9.2 Wildlife Policy of Department of National Parks and Wildlife 2000

Wildlife Policy

Department of National Parks and W-ildlife

Ivlinistp-_ of Tourism and National Parks Malawi

Reprinted from 1998

P o l ~ c y Document

Malawi: Wildlife Poi~cy 2 -

I . PREAMBLE ......................... .. ..........................................-................................--.-....-.....................-..-............ 3

2. POLICY GOAL. OBJECTIVES AND GUID[NC PRINCIPLES .............................. ... ....................... 4

3. SECTOR.iL OBLIGATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAhlEV O R K .......................................... 6

3. l Sectoral Obligorions 6

3.7- Insritutional Framework ............................................................................................................................. 7

4. CONSERVATIOIU AND hI.iN.ACEMENT OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES IF PROTECTED WILDLIFE AREAS ................... .. .............,...........................................................-........................................... I0

i. i ~Varional Parks and Wildiqe Rrse,-;es ................................... . . . . ........................... ... ........ . ....... . . .. 10

4.2 Land a[ Lilon-gwe Narltrz Sancrliaty. ~klichirtr Conservarion Area end rMzusrt Envrronmenral Educarlon Crnrrr . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. ..... . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . ... . ........... .. .... .... .. . . ... . .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. ... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . 12

5.0 CONSERVATION AND I\.IANAGEFIENT OF WILDLIFE IN FOREST RESERVES AND OTHER PUBLIC LANDS ....................................................................................................-.........,.................................... 11

6.0 CONSERVATIOX AND P I A ~ A G E M E N T OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES OK CUSTO>l.-\R\' AND PRIVATE LAND ...................................................................................................................................................... 16

6 I I.L'rldi,/e on Cgsroman Lanc' . . ..... . . . . . ... . .. ....... .. . . .. .......... . ... . . . . ... l 6

6.2 Wildlife on Privore Land ...... . . ................... .. ..... .. ..... . . . ......... ................................ .... ....... ... .. . . . . 16

6.3 Conszrvatron qf Warlondr ...... .. .. ... .......... .. ............... .......... . .. . ........ .... . I '

7 . 0 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND EXTENSION ............................................................................................. 18

8.0 CO-OPERATIOIU WITH SATIONAL A N D INTERNATIOK.4L PARTNERS ...................................... 19

9.0 \VILDLIFE UTILISATIOIU .;\XD ~ ~ . ; \ N A G E ~ I E N T APPRO.-\CUES ............................................. 20

9 i Collnborarr~e itlanayen~enr of bl'iidl!fe Resolrrces 20

9 2 P~-ooien~ .-!nrmcl Conrroi 2!

9 3 Research hlonrrortng , 4 n ~ Adaprrv~ ~Managetitent 7 i

9 Ulrirsotron OJ' Wrldlf i R?solrries - 7 - - 9 5 H~tnrtng 2 3

9 6 Trade 4nd iLiarktrrng O/bP~ld/r/e .?nd bYtIdl!fe Prodltcrs 2 2

- - F 7 In!rodirclron A n Re-lnrrocucrron Of Wrldl1~2 5pecres And Keeping Of rlnrmnls i n Caorrvrn, - -

10.0 SPECIES PROTECTIOS AND LAW ENFORCEhlENT ................................................................... 26

PREAMBLE

Wildlife is a renewable resource with potential to provide a multitude of utilitarian and non-utiiitarian benefits to man. In the context of this poiicy, wildlife means all wild, indigenous species of animals and plants, comprising species and forms with beneficial, potentially harmful or neutral effects towards man. Ifemanaged appropriately the wildlife resources can simultaneously promotc the conservatibn of biological diversity as well as contribute to the country's economy. Therefore, the Government regards this resource as a valuable asset whose intearity needs to be conserved to the maximum extent possibie. It further considers wildlife conservation and management as a legitimate form of land use which can be superior to other land - use schemes, if given an appropriate institutional framework.

Government's commitment to wiidlife conservation and management is refiected in Chapter Ill of the constitution of Malawi, particularly Section Thirteen (1 3) (d) whlch states as follows.

"To manage the environment responsibly in order to

(i) Prevent the degradailon of the environment;

(ii) Provide a healthy living and working environment for the people of Malawr,

(iii) Accord full recognition to the rights ~f future generatloos by means of environmental protecnon,

(IV) Conserve and enhance the bioiogical diversity in blaiawi "

Maiaw~ has 21 .eO/c of 11s land area as prorccred areas. nat~onal parks, wildlife resetves and forest reserves These areas cxiiain the h~ghest concenrrat~on of wlldlife resources

Unioriunately, outside protecied areas the situat~on IS characterrsed by general degradation of wildlife resources largely due to increasin~ human population pressure, poverty, and inadequate appreciation of ths resources' benefits whrch often lead to habitat lcss and over exploitation. For the same reasons even wildlife resources within protected areas have come under increasing pressure. Furthermore communities surrounding protected areas somerimes display antagonistic behaviour partly due to the fact that resource benefits have traditionally accrued to the state. This antagonistic behaviour makes management of protected areas even more problematic.

Malawi Nildlife Policy Y

Recognising the severity of the current situation, the government is committed to pursue novel approaches, especially to develop partnerships with all interested parties for effectively managing the wildlife resources both inside and outside protected areas. Furthermore, Government recognises that all components of ecosystems are interrelated and that many benefits of wildlife are apparent only in the long term but are, nonetheless, important. T'nereiore, Government declares ils intent to assess its wildlife conservation and managemsfir responsibiliiits in the light of the broadest social and ecological. requirements rather than sncn t t rm financial considerations.

Governmeni iurihsr appreciai2s tnai. in practical terms, a large proportion of wildlife can not be managed by the state. C~nstquently, there is a distinction between two categories of wildlife: those wnose manazemec: is e~nirolled by the state; and those not under state management. Species, indivicuais, areas or circumstances that are managed by the state are defined by the Nailonal Parks and Wildlife Act which is subject to regular review. Wildlife noi managec by the state can be conserved, utilised or conrrolled by the public at its disci?rion. Hourever, to tnsurz its proper monitoring. Government requires any major physical developrnsni underiaking to be preceded by an environmental impacr assessment.

Government acknowledges ths necessit;) of international co-optration for effective protect~on of the environment In general and the wildlife resource in ~articular. Therefore Government commits Itself to participate in those international treaiies and conventions that are consistent with Ivlalawi's Wildlife conservation and managemsnt poiicy

This poiicy is an initgral pan of the Government's land-use l a n s . Morzover, it conforms with the National Environmental Policy as well as thcse of other relsvani sectors such as Lands, Agriculture. Forestry. Frsherres, Water and Tourism. It supersedes all prevlous policy statements for the consewation and management of wildlife. Ir does not, however. preclude the Responsible klinister from issuing supplementary policy statements to address any issue that may not be adequately covered by thrs cocumeni Government intends to follow up on this policy document with appropr~ate legrslai~ve amendments and management plans for those Issues which merit them.

2. GOAL,OBJECTI\'ESANDG'CIDI3G PRINCIPLES

(a) Coal

The goal of the national wildlife policy is to znsure proper conservation and management of the wiidliie resources in order to provide for sustainable utilisation and equitable access to the resources and fair sharing of the benefits from the resources for both present and futurt generations of Malawians.

..S V.".... W , ""b;

(b) Objectives

In order to achieve the goal, this policy seeks to meet the following objectives:

(i) Ensure the adequate protectior of representative ecosystems and their biological diversity through promotion and adoption of appropriate land management practices, that adhere to the principle of sustainable use.

(ii) Enhance public awareness and understanding of the importance of wiidiife conservation and management and its close relationships with other forms of land use.

(iii) Take the necessary legislative steps as well as pertinent enforcement measures to curtail the illegal use of wildlife.

(iv) Create an enabling environment for wildlife- based enterprises

(v) Develop a cos-effective legal, administrative and institutional framework for managing wildlife resources without compromising the special ecological attributes of the resources.

( C ) Guiding Principles

(i) Ownership of wildlife resources shall rest with the S ia~e Pres~dent on behalf of and for the benefit of people of Maiawi. However, it IS recognised that those who legitimately use the land on which the resources occur are the primary custodians, and utilisation r~ghts should accrue to them. These rights and responsibilities shall be exercised wtthin the limits of pert~nent legislaiion.

(ii) There shall be equitabie distribut~on of the benefits and revenues derived frcm sustainably utilising wildlife resources from national parks and wildlife reserves amongst Treasury, local communities and the Department of National Parks and Wildlife

iiii) Wildlife resources shouio be managed in a manner wnich promoles gender and community empowermoni

IIV) Recognising that government srruclures in isolaiion can not adequately constrv5 and manage the wildlife resources, Government snall create an enabling environment for the local communities, the private sector, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and any other party wiih an interest in wildlife conservation and management to fuiiy contribute

(v) Wildlife legislation should be reviewed periodically to reflect cnanges In the policy framework. Such reviews shall ~nclude, among other th~ngs, adequate incentive and punitive measures, and staturory powers of the De~artment of National Parks and Wildlife.

Malaw$Uldliie Poiicy 477 %

(vi) Wildlife management is an exceptionally complex activity in which many factors are unknown or not fully understood. Therefore, an adaptive management strategy is appropriate. This particuiarly applies to sustainable resource ujiiisation where current and acceptable approaches need to be incorporated. ~ e s e a r c h and monitoring have to be integral components, of each act of management.

'vii) Wliinin ecoiogically acceptable iimits, wildiife resources should be managed in a manner which is economically productive and sustainable.

