WiBAS™ TS (MSAD Subrack)

• Outdoor equipment of the WiBAS™ TS (Terminal Station Radio System(TRS) Overview)


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5.1 Split-Mount Terminal Station

MSAD Subrack

Description The MSAD is an advanced network device that can perfectly meet all accessrequirements at a service location for a large number of differentapplications.

The MSAD’s role is to control the TRS, implement the baseband modem,and provide the user network interfaces. With the support of highlydeveloped interworking mechanisms and sophisticated QoS features, itstands for a comprehensive gateway, addressing the needs of demandinghigh-end customers.

The MSAD is a 1 RU ETSI 19” subrack suitable for desktop, wall or rackmounting.

The case is environmentally and temperature hardened and is made ofpressure die cast aluminium.

No movable mechanical parts (i.e. fans) are employed for cooling, as theyturn out to be unreliable and prone to failures. Instead, passive cooling isemployed, a technique that also provides outstanding mechanical reliability.

All connection receptacles are accessible from the front panel.

The following photo shows an MSAD subrack:

Fig. 25 MSAD

Key features • Full-duplex FDD operation• Up to 256 QAM• Static LAG

• RSTP• Full QoS support

• Up to 138 Mbps net E1 L1 throughput on a single 28 MHz channel• AC and DC versions available

• Case designed to effectively dissipate heat – no fans used for cooling



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30

MSAD Subrack, Continued

Front PanelDescription

The front panel of an MSAD is shown in Figure 26 (in this example theMSADe-4ETH-8E1DC):

Fig. 26 MSAD Front Panel

Element Description

1 IF Cable input.

2 E1 Interfaces 120Ω.

3 Fast Ethernet traffic interfaces.

4 Fast Ethernet interface, for local management.

5 Serial RS-232, for local management.

6 Synchronization output 2048 MHz.

7 Reset Button.

8 Reserved for future use.

9 DC power input.

MSAD models In the following table are shown the available MSAD models which can beprovided with AC or DC-input power supply.

Number of I/FsPicture MSAD Model

ETH E1 / G703

MSADe-4ETH-8E1 4 8

MSADe-4ETH 4 –

MSADa-2ETH(1)

2 –

MSADa-1ETH(1)

1 –

(1) Limited availability. Applicable up to 64QAM


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Terminal Station Radio System (TRS) Overview

Description The TRS is an optimally designed radio system for superior RF performance,

discreet deployments, fast installation, and low-cost maintenance. The setupof TRB requires minimum effort, as the unit is self-programmable and also,all the needed accessories are included in the delivered packaging

Picture Description

26/ 28 GHz TRS is consisted of thefollowing sub-units:

• Terminal station Radio Box (TRB)

• Terminal station Radio Antenna (TRA)

The picture on the left shows a 26/ 28 GHzTRS composed of TRB and TRA, installed

on the mast via the mounting bracket.10.5 GHz TRS is consisted of the followingsub-units:

• Terminal station Radio Box (TRB), with orwithout integrated antenna

• Optional, external Terminal station RadioAntenna (TRA).

The 10.5 GHz TRB with integrated TRAtakes minimum space and can be handledas a single unit, lowering installation and

transportation costs.The picture on cthe left shows a 10.5 GHzTRS composed of TRB with integratedantenna, installed on the mast via themounting bracket.

Key features • Very high-gain, compact, lightweight radio and antenna

• Integrated antenna inside the radio box for lower costs in case of 10.5 GHz

• Multiple options for external antennas in special cases

• Single coaxial cable for interconnecting data, power and management withthe indoor equipment. TRS is fully manageable

• Pole or wall mounted

• Optimized mounting bracket for easy installation and alignment retentionfor hassle-free replacement

• Pressure die cast aluminum structure for maximum endurance andminimum maintenance costs

• Audio-aided antenna alignment for easy and fast optimal installation



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32

Terminal Station Radio System (TRS) Overview, Continued

Management &control

Through the service channel, provided by the IF interconnection cable, theTRS can be fully managed/ controlled both locally, by an LCT application,

and remotely by the NMS.