(viii) Adssuate s~nservation and management of wildlife resources is dependent on puciic and poiitical understanding and appreciation.

(ix) hlost existing pressures on protected areas and wiidlife rzserves are poverty - L ariven. I hersfore, the sector will strive to contribure to the objectives of the

Poverty F\Il=viation Programme.

P % I

:t ISSTITVTIOSAL FR4MEM70RK

3 . Sectoral Obligations

Governmeni is committed to its rzsponsibility for protecting the nation's wildlife resources even if some species may in cases conflict with human inrerest. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) is the Government's executive arm responsible to the M~nis~er for implementing this policy and the legislation flowing from it Furthermore, Government appreciates that there are other stakeholdtrs who :an substantially contribute to the advancement of the sector. Therefore, the Degartmenr of Natronal Parks and Wildlife shall co-operate wrth other' government instlrutions, local communities. NGOs and the private secror In the conservation and management of Maiawi's wildlife.

In the interests of transpareocy and accoun;ability there shall be a broad bzsed Wildlife &search and Management Board. The function of the 8 ~ a r d shall be to guide the Minister and the Depanmen: o i National Parks and Wildliiz on all imponant issues affecting wildlife conservat~ori and management.

Due io the delicate nature of wrldlife resources and ihe negarive effecrs wh~cn illegal use might have on them, powerful proiectlve legislatron is needed. Therefore, the extant legislation shall'be reviewed and periodically updated to respond to changing needs Furthemore the leg~slation shall make it a requirement, that environmental impact assessments are carried out for all major physical developmenis that may adversely affect wildlife resources.

Government acknowledges the fact that appropriate management of wildlife resources requires adequate investments. Realising that funds from Central Government might be limited Government will promote innovative funding mechanisms in the sector including the possibility of turning the Department of National Parks and Wildlife into a parastatal, trust or regulatory board.

The Depariment of National Parks and Wildlife is required i c implement wildlife-related legislation throughout the country. As a paramilitary organisation it shall exercise a high . degree of discipline in executing its mandate. It will also fully co-operate with other law enforcement agencies. To this efiect Government shall ensure that it receives full support from the judiciary and other law enforcement agencies.

The success of the sector is dependent on community support. Consequently Government shall encourage community based management and benefit sharing from sustainable utilisation of wildlife resources.

For the sector to meet its obligations, government is committed to provide adequate iundrng to the sector. However, due to limited financial resources there is need to set and regularly review priorities and ailocare resources accordingly.

The Department of National Parks and Wlildlife holds overall responsibility for wildlife conservation and management. In executing its mandate, the Department of National Parks and Wildlife will ensure that professional standards are applied in deveioping and implementing wildlife consewation and manag'ment programmes. The programmes shall contribute to the ecological and economic sustainability of this land use option. To facilitate this. Government snail ensure that the Department of National Parks and Wildlife has a cost-effective administrative and institutional structure. Furthermore it is commitiea to ensure that officers of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife shall be fully [rained, commenslclrate with the~r auiles. and that those In charge of key positions In the oroanisation shall hold the necessary academ~c andlor techn~cal qualifications

The Geparimeni of NaLlonal Parks and Wildlife shall work in dose collaboration w~ th other stakeholders in conservina and managing wildlife resources The Department may enier ~n tc agreement w~ th communit!rs, the private sector, and NGOs on specific conservation and management issues. Specifically, the Department will. 0 Function as a regulatory body for the sector; . Be rzsponsible for the design and co-ordination of outreacn activit~es ir! the wildlife

sector; -

- Provide wildlife research services and co-ordinate ecological, socio-econonic and 'market research by external researciiers in the secror, to avoid duplication of efforts and the loss of useful information; Be responsible for problem animal control; Underiake to mobilise resources for the seclor;

Malewi Wiidliie Pol~cy 8 - 479

Maintain a statistical database on all wildlife related activities to guide the development of the sector; Provide tecnnical advice to other stakeholders; ~ o r i i t o t the effects of different activities in the sector; Ensure that environmental impact assessment procedures ars taken into account whenever proposals, plans or projects are formulated ihat are likely to have adverse impacts on wildlife resources; Undertake or commission all physical developments in national parks, wildlife reserves and other areas under its ailthority in accordance with the respective protected areas master plans; Set standards for tour operators, persons capturing and keeping wild animals, and those offering services on concession and issue authorisations accordingly; Ensure that a fair percentage ofthe revenues generated within any national park or .

wildlife reserve is shared amongst Treasury, the management of - that park or reserve, and communities living adjacent to it; To the exrent possible, provide economic opportunities to communities neighbouring national parks or wildlife reserves; Ensure equitabie and eficient allocation of opportunities for Malawians, especially the local communities being most directly affected by thz wildlife resources, to participate in the benefits of wildlife conservation and management without prejudicing aestrable foreign investments and the imporiation of experiise; Encourage the formation of representative civil associations for developing and promoting the sector, without permitting the emergence of undesirabie practices like monopolies; Promote the conservation of wildlife and the development of an ethical wildlife industry based on sustainable utilisation; Facilitate co-ordinated marketing of wildlife and wildlife products including tourism and hunting to enable wildlife to realise its economic potential applying, as far as possible, market mechanisms; Regulate and monitor the trade in wildlife and wildlife produczs to curb illegal trafficking; Implement the provisions of relevant international treaties, agreements or any other arrangements to which Malawi or the Government is a party; Be the Government's point o i contact with foreign parks, wildlife and environmental agencies;

Collaboratz with other public agencies, communities and ins r i va te sector in managing wildlife resources on their land; Assist in t'ne conservation and management of wetlancs, Prepare subsidiary regulations for the Ministets consideration to co-ordinate or regulate the wildlife secror and to tssue a11 authorisations as required by law; Create and maintain an envtronment in which its employees are able to reach their maximum potential in a climate favourable to innovation and excellence; Ensure proper management of human. financial and material r-s ources. Ensure Proper collection of revenues and as far as possible broaden the revenue base.

The Department of National Parks and Wildlife in conjunct~on with tns communities, NGOs and the private sector will:

Protect wildlif; against illegal use;

Manage the national parks, wildlife reserves and other areas under its authority; Reduce the detrimental efiects of wildlife on human life through appropriate measures Build up capacity in the sector; Develop, co-ordinate and promote wilclife-based tourism.

In collaboration with the relevant communities, the Departmeni of National Parks and Wildlife will:

Determine the type of consumptive and non-consumptive utilisation activities to be permitted in each of the national parks, wildlife reserves and other areas under its authority; Prevent illegal settlement and cultivation and regulate introduction of exotic plants and animals in order to maintain the ecological integrity andfor the aesthetic qualities of the respective national parks, wildlife reserves and other areas under its authority.

The Department of National Parks and Wildlife in CO-operztion with NGOs and with possible support from the private sector will:

Undertake any necessary ecologicai and socio-econcmic research negded to achieve the objectives of wildlife conservation and management;

Conduct public educat~on and informat~on programmes and provide community extension services and public relations in order to promote ecologically and economicaliy viable wildlife ventures.

In protecting cultural, historical and traditional sites in national parks and wildlife reserves and facilitating access to these sites, the Dspartment of National Parks and Wildlife will collaborate with the Ministry of Nat~onal Heriiage and the Depa~ment of Tourism.

Communities shall manage wildlife resources on communal land They will be encouraged to form Mult i~le Use Wildlife Areas. Local knowledge IS expected to be essential in sustainably util~sing wildlife resources and in ~rnproving problem animal control approaches. Furthermore, communities will support the management of national parks. v~ildlife and forest reserves in their areas. In this, communities shall be involved at all stages In the planning and ~mplemenration.

The orivare sector will be encouraged to take a more active part in wildlife conservat~on and management issues. Major roles might be to mobilise additional resources for the sector; ic assist in developing and ma~nta~ning infrastructure in protecied wildlife areas: to cont r i~u i t to socio-economic development in communities adjacent to protected wildlife areas.

NGOs active in the wildlife sector will collaborate with the Deparrment of National Parks and Wildlife in various management issues. They might be crucial in mobilising resources for the sector.

The Foresiw De~artment will ensure the effective management of wildlife resources in forest reserves. It shall lobby for adequate provision of hurrian, financial and material resources for managing the forest reserves especially protection of wildlife.

(ii) Furthor reasons i o r having and managing mational parks :and wiidiifs -reserves, without .pr=judice t o the .primary.reasons, are:

- '~a-provide iaciiities forstudies oitnep~enomeria thzrsin ior3he advancement d-; .science and unaers~anaing;

- TO providoiaciikies fo~pubi icuseand enjoyment ~ f j n e resourzes3hsrein;

- t o -provide wiidiife :stock30 ~epopulate depleted .pafis ~ f 3 n e couniry;and

- so ailow -for susainabie Iltiiisation ~f 3he lwiidliis Tesources :in -sder Ito contribute 30 t he mi ional sconom-y, ~particuiariy 30~-enhance mral deveiopment.

. - - - !

(b) GuiaingPrincipies:

- (i) r a c n national park or wiidiiie + t se~ /e -shall be managed in accordance'with a

prorecred area masisr plan which shall.define, among otherthings: - -

- t n t zxaci are2 and tne ap~i~cabis measures of p ro~ t c~ ion , - .

- the objective for managlng the ecosystems In the protecred area, the roaulred measures r 9 aznlevf rhos? objectrves the lrmits o i permissible cnange and the pzrralninc lna~cators for monitorrnc purposes.

.' ~ n t zonairon o i ths proiecrtd areas. s~atrng icr zacn zone tne ilnris o i acceptable uiiiisarion and, if appl~ca~le the narure and exroni of physical aevelopment ro be allowed,

numav acrrvlr!?s tnai will alrci tne narure oi tne ecosystem - nence ~rrtconcilable w~tn tnz natronal park's or wlldlrie r e s e ~ o ' ~ mamgement oojezrrvos

- iill l he profected ar3as masrz: plans snall aaopr a standarc iorrna; ro ~e

~eiermtned by tnr Denanmen; of National Oarks and Wr~dlife and In tnerr im-ncrlar~on and Inaemsn;ai!on a oarrrc!parory acorsazn snall DZ aooiisc Tnose plans snail be revlswed a: rtgular 1nr5rvals

1 1 1 1 4c~nowiedglng tnai parrrc!sar!on ~y sornrnunrrtes irvlng around tns Wridliie i r " 3 - ,,a !S essenrial io: prooor management of naironai c a r ~ s anc wr~dliif ressnes. Governmenr comrnr1s ltssli to actlvelv involve tne comrnunrrles asjaceni io them In the!; ~ lannlng and managemeni.

i!vj ~Zonsiaeiable oenzfits and rsvenues are expected ro azcruc from naironal parks and wiidiiis reserver. As a consequence, ariangemens and rnschanisms ior Weir zquiiabie disrribui~on amonastTreasury, G e ~ a n n e n i of Naiional Parks and Wiidiiiz, :and the surrounding comrnuniii~s shall .be -agreed upon for every naiionai -park and wiidlie.rzserve.at:tne-eariiest-possibie-m;

Malawi: V\Lildlife Policy .483 12 -

(v) The management of the national parks -and wildlife reserves ~equires -adequate investments in -terms of human, :financial .and material :resources in ,order t o achieve the expected .benefits from them. 'So far, .the main fundin,g :sources .to

, ' that end have been allocations by Central Government and, .to .some ,extent, external assistance (e.g. .donor-funded projects). -It .is acknowledged ahat these mechanisms have .not always ,ensured the timely and -adequate provision .of .the resources needed to appropriately -manage -national -parks and wildlife-res, =NeS especially to maintain the required law enforcement capabilities. Gonsequently, Government commits itself'.to ?remote innovative funding .mechanisms :that will lead to improved management and increased .self -~el iance -ofthe sector. --

- (vi) Government encourages the private sector -to obiain management concessions

in national parks and wildlife -reserves $or .to.urism rand elated activities: The Department of 'National -Parks and Wildlife is .&king 30 p r o m ~ e ~ d o m e s t i c a s well as low-d.ensity up-market foreign touiism without perrrhing it .to erode the resource on which it is based. T o comply with the conservation objectives, -all concessions have to be awarded in strict accordance with the management guidelines ior the respective arsas to avoid degradation of andlor disturbance of the wildlife .resources. The nature and extent of any touristic activities shall be determined for each protected area. Furthermorz the s~andard of services shall be competitive at international level. The awarding and monitoring of private concessions shall follow guidelines to be established which .will include the r5quirement for private concessionaires to operate on a contractual basis at rr;ar'kc,t rates.

(vii) Generaliy, infrastructure development in national parks and wildlife resenes shall be undemken following set guidelines for such developments. The guideiines shall include construction standards and rypes. Within this framework. the piivate sector may develop infrastructure in nztional parks and wildlife reserves, pro\.ided [ha; all such investments reverr to thc btaia~vi Government afrer a period mutually agreed ber\\.een the investor and the Governi~~eni prior to initiatinz any ph1,sical investment activities.

(viii) Government shall encourage prospeciive invesiors to also expioit options for establishing tourist facilities at the periphery of national parks and wildlife reservts, preferably in collaboration with local communities.

(1x1 Unguided infrasirucrure dtvelopmenrs inciuding reads and unconrrolled trafic in national parks and wildlife reserves is a threat to wildlife resources. Therefore the Depanment of National Parks and Wildlife will iiaise with agpropriate authorities to ensure that road construction, maintenance, and traffic do not inflict damage to wiidiife resources.

(X) Many communities around national parks and wildlife reserves have cultural and spiritual linkages with them. Furthermore there is poor knowledge of the status of historical featuresJsites and cultural artefacts in these areas. in most instances, there is no professional care for these featureslsites. Therefore the Deparrmenl of National Parks and Wildlife will ensure proper management of these features/sites in collaboration with local communitiss and other relevant departments.

(xi) Prospecting and mining activities are generally considered incompatible with the management of national parks and wildlife reserves. Hence, the right to prospect or mine within these areas.shall only be granted in very exceptional cases based

.on.advise from the Wildliie Research and Management Board and subject to the approval of -the Minister. In considering such projects, it shall be required that satisfactory evidence is made available to support that such an activity is in the na t io~a l interest, .economically justifiable and takes into consideration all environmental costs.

.c) Strategies:

(i) Develop a standard format for protscted area master plans.

(ii) 'Review and update protected .-area .master\plans for each national park -and - wildlife-:reserve regularly; _- --

(iii) Improve iaw enforcement capabilities;

(iv) Sensitise communities on the need for national parks and wildlife reserves and the enforcement of the laws; - -.

(v) Establish rules of engagement durIng anti - poach in^

(vi) Develop enabling subsidiary legislation for utilisation of wildiiie resources in national parks;

(vii) Develop and implement guideiinss for involving local communities in planning and executing management aciivitks in national parks and wiidiife reserves;

(viii) Involve, where appropriate, the private sector andtor NGOs in management activities;

(ix) Develop, conclude and implemsnt arrangements on sharing rsvenues accruing from national parks and wiidlife reserves amongst Treasury, Department of National Parks and Wildlife and surrounding communities;

(X) Diversify revenue sources for Department of National Parks and Wildlife (e.g licences and concessions);

(xi) Establish alternative financing mechanisms for Department of National Paris and Wildlife (e.g. Trust funds) and expand the scope of the National Parks and Wildlife Treasury Funds to include management activities;

(xii) Establish and impiemeni guidelines for determinaiion of fees and royalties based on marketing principies;

(xiii) Enhance Departmeni of National Parks and Wildlife's financial management capacities;

L.. -

Malawi: Widliie Policy 14 -

(xiv) Establish and implement guideiines for awarding and monitoring concessions-to private operators. The guidelines should .include -mechanisms for regular communication;

xv) Develop guidelines and prom~te sustainable tourism in national -parks .and wildlife reserves through, among others, the improvement of standards--of:tourist faciiities and services;

(xvi) Suppoit local communities to actively benefit and pafiicipate i n eco--tourism;

(xx) Develop guidelines for accessing traditional and cultural sites; .- ' L

(xxi) Maintain up-30-dare inventory of arteiacts'lof historical 3eatureslsites in-nalibnal-- parks and wildlife reserves; -L-

(xxii) Collaborate with Department of Antiquities on the management of historical fearuresisites in national parks and wildlife reserves;

(xxiii)Require any person, private or public organisation desiring to prospec-or mine in a national park or wildlife reserve to ensure that an independent environmental impact assessment is conducted prior to commencement of any project aciivity. The environmental impact assessment shall be conducted ai the prospector's cost and be to the satisfaction of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife;

(xxiv)Appraise the Wildlife Research and Management Board on any major activities undertaken by th t Department of National Parks and Wildlife including results of Environmental Impact Assessments.

4.2 Lnnd nt Lilongwe Nature Snnctrrnry, Miclzir~~ Conservation Aren nnrl 1V1.zrrzrr E~zvirorzrnental Edrrcation Centre

(a) Purpose:

Currently the legal status of the land at these areas is not clearly defined. The areas are administered under the Forestry Act since they are not degazetted as Forest Reserves. Unfortunately the Forestry Act does nor offer adequate protection to the wildlife resources in conformity with these areas' functions 2s education centres and nature retreats within or close to urban areas. Furthermore, the administration of the Forestry Act is under the Director of Forestry althougn staff of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife are authorised Officers under the Act. Therefore there is need to incorporate these areas within the National Parks and Wildlife Act.

(bj Guiding Principle:

'Preservaiion of wildlife resources in or near uhancentres enhances awareness of wildliie conservation and management.

(c) Strategies:

(i) Draft amendments to the National Parks and Wildlife Act and subsidiary , -legislation to incorporate land at Lilongwe Nature Sanctuary, Michiru

Conservation Area and Mzuzu Environmental Centre as conservation areas;

(ii) Publicise existence and importance of these areas.

WILDLIFE IN FOREST RESERVES AND OTHER PUBLIC LANDS - 4 i

There are considerable wildlife resources in forest reserves and other public lands such .: as cattle ranches and protected catchment areas. Government is committed-to ensure their proper conservation and management.

(a) Purpose: gi

'i It is acknowledged that substantial pcpulations of large mammals and birds occur in

I

forest reserves and on other public lands. Government shall ensure collaboration . . between the Deparrment of National Parks and Wildlife and those agencies g * responsible ior forest reserves and other public lands in the conservation and management of large mammal and bird populations occurring on their respective .-. g areas.

7

- (b) Guid ing Principle:

-. 5..