The management and control features include:

• Alarms monitoring

• Statistics (temperature, Tx power)

• RF configuration (Tx power, Tx/ Rx frequencies)

• Software upgrading


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Terminal Station Radio Box (TRB)

Description TRB is a powerful full-duplex radio transceiver of particularly small size and

weight. Further, it is environmentally hardened to guarantee quality operationunder all conditions. TRB’s case meets IP55 requirements, is very rigid andis made of pressure die cast aluminium. Also, it is suitable for mounting on awall or mast, through a mounting bracket.

Connectionreceptacles

Externally, the TRB sub-unit features the following connection receptacles:

• Female F-Type (or optional N-Type) receptacle, to connect the coaxialcable coming from the indoor unit (MSAD)

• Waveguide flange (TRA antenna interface) (in case of 26/ 28 GHz BRB)• Female N-Type or SMA receptacle(1), to connect the RF coaxial cable

coming from the 10.5 GHz external antenna, if any• Weather-protected audio jack 3.5 mm, female, to connect the headset for

antenna alignment purposes

Extra TRBfeatures

In addition, the TRB case features:

• Mounting bracket with minimum number of screws and orientation retention• M4 threaded hole, with pre-installed M4 ring terminal for terminating the

grounding cable

• Transportation handle• Mounting holes for vertical and horizontal polarization, with orientation

designation

Interconnectionwith the indoorunit (MSAD)

Connection of the TRB with the indoor unit (MSAD) is realized via a coaxialcable, for carrying the required signals (Tx IF, Rx IF, the service channel andthe TRB’s power supply) in multiplexed form.

Installation/alignment

Regarding the TRB with external TRA antenna, a coaxial cable length(2) isused to connect the TRB with the external antenna, for carrying the RFsignal. In this case, the alignment procedure concerns the antenna itself and

not the TRB (and its mechanical support).Regarding the 10.5 GHz TRB with integrated antenna, the alignment of theantenna is carried out with the use of headset indicating the optimumantenna pointing. Additionally, the mounting bracket is specially designed tohold its orientation when 10.5 GHz TRB needs to be replaced. In this case,readjustment of its orientation will not be needed.

(1) Only used in 10.5 GHz TRB with externally connected antenna.

(2) Terminated to male SMA or N-Type connectors (at both sides). For 10.5 GHz WiBAS™ system, anadditional W/G-to-SMA adapter is required for fitting the coaxial cable on the TRA antenna.


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34

Terminal Station Radio Antenna (TRA)

26/ 28 GHz TRA 26/ 28 GHz TRA is a parabolic antenna attached to the TRB through awell-protected flange, with no external adapters, cables, or waveguides in

between. This results in better performance and reliability, since there are nointerconnection losses and no sensitive material needs to be exposed toextreme environmental conditions for a long time.

Further, a 26/ 28 GHz TRB attached to a TRA occupies minimum space andcan be handled as a single unit, lowering installation and transportationcosts.

The following photo shows a 28 GHz Terminal Station Radio Antenna (TRA)installed on the mast together with the a 28 GHz TRB:

Fig. 27 TRA 26/28 GHz

See also Appendix B - Antenna Characteristics , on page 106 for the

technical specifications of the available Terminal Station Antennas.

10.5 GHz TRA 10.5 GHz TRA can be an integrated or an external antenna. The followingphoto shows a 10.5 GHz integrated antenna installed on the mast:

Fig. 28 TRA 10.5 GHz

The external antenna is used in case a higher-gain antenna is required.

See also Appendix B - Antenna Characteristics , on page 106 for thetechnical specifications of the available Terminal Station Antennas.


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5.2 Full Outdoor Terminal Station

Full Outdoor Terminal Station Description

Overview The all-outdoor WiBAS™ Terminal Station perfectly suits the operator needsfor zero-footprint installations in service locations requiring cost-effective andrapidly implemented 3G / 4G backhaul or high-end access. Operating in the10.5 / 26 / 28 GHz bands, this all-outdoor solution employs state-of-the-artPoint-to-MultiPoint (PtMP) technology and combines sophisticated QoSfeatures and robust performance with a highly efficient operation. Theelectronics – baseband unit / modem / controller and radio circuitry – are allsecurely accommodated in a lightweight, environmentally-hardened housingthat is directly coupled to the antenna. Operating power is provided over theelectrical Ethernet interfaces (Power over Ethernet).