(i) Although the mandate for conserving and managing wildlife resources is vested in the Department of National Parks and Wildlife. its capacity is not adequate to 7 cover forest reserves and other public lands. Hence i i is crucial that the agencies

A.

responsible for these lands assume responsibility for adequate protection and management o i all populations of large mammals and birds in their respective . areas. -

(ii) Realising that sustainable utiiisaiion of large memmals and birds can yield 9

economic gains for both Government and communities surrounding the respective areas, the agencies in charge of such areas are urged to consider utilisaiion as a management option. As far as possible, communities should be r involved in planning and implementing such schemes. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife will provide technical advice and experiisc as required. miI

l I

Malawi: Nildliie Poiicy 16 '

(c) Strategies:

(i) Request respective authorities to undertake inventory of large mammal and bird 'populations on their respective areas;

(ii) .Ensure that special attention is given to endangered, or endemic species in -forest rtserves and other public lands;-

(iii) Estabiish cross sectoral linkages and communication mechanisms between the .Department of National Parks and Wildlif? and rzspective authorities for other - - :public lands; / -

iv) Collaborate with Fortstry Department and! other agencies responsible for-pubiic- lands in conservation and rnanagemeni of large mammals and-birds on their respective areas;

(v) Harmonise poiices, legislation, and guidelines governing other pubiic land with this poiicy and the legislation flowing from it in relaticn to conservation and management of large mammal and bird populations; -.

(vi) Lobby for the introduction andior enhancement wildlife utilisation schemes in forest rzserves.

6.0 CONSERVATION AND _W4N.4GENIENT OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES ON CUSTOK4RY AND PRIVL4TE LAND

6.1 W'ildlife 012 Crlstonzarq. Land

(a) Purpose:

Encourage local communities, where conditions are suitable, to adopt wildlife conservation and management as a viable land use option.

(6) Guiding Principle:

(i) Proper conservation and managemznt of wildlife resources is dependent on 2

sense of ownership and value for the resource.

(ii) Manaaemeni of wildlife resources on customary land shall be the responsibility of the respective communities -

(c) Strategies:

ji) Strengthen the Department of National Parks and Wiidlife's advisory capacity in the field of community - based wildlife conservation and management;

(ii) Assist communities to develop and implement schemes for managing wildlife resources on their land;

(iii) .Support capacity.and institutional building at community level;

(iv) Develop enabling legislation for Multiple Use Wildlik Areas (MUWAs);

(v) Encourage communities to eslablish *MUWAS on their -land where wildlife conservation and management is at least one of the land .uses;

(vi) Support communities in formuiating .and implementing .management -plans for MUWAs. These plans shall include monitoring, control and regulatory mechanisms for wildlife populations and a,sysiem for benefit sharing among stakeholders. 1 -. -

.-- - 6.2 Wildlife on Private Land

(a) Purpose:

Encourage land owners to consider wildlife conservation and management as a competitive land use option.

(b) Guiding Principle:

(i) Land owners shall be responsible for managing wildlife resources on their land.

(ii) Game ranching and game farming are viabie and environmentally friendly methods of generating cash earnings and protein. Successful same ranching or game farming can also ensure a reservoir for animal re-introductions to areas where the resources might be depleted.

(c) Strategies:

(i) Develop guidelines for game ranching and game farming

(ii) Specify user rights for wildlife resources on ranches and farms

6.3 Conservation of Wetlands

Wetlands are considered extremely valuable, albeit very fragile ecosystems. They have high biodiversity and are of international importance especially for migrating birds. They also serve the Senefic~al hydrological functions as water reservoirs.

(a) purpose:

To maintair, and enhance the ecoiogical value of wetiands.

(b) Guiding Principle:

Mslawi: #!life Policy 489

Government acknowledges the multi-disciplinary -approach that is required for successiul wetlands conservation and management .as well as the need for involving all stake-holders in such exercises, especially at the local level. Furthermore. Government views multiple-use schemes .on a sustainable basis .as

'the key to efiective wetlands conservation. Such schemes will have to iollow the adaptive management approach and need adequate monitoring schemes in order to maintain the ecological balance of the wetland habirats.

(C) Strategies:

(i) Assisi in the inventory of .major wetland habitats ;in rthe country including .an - assessment of their state and integrity; ,

--

(ii) Identrfy all relevant institutions and stakeholders e t national and local level and subsequently establish regular communication and-CO-operationdinks with them;

(iii) Faciiiiate the co-ordinated development of guidelines and management .plans for all major wetland habitats;

(iv) Establish and implement appropriate mechanisms for monitoring and, if necessary, adjusting wildlife-related activities;

(v) Ensure conformity with the provisions of relevan; international conventions (e.g. the Ramsar Convention).

(vi) Lobby for including aspects of catchment area protection and water exiraciion control in the framework of wetlands management.

7.0 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND EXTENSION

Ennanced public relations and extensior are important in promoting wildiife conservation and management issues especially since the value of the resources is not yet adequately appreciared by a large segment of the society.

(a) Purpose:

Gain pubiic suppor; for wildlife conservaiion and management.

(b) Guiding Principie:

Protection of wildlife resources is dependent on public and political understanding - and appreciation. Therefore, Government intends to enhance eforts in promoting public awareness and understanding through various channels.

(c) Strategies:

(i) Enhance the Depament of National Parks and Wiidlife's Education, Information and Extension Unit's capacrty to conduct awareness programmes including decentralisation of responsibilities to protected area level;

. .

( G ) Improve the Department of National Parks and Wildlife's public relation capacities -especially in the production, presentation and dissemination of conservation messages;

(iii) Design .and implement .awareness campaigns especially through use of the mass media:

(iv) Carry out specific outreach -programmes for selected target groups; -. . /

-(v) Promote the incorporation of conswation aspects into national school curricula;

(vi) Encourage-the use.of wildlife education centres and interpretation Tacilities in the protected wildlife areas;

(vii) Encourage the formation of wildlife clubs and similar associations;

(viii) Co-operate with the private sector, voluntary and public organisations-cancerned with wildlife conservation and management;

(ix) Explore possibilities of involving communities in wildlife education and extension;

(X) Establish guidelines for the appointment of Honorary Parks and Wildlife Officers as foreseen by the National Parks and Wildlife Act;

(xi) Recommend for the Minister's consideration detailed duties and responsibiiiiies for Honorary Parks and Wildlife Officers which shall include their role in public awareness and conservation education;

8.0 CO-OPERATION WITH NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS

Governmeni realises the need for the Department of National Parks and Wildlife's activities to be supported by efforts frcrn other governmental and non-governmental institutions as well as the private sector inside and outside Malawi.

Purpose:

Complement efforts of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife in conserving and managing wildlife resources with tiose of co-operating partners at both naiional and international levels.

Guiding Principle:

Maiawijbildlife Policy -

Wildlife conservation and management is considered a cross-sectoral issue in need of b r ~ a d public and political-support by-all national institutions involved in the sector. '

Furthermore, ecological systems ,and processes are continuous and take place irrespective of international boundaries. Therefore, it is considered necessary to 'further p rom~te inter- institutional -dialogue both within and outside Malawi. In particular, Government appreciates3he valuable role NGOs can .piay in.the sector.

(c) Strategies:

(i) Identify all .poteniial partners at national and international leve!;

(ii) Establish :and -reinforce regular and clear communication links with all partners; l -

(iii) Establish, where necessary, .suoject matter task fo'rces on specific inter-sectoral - - - issues relevant to the Wildlife Sector;

(iv) Intensify the co-operation with partner institutions in neighbouring countries, especially on cross border issues (e.g. joint patrols, joint research programmes, control of illegal trade in wildlife producis); -- .

(v) Inventorise and harmonise rules and regulations in other sectors that affect the Wildlife Sector:

(vi) Enhance co-operation with NGOs and the private sector with interest in wildliie conservation and management.

9.0 WILDLIFE UTILISATION AND MANAGEAMENT APPROACHES

9.1 Colln borative Mrrrzrrgenzent of Wildlife Reso rrrces

Collaborative management entails sharing of benefits, accountability and decision making among sta~eholders, who are to assume clearly defined rights and responsibilities. Acknowledging that wildlife conservation and management inside and ou ts id~ the protected wildlife areas is unlikely to s u c c ~ t d without involving

staks-holders, Government is committed to enhance collaborative management of wildlife resources. These schemes have to be introduced gradually following an adaptive management approach where experiences learnt from pilot schemes shall be used to refine the methods.

(aj Purpose:

Enhance the effectiveness and appresiaiion 'of wildlife conservation and = resources. management especially among communities most affected by wildlif,

(b) Guiding Principles:

(i) The partnership envisaged in collaborative management shall ensure that .the ecological integrity of the habitats and biotic communities are preserved.

(ii) Collaborative management requires an institutional framework and legally . binding agreements at local level.

(iii) In planning and conducting collaborative management activities, existing institutional structures should be used as far .as possible, especially at community level.

(c) Strategies: I

-

! (i) Deve1op.a legislative and institutional framework and guidelines;

t _< --

(ii) Suppori capacity and institution buiiding, particularly on the community sicie;

iii) Jointly determine and stipulate the rights and duties of the respective stakeholders; - - -

iv) Develop participatory and monitoring mechanisms.

9.2 Problei71Anii?zal Corztrof - I he occurrence of certain species under certain circumsrancks can lead to conflicts

with humans and may require special management m, =asures.

(2) Purpose:

To minimise humanlanimal conflicts

(b) Guiding Principle:

It is Government's intention to gradually devolve the responsibility for problem animal control to the appropriate authorities for the land on which the confiic~s occur, provided that Government maintains responsibility for the control of dangerous animals as defined in the lvational Parks and Wildlife Act. Furthermore, Government may not pay compensation for any damage caused by wildlife.