Key Features • Up to section capacity: 157 Mbit/s peak rate

• GbE Interface for Telecom Equipment

• External or Integrated Antenna

• Compact & Lightweight, 4.1 Kg

• Power Over Ethernet (PoE)


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Chapter: 6 Functional Description

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6 Functional Description

Introduction This chapter describes some of the inherent functionalities of WiBAS™ – CSystem.

Those functionalities are:

• Statistical Multiplexing

• Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

• Sector Protection Mechanism

• Air Scheduling

• Ethernet QoS

• TR3C Policing Mechanism

• Security Features


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Statistical Multiplexing

Overview WiBAS™ brings to operators the benefits of statistical multiplexing for

exploiting the system’s available capacity at the maximum.Instead of dedicating fixed bandwidths for the several downlink wirelessconnections (see schematic below, A), a single, wide-bandwidth pipe is used(B) to serve the instantaneous capacity demands. This way, the excessivesystem capacity can be used for other users and applications.

Fig. 29 Statistical Multiplexing


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38

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

Overview Within a WiBAS™ PtMP network, each served Terminal Station isguaranteed a minimum bandwidth, while peak capacity (per sector) has been

calculated during the radio network planning.

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) efficiently addresses the peak

demands that occur randomly in the WiBAS™ network (see the schematicbelow). Excessive bandwidth demands (A1) are served in real time by anavailable capacity pool (B2). This pool is shared among those TerminalStations that really need bandwidth beyond their predefined guaranteedvalue.

The DBA mechanism of WiBAS™ is especially important in mobile 3Gnetworks where traffic demands may greatly vary over time.

Fig. 30 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA)


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Sector Protection Mechanism

Introduction A very important key feature of WiBAS™ is the Sector Protection

functionality. WiBAS™ supports both 1:1 and 1+1 sector protection schemes.The cases that lead to a TS loss of service due to sector failure, arepresented below:

• Hardware or software problem in the working BRB.

• Disconnection between of the working BRB and the associated PtMPmodem card.

• Faulty PtMP modem card.

• Sector antenna fault that leads to the loss of connection between the BaseStation and all configured Terminal Stations.

• User initiated switchover command.

1+1 Sectorprotection

In the 1+1 protection scheme, one WiBAS™ PtMP modem/ BRB subsystemis working and another PtMP modem/ BRB subsystem is in standby mode.Both subsystems are configured in the same way with the same connectionparameters and both are transmitting at the same frequency.

Fig. 31 1+1 Sector Protection

The working subsystem is considered as the default subsystem for allprocessing related to a single sector.

The WiBAS™-C control card constantly monitors the operation of the workingsubsystem and initiates a switchover operation to the standby subsystem assoon as it detects a connection failure (see list above).

After the switchover the standby subsystem takes control. Since the newactive sector has the same frequency with the TS the downtime is minimizedand all the TSs automatically get re-attached without the need for a newranging process.



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40

Sector Protection Mechanism, Continued

1:1 Sectorprotection

In the 1:1 protection scheme, two WiBAS™ PtMP modems/ BRB subsystemsare working in parallel and in different frequencies handling the sector traffic.

When any new connection is added to the network, its guaranteed rate iscalculated and reserved at both subsystems. In this way if one of them fails,the other will have the capacity to support the total guaranteed rates of all theconnections. All TS have a frequency list that contains 2 frequencies: thepreferred subsystem frequency and the protected subsystem frequency.

The WiBAS™ -C control card constantly monitors the operation of both sub-systems and initiates a switchover operation as soon as it detects connectionfailure in any of the subsystems.

Fig. 32 1:1 Sector Protection

The process of the system switchover incorporates the following steps:

• When a TS has no link to the subsystem after a number of retries toreconnect, it will use the second frequency of its frequency list.

• Failed TSs are pre-programmed to automatically scan to the active BRBfrequency

• The TSs will start re-registering to active subsystem sequentially one byone.

• Information on the PHY parameters of the failed links (DL /UL modulationformats, SNRs etc) are re-evaluated from the new subsystem controller.

• TS’s connection parameters like QoS / VLANs are re-established at theactive subsystem

After the switchover on both BS and TS, the guaranteed bit rates of allconnections are maintained and the remaining (non-guaranteed) sectorcapacity is shared among all connections in a priority-based, best-effortmanner.


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Air Scheduling

Introduction The WiBAS™ uplink scheduler undertakes the task of allocating bandwidth toTerminal Stations (MSADs) for transmitting data over the uplink channel,upon received bandwidth requests by the MSAD. It is designed in order tomaximize the throughput while maintain fairness and adhere to QoSguarantees. In both downlink and uplink, data is transmitted in bursts, withinthe fixed duration that defines one frame.

The Uplink Scheduling Scheme is shown below:

Fig. 33 Uplink Scheduling Scheme

The mode of Uplink Scheduling Scheme depends on the type traffic sendthrough the link. Therefore:

• For Ethernet traffic, a Packet Scheduler operates before the Air schedulerand it schedules based on various classifiers using a selectable priorityscheme.

• For TDM and ΑΤΜ traffic, only the Air scheduler is used.

Schedulingdelay

The bandwidth requests sent by the MSADs to inform the Base Station oftheir queue status are not instantaneously available to the Base Stationscheduler. As a result, the Base Station scheduler has a delayed view ofthe MSADs’ queues and bases its scheduling on that view which is delayedby three frames. However, in actual traffic measurements, this delay willonly be observed in cases of near-congestion.When the channel is not congested the BS scheduler allocates morebandwidth to the MSADs than they request to reduce the delay of newpackets that may arrive during the scheduling delay.

Real-time delay Real time (rtPS) connections feature a maximum transfer delay parameter.In case that such a connection is idle for a period, depending on themaximum transfer delay, the Base Station will do a periodical polling byallocating a small amount of bandwidth to allow bandwidth requests fromthe MSAD. This ensures that the MSAD can send a bandwidth request intime for such a connection to be served within its delay requirements whenit becomes active.



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42

Air Scheduling, Continued

Fairness Fairness is achieved by fractional scheduling. This means that any queues thatcontend for bandwidth (i.e. have the same priority) and whose total bandwidth

exceeds the available bandwidth, will receive bandwidth proportionally to theirrequired bandwidth. (1) The fairness algorithm attempts to achieve fairness on the allocated transferbandwidth instead of the physical resource, which may vary according to theMSAD’s physical mode.

QoS types &priorities

A QoS type, a QoS profile and some extra parameters, which are specific to theQoS type (e.g. Max Rate, Guaranteed Rate, etc) are assigned to each dataconnection.The Base Station air scheduler supports the following QoS types, listed fromhighest to lowest priority:

1. Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS). UGS connections are defined by theirmaximum traffic rate. The scheduler will always grant dedicated bandwidthto the connection equal to the specified rate, regardless of whether thebandwidth is actually utilized.

2. real-time Polling Service (rtPS). rtPS connections are defined by amaximum traffic rate, a guaranteed traffic rate and a maximum transferdelay. The scheduler will grant to the connection high-priority bandwidthup to the guaranteed rate, but only while the connection is active (i.e. haspackets in its queue). If the connection requires bandwidth in excess ofthe guaranteed rate, the scheduler will either drop it, treat it as best effortup to the maximum rate dropping anything that exceeds the maximum rateor treat it as best effort (ignoring the maximum rate) depending on theQoS profile.

3. non real-time Polling Service (nrtPS). nrtPS connections are defined bya maximum traffic rate and a guaranteed traffic rate. Similar to rtPSconnections, the scheduler will grant high-priority bandwidth up to theguaranteed rate, but will not poll the MSAD for bandwidth requests. If theconnection requires bandwidth beyond the guaranteed rate the schedulerwill behave as in the rtPS case.

4. Best Effort (BE). BE connections are defined by a maximum traffic rate.They are allotted the lowest priority. The scheduler may restrict thebandwidth allocated to BE connections to the defined maximum rate ornot, depending on the connection’s profile.

5. Best Effort (BE+) with guaranteed rate. BE connections with guaranteedrate are defined by a given guaranteed minimum traffic rate.