(C) Strategies:

(i) Re-orient Depanmentai staff to new approaches for problem animal control;

(ii) Strengthzn organisational and management capacities among the respective communities;

(iii) Develop and introduce problem animal control packages;

Malawi: Wildlife Policy 2z

(iv) Raise public awareness on methods to minimise hunanjanimal conflicts.

(v) Introduce an indemnity clause in the Act;

( i i ) Develop mechanisms of devolving powers of problem animal control to land owners with the exception of dsngerous animals;

(vii) Translocate~problem animals where necessary and feasible.

9.3 Research, Monitoriizg And Adaptive klanagement

Wildlife conservation -;and management acfivities have to be based on-sound- knowledge of .the naiure .and .interactions of wildlife r&sources in order. to -maintain an ecologica.l .balance within respeciive biotic communities as. well as the potential for their sustainable use.

(a) Purpose -.

Ensure betier understanding of the wildlife resources and their interactions to guide wildlife conservation and management.

(b) Guiding Principle:

Government attaches highest priority to needs-driven research, Therefore research needs identified from the planning and implementation of wildlife conservation a n d management programmes shall receive prsferential funding. Acknowledging that the capacity of the Midl i fe Research Unit is limited, there is need to solicit external support to take advaniage of expertise anc! resources that may not exist in the Uni-;.

(c) Strategies:

(i) Strengthen capacity of the Wildlife Research Unit:

(ii) Improve communication and co-ordination links between the Ressarcn Unit and other units of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife;

(iii) Design all wildlife conservation and management activities flexibly enough to allow for monitoring, evaluation and adjustment where necessary:

(iv) Determine and regularly review research priorities;

(v) Establish, review andfor update monitoring procedur~s for management activiiiss in order to allow for incorporaiion of research findings;

- (vi) Strengthen data collection capacities within the Research Unit and outside.

including communities;

(vii) Es~ablish coliaboraiive links with external researchers and rtsearch institutions;

(viii) Determine guidelines and fees, as appropriate, for external research in the wildlife sector that is not of priority to the sector.

9.4 Utilisation Of Wildlife Resources

Wildlife resources render themselves to various consumptive and non-consumptive f~rrns of utilisation which, under proper management, contribute t o the socio- - economic well being of the society and ecological stabiliry of the resources.

(a) Purpose: --. .

Government acknowledges that utilisation of wildlife resources gives it economic value which enhances .its proper conservation and. management. ~ p e c i f i c a i l ~ - Government* wishes to foster support from communities adjacent.-to-& .protected wildlife areas. Furthermore,'it is the intention of Government to broaden the revenue base for the wildlife sector so that it is gradually becoming self reliant.

(b) Guiding Principle: - - .

Wildlife utilisation programmes shall be sustainable td ensure ecological integrity of the resources. These utilisation programmes shall encompass both consumptive and non-consumptive uses. It is impofant to foster a sense of ownership for wildlife resources among communities to obtain their support for wildlife management.

(C) Strategies:

(i) Review andlor develop legislative framework as appropriate;

(ii) Strengthen andlor develop the necessary capacities within the institutions involved (e.g. Depariment of National Parks and Wildlife, Communities);

(iii) Develop and implement guidelines for respective utilisation schemes, witn regulations on licensing; regular inventories; determination and revising of quotas as well as adequate and cost-efiective monitoring schemes in liaison with the communities;

(iv) Identify species and forms of wildlif? that lend themselves to utilisation schemes.

(v) Identify beneficiaries and enter into agreement with beneficiaries;

(vi) Encourage game farming activities by communities;

jvii) Draw guideiines for collection of specimens including levy;

(.viii) Sensitise users of wildlife products such as traditional healers on legal requirements for keeping such products;

(ix) Encourage the formation of resource utilisation groups.

Malawi: . ildlife Policy 2 3

9.5 Hunting

Hunting is a high value recreational activity. There are substantial numbers of local .sport 'hunters in Malawi who are important stake-holders within the sector. Professional hunting is -a specialised activity .which mainly targets the off-take of adult males of different species. It is considered economically efficient. and, .if properiy managed. is as acceptable as otner forms of wildlik based tourism. Professional Hunting is -also corisistent with the policy of promoting low density and up market tourism and has considerable potential to generate for3ign exchange earnings. However, a high degree of professionalism is required for professional --

nunting to be internationally atiractive inihe medium and long terms.

! Traditional hunting is permitted under extant law. However, no subsidiary legislation ' has been developed to clarrfy hunting rights and methods to be use&-

(a) Purpose:

Promote wildlife-based sport huniing and clarify traditional hunting rights. --.

(b) Guiding Principle:

All hunting activities have to follow the principle of sustainable utiiisaiion and have to be in line with socially accepted norms. In particular, care has to be.taken to achieve maximum long-term benefits from hunting as opposed io possibly hign, but unsustainable short-term gains. Furthermore, Governmeni is committed, for ethical reasons, to ensure hign professional standards in all hunting operations, be they modern-style or traditional. Government also reseives the right to impose hunting restrictions on particular areas andlor species in the interest of conservation.

(c) Strategies:

ji) Ammd andlor develop legislation and guidelines for professional, sport, as well as traditional hunting (including methods to be employed) as required;

(ii) Reguiarly review the schedule of protected species that may be taken on licencs;

(iii) Empower traditional structures to grant permission to hunt on their land;

(iv) Determine hunting quotas on 2 scientific basis and moniror aamz popuiatrons which are hunted;

(v) Draw up effective and operational control mechanisms;

(vi) Establish guidelines for awarding licences and hunting concessions;

(vii) Introduce and oversee effective training and examination F:ogrammes for professional hunters to ensure the necessary competence and operational standards:

(viii) Ensure that game species are not hunted for less than the market value of their raw products.

9 . 6 Trade And Marketing Of Wildlife And WiidZiJe Products

Government encourages legal trade in wildlife and its products. Given the wildlife resources' great vulnerability, an effective regulatory system is considered ' indispensable'to manage trade in wildlife and wildlife products.

(a) Purpose: -

Government wishes t o develop a co-ordinated trade .and marketing system of -- < . wiidlife and -products that ensures sustainable benefits.

_- --- (b) Guiding Principles:

(i) All transactions involving wild animals or unprocessed wildlife products; other tnan meat, shall have proper authorisation. Furthermore all dealers, traders and manufacturers of wildlife products shall be licensed and registered. -1hey shall keep records of their transactions in a form satisfactory to the Department of National Parks and Wildlife and will submit respective returns as may be required.

(ii) The use and disposal of wildlife products and by-products that belong to the state (e.g. live captured animals, cropped meat, found or confiscated trophies) will be strictiy reguiated to ensure optimum returns and high standards of public accountability.

(iii) The Government shall uphold the principles of international conventions on trade in wildlife and wildlife products particularly the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). However Maiawi reserves the right not to support any resolution that infringes on its sovereign right to manage wildiiie to the benefit of the resources and the people sharing the iand with them.

(iv) The Government will only consider the export of wildlife taken as sustainable harvest frorn the wild.

(C) Strategies:

(i) Set standards and issue authorisations for trading and marketins wildlife and wiidlife products;

(ii) Strengthen monitoring and control capacities of the Department of National P a r k and Wildlife;

(iii) Estabiish and maintain a statistical data-base on commercial wildlife-related activities;

(iv) Develop and reguiarly update revpnue collection procedures frorn the sale of wildlife and wildlife products;

Malawi: Nildlife Policy -26 3

(v) Strengthen.the Department of National Parks and Wildlife's capacrty in treatment and preservation of wildlife products;

(vi) Encourage the private:sector to develop processing and marketin.g mechanisms for wildlife products;

(vii) Sensitise customs and other law enforcement officers on wildlife trade controls.

-- -

9.7 inbodrrction And Re-Introdnction'.Of WilcZZiJeSpecies And Keeping Of Animals I n :Cnptiviky l - -

~ o v e r n m e n i is aware of .the fact that introduction and re-introduction of wildlife species'is a valuable -tool for restocking depleted but suitable habitats in the country. It is also cautious that some introductions or re-introductions may have to be made from captive populations. Therefore it is the Government's commitment to support, where appropriate, the introduction or re-introduction of wildlife species and the keeping of wild animals in captivity.

(3) Purpose:

To enhance or maintain biological diversity.

(b) Guiding Principle:

lntroduction and re-introduction of wildlife species can adversely affect the delicate ecological balance in a given habitat. Therefore, in general, the introduction of wildlife species is not permitted. Exceptions which may be approved are species and sub-species which are or in recent history have been indigenous to Malawi. Where animals have to be kept in captivity, the facilities for holding them will meet high standards of animal husbancry and will be subjekt to veterinary inspection. Introduction of non-indigenous species may be allowed under very exceptional circumstances (e.g. use in research, stocking of zoos and pets) provided that Government is satisfied that such species are not released into the wild.

(c) Strategies:

(i) Draft legislative framework for reguiating zoos, keeping o i animals in capiiv~ty, and introduction of non-indigenous species:

(ii) Develop guidelines for keeping animals in captivity in aczordance with relevant international regulations;

.- (iii) Definz veterinary or phytosanitary requirements for intrcduced and rz-

introduced species;

(iv) -Develop regulatory mechanisms for introduced non-indigenous species;

10.0SPECIES PROTECTION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT F

10.2 Protection of Species

Government wishes to increase wildlife populations within ecological limits and without compromising other legitimate forms of land use. Acknowledging that wildlife occurs both in protected wildlife areas and outside and realising that the wildlife - i"'

i resources :are undervarious pressures from humans, there is n e ~ d to offer special protection t o certain species. I * 1"

(a) Pumose: . .-

Adequate and effective protection shall, be afforded to rare, endangered and 4 --- endemic species of wildlife. - - 1

W

(b) Guiding Principle: I .rr

l Legal protection of wildlife species is only considered in cases whgre survival of the population is directly threatened by human activities (e.g. over-exploitation). ?