The scheduler follows strict priorities when scheduling data connections. Thismeans that in order to allocate bandwidth to lower-priority connections, thequeues of higher-priority connections must be fully served. For example, ifguaranteed traffic of rtPS, nrtPS and UGS connections takes up the entirechannel bandwidth BE traffic will not be served until the guaranteed portion of thetraffic is fully served.

(1) The queue length is used as a measure of the required bandwidth.


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Uplink AirScheduler

The uplink air scheduling is performed at every frame by the Base Stationand the resulting allocation concerns a single frame. The bandwidthallocation for the uplink is send to the MSADs in a specific field within thedownlink frame.

The schematic below illustrates the WiBAS™ uplink scheduler.

BSSCHEDULER

Uplink allocations

AIRLOCAL

SCHEDULER

MSAD 1

Actual

QueuesBurst allocation

for MSAD 1

Transmission of

Packets and BWrequests for

queues

q1

q2

q3

BS receives BW

requests and

updates its tables

MSAD 2

MSAD 3

Virtual

Queues

Fig. 34 WiBAS™™™™ Uplink Scheduler

The uplink scheduling is performed on a per-connection basis, where eachMSAD can have multiple connections and on each connection can beassigned different QoS types (UGS, rtPS, nrtPS, Best Effort (BE) or BestEffort Service (BE+) with guaranteed rate). Each restriction that has a per-connection QoS is kept and fairness is maintained among the connectionswith the same QoS type. The scheduler also adopts fixed priorities based onthe QoS type.

To achieve a per-connection QoS-based scheduling, the WiBAS™ BaseStation (BS) is keeping track the queue status for all active connections ofevery connected MSAD. This is achieved by building virtual queues, throughbandwidth requests sent by the MSADs to the Base Station with each virtualqueue being a mirror of a correspondence MSAD queue. However, the BaseStation, which can has a minimum guaranteed traffic (the equivalent of UBR+in the ATM world), allocates bandwidth to each MSAD as a whole instead ofallocating bandwidth to each specific connection.



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44


Uplink Air Scheduler (continued)

As a result, the uplink air scheduling is performed in two stages by two

schedulers: one located in WiBAS™-C Base Station and the other in theMSAD (Terminal Station).

• At the first stage, called Base Station air scheduler, the Base Stationallocates bandwidth to each MSAD connected to the system, based on thetotal bandwidth requested by the MSADs. The Base Station scheduler, viauplink bandwidth requests, knows the length of the queues for all MSADsas well as their QoS. So at each air frame, it allocates bandwidth to eachMSAD which is further allocated to the 16 uplink queues from the MSADlocal scheduler.

• At the second stage, called local scheduler, each MSAD allocates thebandwidth granted to it by the Base Station to its connections. Each MSADsupports 16 queues which are given bandwidth from the MSAD localscheduler based on the QoS of each queue and the bandwidth allocatedfrom Base Station.

PacketScheduler

For Ethernet traffic a Packet Scheduler operates before the air scheduler andit schedules based on VLAN TAG P-bits (or DSCP bits) using a selectablepriority scheme. Packet scheduler is used for each Air connection opened forETH flows. Packet scheduler is located in MSAD (Terminal Station) while air

scheduling is running at both Base Station and Terminal Station.

Fig. 35 WiBAS™™™™ Packet Scheduler

Packet scheduler supports 8 queues where Ethernet frames are stored fromthe Classifier which is based on the VLAN TAG P-bits of the Ethernet frame(or the DSCP bits). Multi-queue priority block selects from the queues basedon its programmed priority scheme and forwards ETH traffic to a specific AirScheduler UL queue. This UL queue is scheduled from the Uplink AirScheduler based on Air QoS. Multi-queue priority block supports thefollowing scheduling schemes:

• 8 Strict Priorities

• 8 Mixed Priorities: 0-3 Strict, 4-7 WFQ



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Base StationAir Scheduler

In order to allocate bandwidth to the MSADs, the Base Station initiallydetermines the bandwidth that should be allocated to each connection,based on the data kept on the MSAD queues, and reserves it from theavailable bandwidth of the channel.A strict priority order is kept in serving the connections, based on the QoStype. Thus, in case the available bandwidth is exceeded, connections withhigher priority maintain their guaranteed portion of the channel bandwidth.Among connections of the same priority fairness is maintained. Finally, thebandwidth reserved for all connections of an MSAD is aggregated andallocated to it as a whole.