-:.

(C) Strategies:

(i) Regularly update and pubiish a schedule of protected species;

(ii) Make provision for protected species that may be taken on licence.

Law Erz forcenzetzt . .

The deiicate nature of wildlife resources necessitates effective protection against illicit use as well as trade. 7

(a) Purpose:

Deter illegal activities including poaching and illegal trade of wildlife and wildlife products.

4

(b) Guiding Principles:

Successful law enforcement is dependent on well skilled, equipped, instructed * and motivated staff. Equally important is public awareness on the need to L

enforce laws designed to protect wildlife resources. This understanding can be achieved if communities iiving with the resources or directly impacted by them perceiv? them as their own. Furthermore, the effectiveness of law enforcement as a deterrent will depend on the sanctions and fines imposed by the judiciary

X 57

Malawi: gildlife Policy 28 .-

being high enough. Therefore, ther? is need to co-operate with the judiciary and other law enforcement agencies to ensure mutual appreciation of the wildlife resources.

(ii) Government acknowledges that the Department of National Parks and Wildlife eniorcement staff o f en encounter armed poachers and tnat they ars sometimes challenged. Uniortunately no legal provision is made to indemnify or compensate the s r a ~ in theevent of accidents or loss of life.

(iii) In the course of law enforcement, Depanment of Naiional Parks and Wildlife ---

staff a r t sometimes confronted wirh situations where items which cannot be easily moved (e.g. boats) are abandoneci'by pozshtrs. In thest circumstances, Officers are -tempted to destroy them so' that they are not re-used fo r - illegal- purposes. However, the law does noi protect them against-such events. Similarly,. movable items confiscated by law eniorcement staff create storage problems even though some of them I r e collecror's items. There is a general feeling that if these items were to be sold to the public they might again be used for illegal purposes.

(c) Strategies:

(i) Provide adsquate rrained staff; (ii) Provide adequaie equipment for taw enforcement operations;

(iii) Regularly review and if necessary.adjust reward and incentive schemes:

(iv) Conduct public awareness campaigns against illegal wildlife use and trade;

(v) Enhance sensii~sation of communities on the rationale and nezessity of law enforcement;

(vi) Integiar?, wherever appropriate, iocal communities. NGOs and the private secto: .into the law eniorcement system;

(viii) Regularly r9view fines and punishmen~s for illegal wiidlife use and i r a d ~ ;

(vii) Ennance and promote wildlife law enforczment Issues amons Judiciary and Poiice.

(ix) Establlsn CO-ordinattd under-cover invosiiaaiion crog;amrnes;

(X) Enhance cross-border collaboration with re ieva~t authorities (especially poiicc and customs);

-. (xi) Introduce iegal provisions to indemnify and compensate staff;

(xii) Drail legislation and estabiish guidelines for disposal of confiscated or abandoned items.

(xiii) Detsrmine rules of engagement for law eniorcement staff;

(xiv) Draft legislation to empower ofiicers to bearfire-arms

(v) 'Explore possibilities for compensating law enforcement officers wounded or killed in the line of duty and draft appropriate legislation

ANGOLA

hllnlslbre chargb de 18 chasse. Ce Mlnlslbro dbternilne ies condltlons de colporlage. de venle ou d'explollal lor~ du vlblor (art. 26 do Ia l01 no 82.10).

Eapbces riori prolbgbes: le Mlrilslbre chergb de la clrassa dbtorrnlne les conclltlons auxquellos son1 sournls lo Iransporl, le colporlage, la vonle el I'oxplollallon dos anl- IIIRUX clnssbs corilrno ri i~lslblos otr rnalfalsnnls ol rAgullbrernolit dblrkrlls (art. 39 do lo lol no 02.10).

Dbtentlori: loulo persorirro a lo droll de dbtenlr dos arllrnaux, A I'excepllon des espb- cos prolbybes, sous rbsorve clns exlgericos de sbcurllb RI d'Iiy(jlb11e (art. 15 de In lol no 83.03).

E. C o r n r n e r c e l r i l e r r i ~ l l o r i n l

L'lritroductlon, q~rel le qu'on sol1 I'orlglne, e l I'lrriporlallon sous lous rbglmes doua. rilers, do lout ou partle tl'arilrrlairx d'espbces rlori dorriosllques 01 de leurs prodults don1 la 11sIe est llxbe par err616 l on l I'oblel d'ulie autorlsatlon dbllvrbe dens 10s con- dltlons et selon les rnodallt6s Ilxbes par d6crel (art. 12 de la lol no 83.03).

L'o#portatlon e l la rboxporlatlori de lout ou parlle d'arilrriaux d'espbces non dornes- tlques et de leurs produlls dolit In llsle oat IlxAe par arrelb Ionl I'objol d'une ciulorl. sallon dbllvrbo daris les condltloris el solori les rriodalllbs llxbos par dbcrel (all. 12 do la lol 110 83.03).

€2. Adrnlnlslrallori dg In CITES

Organe de gesllon

hllnlslbro tld I'l~ydraullquo, do I 'envlror~~ierr ie i~l 01 dos IorOls Ex. Grand sbrr~lnalre Kouba, A l ~ e r Tbl6pl1orie: 589500, 586200, 507 19 1 I blex: 54125, 54 140 rnliyd (lz

Aulorllb sclentlllque:

l ~ ~ s l l t u l nallonal do la recliorcl~e loresllbre Arborelurii de Balenrri B.P. 37 I Cherage, Algei Tblbphone: 819790 .

ANGOLA 2

0 A. A p e r q u general A

Lo 18x10 do base semble blen encore blre le dbcret no 40.040 dU 20 janvler 1 9 5 W u Mlrilslre do I'Oulro.mor du Portugal. CO clbcrel a 416 roprls pour I'Anyola par le r ~i ior i t do cliasse dlr 11 cJ6cernbro 1957 qul est IouJours en vlguour. CO rbgler i~ 3: 616 ameridb par tlbcret du 27 lbvrler 1084. Uno nouvollo 101 esl en cows d ' b l a e a - tlon. E Al. ~ l s t e des lexles en vlgueur

4 0

1. Dbcrot no 40.040 dir 20 janvler 1955 6tabllssanl des rbglos pour la protecl londes sols, do Ia l lore et do la laune dans les provinces dloutre.rner. 2

2. nbglernent do cllasso du 11 dboeriibro l957 (Dlplorna Leglslatlvo no 2873). - -. A.2. Aulorltb coriipBlenlo 2 Mlnlst6rlo da Agrlcul!ura, Dlreccao Noclonal do Conservacao da Nalureza. ,r

(D A.3. Convontlofis Intornallonolee Cn -. L'Angola n'est partle n l b la CITES "l A la Convenllon alrlcalne. !.!l

P) r?:

B. R e s u m e d e s t e x t e s e n v l g u e u r o - 2

8.1. Dbcret no 40.040 du 20 Jar~v(er 1955 btabllssant des rbglos pour la protectton des sols, de la l lore 01 do la fauno daris les provlnces d'oulre.rner. 2

l

CO dAcrol prbvoll I'lnstllutlon do consolls de prolecllori de la nalure, Br~orico ceflal- nos niesuros pour la prolecllon tlos sol& prbvoll la crdallorl d'elros prolbgbos IlUrrr la proleclton de la faune et de la llore ot rbglernenle le cliasse et le pbdhe en d u x rlouces alnsl que le conirnerce des dbpoullles ot troplibes d'anlrnaux sauvag&II contlenl en annexe ono l lsle d1esp8ces prolbgbes doht nn ceriel l i riornbre v l v e r q n Arigoln. C.

Ce lexlo reprerld, er1 10s d6vel0~1~an1, 10s dlsposl l lor~s du dbcrel no 40.040 co&r rlarlt 10s alres prolbgdos, la cllaose 01 le cornrnerco tlos dbpoirllles e l I r o p l i b e s ~

U, - C. R b g l e r r ~ e r i l a t l o r i du p r b l b b e r n e n t C

l 0

C.1. PrblBvenioril Intordll Z 2

Los espbdos protAg6ev vlvan! or1 ~ n g o l o sorit QnurnBr~es h l 'anrhxe d u dbcrelCpo 40.040. Cette 1 1 ~ 1 0 a 616 reprlsp en eritiexe d d rbglemonl de chasso de I ' A ~ ~ Q D'autres espbcds y on1 616 aloutbes par la suite par amQndements au r b g l w n e n t B cllosso do ces espbces es! Intordlle. Est bgalernent If i lordllo la chssse des Jeunes anlrnaux e l des lornellos accornpagn8oa de lour8 pellls. La cliasse dos erllrriaux pro- tbgbs pout ceper~danl blre excopIlonriellerner,I eutorlsbe pour dos ralsons sclentl l l- ques ou bducallves ou pour dos ri iol l le lrnp61leux d'l1il8rbt pnbllc. Led ro l l de 1681-

SU4 Angola: Wildlife Legislation

W Q m A - 6 2 - m 3.- m - 'E m

B C = w - m In m ;? -

m 2 g - $G r- '0

R; 0 c E!? . . 8 " = I a - - - E = CD- S S

- - 0 E = m m 3 0 .