MSAD (Local)

Scheduler

The MSAD (local) scheduler runs, as it is denoted, on the MSAD and

distributes the bandwidth allocated to it by the BS to its connections.Similar to the BS air scheduler, the MSAD local scheduler respects any QoSrestrictions on its connections and maintains fairness in the case that thetotal required bandwidth exceeds its allocated bandwidth.In a way, the MSAD local scheduler is a scaled-down version of the BS airscheduler.

DownlinkScheduling

On the downlink path the data follow the reverse process that is described inthe previous paragraphs. Ethernet traffic is processed by a packet schedulerexhibiting the same capabilities as those of the UL one with the 8 priorityqueues and TR3C Policing Mechanism. In addition the DL packet scheduler

is capable of manipulating double tags supporting effectively Q-in-Qfunctionality.A main difference on the downlink direction is that the air cells are forwardedthrough a cell shaper & scheduler that applies the QoS requirements of eachconnection. (UGS, RTPS, nRTPS, BE, BE+)”


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TR3C Policing Mechanism

PolicingMechanism

WiBAS™-C system supports the Two-Rate 3 Colors (TR3C) method(1) of

measuring the bandwidth profile. Two-rate, three-color metering allowsincoming frames that conform to the Committed Information Rate (CIR) to beadmitted to the network. Frames that exceed even the Excess InformationRate (EIR) are discarded immediately, and frames that exceed the CIR, butnot the EIR, are marked yellow for possible discard later, should the networkbecome congested.

Two-Rate TCM policer requires a bandwidth profile that specifies theaverage rate of “committed” and “excess” Ethernet packets allowed intonetwork at the switch port.

• Packets that are transmitted up to the “committed” rate are allowed into theprovider’s network and delivered per the service performance objectivesspecified in the Service Level Agreement (SLA) or Service LevelSpecification (SLS). Those packets are “in-profile” or “conformant” with thebandwidth profile.

• Packets sent above the “committed” rate and below the “excess” rate areallowed into the provider’s network but are delivered without any serviceperformance objectives. Those packets are “out-of-profile” or “non-conformant” to the bandwidth profile.

• Packets sent above the “excess” rate are discarded.

BandwidthProfile

ParametersProfile Parameter Description

Committed InformationRate (CIR)

Is the average rate up to which packets aremarked green. These packets are referred toas CIR-conformant.

Excess Information Rate(EIR)

Specifies the average rate up to which packetsare admitted to the network. The EIR is greaterthan or equal to the CIR. Packets that exceedthe CIR, but are below the EIR are markedyellow. Because these packets do not conformto the CIR, the network does not provide anyguarantees with regard to their delivery.

Packets that exceed the EIR, do not conformand are marked red, and are discarded.Because traffic levels can fluctuate, the two-rate, three color metering process enables thetraffic to burst above the CIR and EIR a certainamount before marking the packets yellow andred, respectively


(1) There are two main methods of measuring the bandwidth profile, the Two-Rate, three colors metering

and the Single-Rate, three colors metering. WiBAS-C system supports the Two-Rate, three colorsmetering method.


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TR3C Policing Mechanism, Continued

BandwidthProfile

Parameters(continued)

Profile Parameter Description

Committed Burst Size(CBS)

Is the maximum number of bytes allowed forincoming packets to burst above the CIR, butstill be marked green.

Excess Burst Size (EBS) Is the maximum number of bytes allowed forincoming packets to burst above the EIR andstill be marked yellow. When the burst size hasbeen exceeded, packets above the EIR aremarked red.

Policer types

Policer Type Description

Color Blind TCMPolicer

Directs all frames through the entire policer,regardless of their color, thus enables the frame toreceive any output color no matter what color itentered with. This means that a low priority frame(red) can receive a higher priority (e.g. green).

Color Aware TCMPolicer

Classifies the frame’s color before it is sent throughthe policer, and thus enables a frame to receive onlythe same or a lower priority than the one it has. Forexample: a yellow marked frame cannot receive agreen colour in a colour aware TCM policer, only ayellow or a red colour.


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Security Features

Introduction WiBAS™ advanced inherent features enable provisioning of efficientsolutions to address contemporary communication needs of the Corporateusers. The system employs advanced QoS mechanisms that assure servicedelivery and preserve the quality of voice and broadband data applications.The requirements for communication integrity and security, which is essentialfor critical applications, are fulfilled by the “closed” system architecture andthe use of DES encryption algorithm.

Securitymechanism

The WiBAS™ system effectively uses a central Hub station that establishesdirect links with each individual Terminal Station The communicationbetween Base Station and Terminal Stations is controlled by a highly

advanced scheduler that resides in the WiBAS™ Base Station.

During the initial ranging phase each individual Terminal Station is registeredto the Base station with each unique credentials that are entered at the BaseStation by the Operator. Therefore, the Base Station fully controls thecommunication towards the Terminal Stations and no Terminal Station canregister to the central Hub autonomously.

The communication between the Base Station and the Terminal Station isnot only based on proprietary, “closed” and highly advanced mechanism butit is also of dynamic nature. Effectively allocation of system resources (i.e.transmission time slots) and operation mode (i.e modulation scheme) isdynamically adapting to bandwidth demand and transmission conditions.Thus the transmission mechanism is not fixed and predefined. Within this

context, an eavesdropper could not possibly decrypt the informationtransmitted. Moreover, due to WiBAS™ proprietary nature no standardequipment analyzing the air frame exists in the market.

Also attempting to impersonate MAC address is not possible since this wouldrequire first of all analysing the transmitted air frame. Even in this case, MACantispoofing mechanism exists that uniquely bind the MAC address tospecific air connections.

Additionalsecurity

features

Additional security is offered by encrypting the information transmitted overthe air by employing DES with four TEKs and IVPs that are common to all

Terminal Stations, for encrypting/ decrypting the MAC PDUs.


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Chapter: 7 Managing WiBAS-C Systems & Networks

50

7 Managing WiBAS-C Systems & Networks

As it is shown in the table below, multiple options to manage the WiBAS™Csystems and networks exist. Therefore

Option Local / RemoteNode

Management

Centralized Domain(Element)

Management

Resource(Network)

Management

Command Line Interface (CLI) √

uni|MS™- Node Manager √

uni|MS™- Domain Manager √

uni|MS™- Inventory Manager √

uni|MS™- Audit Manager √

uni|MS™- Service Manager √

uni|MS™- HistoricalPerformance Manager

√

This chapter provides a uni|MS™- overview and the WiBAS™--C managementfeatures.


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uni|MS Overview

One solutionmanages allproducts

The uni|MS™- Unified Management Suite is a state-of-the-art solution for

supervising and managing modern telecommunication networks.uni|MS is a carrier-class multi-technology Element, Network and ServiceManagement platform supporting off-the-shelf all Intracom Telecom wirelessand wireline products, inclusive of:

OmniBAS™-

WiBAS™-

UltraLink™-

INTRALINK™-

OmniMAX™-

OmniRural™-

iBAS™-

FASTmux™-

Cabinet Solution

Furthermore, third-party Network Elements can be managed through elementmediation drivers that can be developed as a service.

uni|MS™- unifies the management of access and transport networks,improving user experience, lowering OpEx and improving efficiency.

Unified Fault, Performance and Inventory management and Service orderManagement are carried out through a powerful and intuitive user interfacethat personalizes user workspace and adapts to user needs.

uni|MS consists of the following applications which all share the sameGraphical User Interface:

• Node Manager , a Craft application to manage local or remotely a NetworkElement.

• Domain Manager , for centralized multi-technology Element Networkmanagement.

• Service Manager , for E2E service provisioning and management.

• Historical Performance Manager , an application enabling collection andanalysis of historical performance network-wide.

• Audit Manager , an application enabling advanced monitoring and analysisof all user, system and network events and actions.

• Inventory Manager , an application that enables collection, storage andmonitoring of resource inventory, network-wide.



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uni|MS Overview, Continued

Unprecedentedvisualization of

the operatornetwork

uni|MS™- featuring a customizable desktop that is based on Perspectives(see Fig 34, allows you to:

• Best adapt visible workspace at run time.

• View any combination of reports on a single screen.

• Navigate through tree, map or photorealistic view.