g EE > m - m m S" 0

m m 0 g , s g a m 5 2 7 5 zzE - - ;: m

F E m 3 --- r a g m - 7 m c a = = ' - > = _m z_o ? C . - m =

-Q) a m -U E T E.2 v 0 E ",

2 % X x u

3 a E m o 22 W

2 5 g 0" 2 % m d E 3 - m g: G m - = E 0 R E W

2 o c au g m m 5 W a g d o -

o ~ m ~ m m . 0 2 = 5 i g - - a s f m - . - m

E O E ~ ~ W E&iZwC g : '=a0 32 - = Q ) m 0 2 z= -=uz s : g E W g 3 -

. c m a m $ O m 3 W O - - = - Cg3u 2 =2!2*%?3 m - g c ; , w w - E

, . 3 m u - ?P - o - - m m ,=CL t m m c c w ~ =z-n<s- 3 2 m r , - c F g m m C O - . 2 g g o a r

W r n - 3 .= E= W

5 5 gg - b z;;aa$ = = W - W - = '" P3 0- - - - = : = m = - m 0-z g m ~ $ % c P = 0 - c-- o a = = a W c '=m O--, c m W m a n o o a E W W - - - , - w - a u = n s ~ - - z - - ~ - m - .c E?! 5 k m * 2 g a g 4-4;; a* = c c O E Z E z 0 m o n = = m ---U - i s

. a m e 2 a $ < z m a c E m ' E s E : ;j p c a r c o - - 0 0 c m 0

O V ) L 3 zm w r r - . U X - W m & ( D

- - m - 2 g 3 8 cc=-. N m = p Q 0 - - & U

p - , m m = - m 2 E W - = - O ' C

E 2: c =- = m E & 6 5 k g - -"= m u w g g = m 0 = = W 5

L? E c . a 8 = S U " , Z '. m 5 o e - - . : ; F i g W O - . CcZzF I-* 2 0 E - : = e z e S w ~ u g

z 2 z m z =;j- W E

- 5 E c E 2 : - - m 2 l!

0 u g m = :c?J FP 3 c 3 - C zijW%sYi

" L 0 ? G = 2 2 - 3 m-= gg; - a m -= C m m 2 I? 0 92 z

6-O Am -C

,,,m= m = - c g < g 6% C C : . c o - 5 v ' U a

$ : g E V) m = z z 3;z a m m - c V) "o= 2 - - 0 0

4 a : = c = - = g = W z m d Ql V) pg -. V) ,-- ?? m ? : 'o m Z E m - - 8 g z i

- G = g . _ ---- - m - :

3 o 3-07 oru

E. C o m n i e r c e ~ r i l e r n a l l o n a l

Le clbcrel no 40.040 01 lo dlplorna loglslnllvo rro 2873 r ~ o coritlorlnent auctlne cllsftosl- 11011 relallvo I ' l r l l l~or ln l lor~ d'nr~lrllaux sn1lvngo.s OII tle lntrrs ~1rod1111s.

L'exporlallon de iropt16es ou dbpoullles d'anlrnaux sauvages ost lnlordlle sarls cor- l l l lcat d'orlglne 011 autorlsallon de I'eutorllb con~pblonle apporlanl la preuve de la dblerl l lor~ l6gltlrrle dosdlls trophbes otr dbpoulllos. Err outre, I'exportallor~ do I'lvolre d'blbphanl ou d'l~lppopolarne, ou do cornos do rhlnocbros, n'osl auIor1sbo qtre sl les spbcl~rlens son1 111nrqu4s c o r ~ f o r r r ~ b r ~ r o ~ ~ l A Io r6glernorllnllor1 (art. 93 rltt tlll)lorrra l e~ l s l a l l va r ~ o 21173).

L'exportallor~ do vlondo de cllesse, frolche, sbclibe, fumbe, ou sulrornoril p rb~e rbe esl Irllerdlle. Los c l~asseurs peuver~l, lo l~lefols, exporlor 30 kg de vlande dans leurs bagages person~rels (art. 94 du dlplo~na leglslallvo no 2073).

L'exportallon d'nr~lrrlnux sauveges vlvar~ls nbcesslte rrr~o at~lor lsal lon do I'sutorltb corr~pblente (art. 95 du d l p l o r ~ ~ a leg l~ la l lvo no 2073).

E.2. CITES

L%ngola n'osl pns Parllo h la CITES.

La lol do base esl I'ordonnanca no 00.0 du 11 lbvrlor 1980 sur la protecllon de la rlalure 01 I'exerclce do cllasse ternpiace l'ordonnanco no 71.41 d u 6 seplernbre 1971.

A.I. Llete des textes ell vlgueur

l. Ordonnonce no 80.8 du l l levrier IQ80 portant r8glernenlallon sur la prolocllon .

de la nature et I'exerclce de la chasse en Rbpubllque populalre du BBnln.

2. Ordonhance no 00.9 dl l 1 1 l6vrlor 1900 porlant f lxallon des redevances pervues or1 appllcallon dee rbglernerils de la chesae e l des taxes d'aballage pour 10s aril- rllrltrx I ~ I A J d n r i ~ Inn zonos cynbg&(r)iloa e l zonos dltes Ilbros.

3. I)bcrel rlo 00.30 du l l fbvrler 1000 relet11 aux porrnls do cllnsse 01 c10 cepluro, h In l f l l l l t~de d'aballage dos anlrnalrx seuvagos 01 allx guldes do cliasse er1 Rbpubll. quo populalre du 8411ln.

A.2. AutorltB conipblenle

Mlnlstbre du Dbvelopponlenl Rural et de i '~ct lo11 Coopbrallve, Dlrecllon des Eaux, Forhls ot Chasse. 2

(U - A.3. Corlventlons lnler~rellonaies.

Le RBr~ln esl parl le b In CITES depuls le 20 rnal 1904.11 n'esl pas parl le A la Cor~veri- 2 l lori afrlcalne. a_ -

;D" r

B. RBsume des t e x l e s e t i - v l g d e l l r m 'D

8.1. L'ordonnance no 00.0 du 1 1 fbvrler 1900 dbflnl l [a laulie sauvage qul es l corlsll- tube par l ou r les onlnlaux sauvaoes vivanl er1 l lbsrlb e l classbs parrnl les rnamnilfb- res ( b I'excepllon dos clrlroplbres et das murldbs), 10s olsentrx, 10s crocodiles, les 3

varans, les pytt~orrs, 10s lorlues et 10.9 polssons. La feuno fl111sI t1bfIr11e epparllenl b I'Elal. L'Ordonnarlce blabllt plusleurs calbgorles dans lesquelles seront classbes cos ospbces anlrrlales. Elle dbflnl l les dllfbrenls lypes d'alres prol4gbes 01 flxo leur rbglrllo jurldlque. Ello rbglo~nento I'exorclce do ia chasse, I~l lorc l l l cerlelnes rnblllo. dos tle cllaese, rbglor~ier~le la d6ler1llon 01 Ie cornrnorce des trophbes e l d8poullles, crbe plrrsleurs calbgorlos do perlnls de chasse, e l rbglernolrte I'organlsallori des Imltuos. Elle prbvoll bgnlernenl dos rriost~res do rbpresslor~ dos I r~ f rac~ lons. Les lls- les d'nr~lrnaux prolbg6s, pftrtlellernenl prolbgbs e l glbler f lguronl en annexe.

8.2. LqO(dor1nar~ce rlo 80.9 du 11 fbvrlor l900 l lxe le rnonl?nl .des redevances p e r ~ u o s on appllcallorr des rbglernents sur In chasse e l des taxes d'aballage pour les nrllrr~aux tubs dens lea zones cyn6g6llqries. Elle pr6clse en outre qu'll ne peul Etre tub plus d'un 4Ibpl1n11l 01 d'un I ~ ~ p p ~ p ~ l a l n e par chasseur et par an.

8.3. Le dbcrel no 00.30 du 11 lbvrler 1980 flxe lok condl l lor~s do dbll;rance et do vall. dllb dos dlffbror~ts lypes do perrnls de cllaseo alnsl que lea lel l lutles d'aballngo cor-

01 rospondenles. II flxe 6galenlenl lee ~ o n d l l l o r ~ s pour les pernlls do qnplure sclenllll- UI

IA 19 008025032 0 I K OAZELLA DAIAA ~ . 1 0 m o ~ 5 m 3 o I I( OAZELIA norims

A.10 W 1 003003 0 I K PIIAUCIIOCOHAX ARISIOIELIS A IOW4 W3010 0 I K PlIALACllOCOllAX CAll l lO A.11 001.001 OM 0 I K uOlAUl l l lS S l F l l A l l l S A.1 l W4.002003 0 I I( CICOIIIA CICOIIIA A l l 0 0 1 W2 000 0 I K ClCOlflA tllOflA A.I I 00s m 0 0 3 o I K o E n o t t r I c u s EREMIIA A 11005019.003 G I K PLATALU LEUCORODIA A l l 000 W3403 0 I K PIiOEIiICOPTERUS ROSEUS

REFEllS TO PHOEtiICOPTERIIS RVAER ROSklJS NOW COElSIDERED A ' FULL SPECIES, PIIOEHICOPI t l lUS ROSEUS A 12002 002.003 0 I K AtiSER AVISER A 124020130l?O I K AYTHYA ItYROCA A l 2 002 020001 0 I K tdARtAAllOtlE1'IA ANOUSllROSTRlS A 12002 041.03 0 I K lAOOI7ltA FERRUOlNrA

A l0000 003004 0 I K I lECUIIVIIIOSllU AVOSE I IA A 10010008000 0 I K Illlh!ENIUS lC t l l J l~OSl l1 l l i A 18 014 003.004 0 I K U A U S AUDOlJINII A-lO014.010WI O I K OFLOCIIELIClOt4 N l tO l lCA A.10010 W2031 0 I K ALCA TOflOA

A 22 W 1 008404 0 I K APUS AFFlNlS A-27 027 W1.002 0 I K ClNCLllS CItlCLUS A.27035 001423 0 I I< S I n A LEDAtiII A.274430214l8 0 I K EhlEERlZA HORIUUNA

R01 W7 012001 0 I K FMYS ORAICULI\RIS FI 01 007 022 00 I G I K h4AVREMYS CASI'ICA

rlrrcns 10 CIELIMYS LEI'IIOSA, A SYNONYM OF MA~IIIEMYS CASPI CA ROl4 l l 4 lOOOI 0 I K IESIUOOO~AECA n-o3-00! 002 01 I o I K AOAMA OlnltnNl I703001 W2040 0 I K AOAMA MUlAl3lLlS H03001 035.001 0 I l( UROMASlYX ACANTHINUIIUS H03-005002014 0 1 K CklAhlAELEO CIfAMAELEOtI R03010 W 1 015 0 I K VAIIAIIUS OIIISEUS

Artooln

Hunllng Feunn Prolocled oress

ANQOLA

h. lnnguaoo

kc r rmen l lypn

Flald 01 sppl. .