• Drag-n-drop containers and tabs.

Fig. 36 uni|MS™™™™ customizable desktop

Network modeling allows creating a hierarchy of geographical andadministrative domains that are displayed in the network topology and can be

used to execute domain-wide actions.uni|MS™ features comprehensive reports for Inventory / Status / Alarms /Configuration / Performance with advanced filtering and integrated user-customizable graph generation tool.

uni|MS™ enables real-time network monitoring through graphical topologyand interactive photorealistic equipment views.



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uni|MS Overview, Continued

SecurityReliability &NorthboundIntegration

uni|MS™ offers advanced features to assure top-notch reliability. Using

these features, you can:• Implement a warm standby server redundancy scheme with automatic

database synchronization to improve the reliability and minimizing thedowntime of the system.

• Assure a high NMS availability through a clustered architecture withautomatic switchover in case of hardware, application or system softwarefailure.

Furthermore, with the uni|MS™ North Bound Interface (NBI), you can

integrate uni|MS™ with higher-level umbrella fault monitoring systems.

WiBAS-C Management Features

Introduction In order to manage a WiBAS™-C network by the existing uni|MS™, a

WiBAS™-C driver needs to be incorporated in uni|MS™ installations.

This paragraph provides the WiBAS™-C management features available

through the uni|MS™.

FaultManagement

uni|MS™ Fault Management is responsible for the detection, isolation andresolution of problems in order to keep the supervised network running at anoptimum level, provide a measure of fault tolerance and minimize downtime.Users can monitor alarms in real-time, while active and historical alarms arestored in the relational database, and are presented with additional viewsthat provide extensive filtering and exporting capabilities.

Fault management features include:

• Alarms Collection: Real time & Synchronization

• Trap Anti-flooding protection• Availability Monitoring through Management Heartbeat

• Alarms Reduction through classification (severities), filtering, maintenancemode, top level graphical view

• Alarms Troubleshooting through Historical Alarms, Adaptive Menus andPhotorealistic equipment views

• Alarms Notifications through e-mail



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WiBAS-C Management Features, Continued

ConfigurationManagement

uni|MS™ Configuration Management offers centralized:

• Setting and monitoring of network and radio configuration parameters suchas radio parameters, Ethernet interfaces, VLAN settings, SNMP settings, etc.

• Setting and Monitoring of advanced configuration parameters such as QoSclassification & scheduling, traffic shaping, RSTP, LAG, etc.

• Automatic deep discovery and initial configuration of the Network Elementsand of their components.

• Network Element configuration through automated fulfillment function (incase of interruptions).

• Adaptation to planned operational modifications or user requirements (FWUpgrade).

• Configuration backup and restore.

PerformanceManagement

uni|MS™ Performance Management constitutes a means of measuring thequality of several operating parameters. It ensures that the supervisednetwork is operating as expected and that the available network resourcesare efficiently allocated.

Performance is determined by a specific period where appropriatemeasurements are taken on specific Network Elements (such as ports,traffic connections, etc.). Within this period, measurement data is collectedand stored in the database for later view or further analysis. When

necessary, measurement data can be exported to files and presented in alist or graphical form.

Immediate network detection and troubleshooting of deficiencies can berealized via Real-Time Performance monitoring for:

• Radio transmission

• Ethernet ports

• VLAN traffic

Network performance analysis can be done via uni|MS™ HistoricalPerformance Manager that is based on predefined Key PerformanceIndicators (KPIs) that are Instantaneous & Cumulative – as collected from

Network Elements, or Calculated – after calculations performed by uni|MS™ Historical Performance Manager on raw data collected from NetworkElements. uni|MS™ provides advanced reporting and graph capabilities thatallow monitoring of KPIs efficiently.



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WiBAS-C Management Features, Continued

SecurityManagement

uni|MS™ Security Management is responsible to protect both the entire

network and the Network Elements against intentional or accidental abuse,unauthorized access and communication loss. Security management is alsoresponsible to set constraints per Network Element according to the TMFMTNM specifications.

uni|MS™ incorporates enhanced security features to cater for:

• Authentication

• Local or remote (TACACS, LDAP etc.)

• Secure logins, strong passwords, etc.

Documents

WiBAS-C System Ed 3 En