Tllln Iransl.

b c . dale

f lale~snca nr

Anlandmonl~

Vnlld as o l

lnch. commaril

l8721 113 Dlplonia loglslnllvo 107 172 19840227 Docrelo 14184 '

Provldas tor I l lo oelnbllslrrnonl o l p~olac lad arson ; leys down condlllons tor Itto Isauar~co , vnlldlly and uaa o l hunllnp Ilcer~caa : reglrlnloa Itado In Irophles : llals prolaclad and gnma speolsa : slso provldos lor enlorcam~nl msneurao and ponalllos

--M).OM) UOOOXl ANllAAI.IA THE IIbNTINO OF YOUNO ANIMALS AND OF FEMALES ACCOMPANIED OY YOUHO ANIMALS IS PROIIIOIIED u m E n ' Tt11S IIEOULAlIOtI

Mnmrnalln M.OBWO.MX) W 1 0 1 K I FhtIIIIOIDEA REFEIIS 10 ALL SPECIES OF LEMURS

M 0 6 0 0 8 d . 0 1 N PAPlO CYNOCEPIIALUS h i W ~ W 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 l K COLOEUS h ~ W 0 0 8 ~ n 4 0 1 Q I K oonlLLA oon iLLA + REFERS TO SUBSPECIES GORIL~A OORILIA GORILU\;

ALSO CLASSIFIES TIIE GORILLA AS A DANOEROUS AEIlhlAL THE WOUNDIN0 OF Wli lCH MUST BE REPOlllED

km opewamz Q I K PAN TROGLODnEs REFERS TO PAN SAlYRUS SATYRUS. A SYNONY1.I OF SUBSPECIES PAN IRWLOOYIES ~ ~ ~ G L O D ~ E S

MOB00l400000 0 I K MAttIDAE MOOW2000000 11 I K LEPORIDAE M~t@W1~001.M)1 14 I K PEDEIES CAPENSIS

REFERS TO PEDRES CAFER ANOOLAE A SYNOtlYM OF SUESPECIES PEDETES CAPEIISIS ANOOLAE

M.IM)I~~ZOOI t i I K I f Y s i n l x A~RICAEAVSIRAL IS M.12WI~003UOI 0 I k CANIS AD~sTUS M.12001 MMW N CANIS MESOMEUS M.12401010001 H I K LYCAON PICTUS M-124014I2 W1 0 I K OTOCYON MEGALOTIS M-IZM)IOI$OOJ Q I K VULPES CIIAMA M.lioorooooos 14 I k ~USIEL~DAE.O~.L~JIAI~JAE hi.tZMI40I I 001 11 I K MELLIVORA CAPENSIS hi.I2X)05000009 t l l k VlVERRlDAEM IIERPESTIt4AE

, M.12005001000 t i 1 K OENEl lA M - 1 2 W 0 0 5 W I H I K VIVERRA CIVETTA

LISTED AS C lVE l l lC l lS CIVETTA M-12005033001 d I K SUAlCATA ~UIIICATTA hi.12000 W I W1 Q I K CnOCUTA CnOCUTA M.12008-002~( 0 I K HYAENA BRUtlNEA M-12000003OO1 0 I K PROIELES CRISTATUS

REFERS TO SLJBSPECIES PAOIELES ClllSTATUS I{AflRISONI )v( 12.0700fWS G I K FELlS CARACAL

M 12007 001403 N FE1 IS CATUS 12.607001014 11 I K FE1 IS LlPYCA

REFERS TO WILD CATS M.I2M)7WIfl25 ll I K FE1 IS SERVAL M 12W7W2 W 1 0 I K I1AtlTllERA I E 0 ' CIASSIFIED I l t IDkI l TlllS I A W AS A DAtlGEROUS Atlll.4Al ' TllE WOII l IDI t I~ l OF WIIICII h1IIST OE REPOflTElt hl 12W1002W4 0 I K PAItII4EflA PARDLIS

M - I 2 W 7 0 0 3 W l 0 1 I( ACItIOtlYX JUBATUS M l3000WOWO 0 ( K PINtlIPEIIIA M.15 W 1 002 W ) 0 I1 I I( I OXODOtfTA AFRICANA ' IIEFEIIS TO LOXOnOlfTA AFRlCAIlA AN0 TO SIIflSIILCII-S

lOX0lIOtlTA AFRICAHA CYCI.OTIS: PROIIIBIISTIIC IAKING OF FIEPIIANTS WITII TIISKS WEIOIIItIO I ESS 1t IAt l TCtI

" KILOGRA1.4S; AI 6 0 CI.ASSIFIES TtIE El EPIIAtIT AS A DAtlOEROIIS AtIIMAI TIIE WOlI1lDItlO OF WIIICII . . MUST BE REPORTED

hb17W2 W 1 W 0 I K THICIIECHUS SEIIEGALEIISIS M.18WI W I W2 ( I I K EQUllS BURCllELLl M - I Q W I W l 0 0 7 0 I K EQIIIIS ZEBRA

REFERS TO SIIOSPICIES EOll l lS ZEBRA tIAHTMAtItIAt M.IBW3 W I W 1 G I K CERAlOTIlEfl l l lM SlMllM

REFERS 10 SIIIISI'ECIES CEIIATOTtIERIIIM Slh4llM SlhItlM; ALSO CLASSIFIES T111S ANIMAL A9 A DANOFROllS AlllhiAL

' TllE WOlll lDll lO OF Wl l lCl l I.IIJST BE flEl'ORrEI1 M 18 W 3 W2 W l 0 l F DlCEOOS BlCORtllS

DAEIQEROUS AtllMAC TIIE wOUtIDItIQ OF WtIICII MUST BE REPORTED

ht l 0 W l O Q l W l I1 I K PIIACOCIIOERUS AETtiIOPICUS Id l O W I W 4 0 0 l ) l I K POTAMOCIIEIIUS PORCUS M.I0003 002031 0 l K IIIPPOPOTAMUS Al.lPtlIDII1S

CLASSIFIED IIt lDEfl TtIIS LAW AS A DANGEIIOIIS AIIIMAL ' THE WOUNDltl0 OF Wt l lCl i MUST BE dEPORTED ~ l O 0 0 7 4 O l M ) l o I K OlflAFF4 CAMELOPARDAI IS

REFERS TO SIIOSPECIES OlRAFFA CAMELOPARDAI IS AtIOOl ENSIS h l~10000W500 l I t ( K SYEICERIIS CAFFFQ

REFERS TO SYtICE(IIIf3 CAFFER ANP TO SYtlCkflIlS NAIIOS NOW COtlSlDEPED A SIIOSPECIES OF SYNCEnllS CAFrEfl. Syt.rCERUS CAFFER NAt(llS; THESE W O FORMS ARE CLASSIFIED A8 DANOEROIIS APIMAI S T I E p'OIJt4DItIO OF WHICli MUST DE DCPOflTEQ

h! 1 0 0 0 8 W 0 0 2 If I F TAUROTPAOUS Onyx ONLY MALES CA11 DE IIUNTED

M 1000Q008Oa5 I1 I K TPAOtl APIIIIS SCRIPTUS ONLY MA1 ES CPt( BE (IlINTfiD

M.10008 W R W II I K THAOEIAPl(IJS SPEUEI IOWBWOW7 II 1 K II!AOCLAPll!IS STRCPSICFIIOS

ONLY MALES CAfI flfi IIIINTED h! 1 0 M W ) M W 3 I 1 I K CEPIIAIOP~IIIS DOHSAI IS

L

M . l 9 0 0 8 M W 7 11 1 K CkPtIALOPItUS MOVTICOI A LISTED AS GlJEVEl CAERULEA

h i . 1 Q O O 9 ~ o l o 0 I F CEPIIALOPHUS EIIGRIFRONS 14 ~ ~ ~ M ) ( I o I ~ o I K CEPIIALOPIIUS SlLv lcuLTon M 10&010001 14 I K SYLVICAPHA GRlMMlA

0 ( 2 0 0 f 0 I I( ALCEUPIIUS BUSELAPIIUS LIS ED AS ALCEIAPIII~S CAAMA ,'

t l lOWBOIZW2 0 I K ALCEUPIIIJS LICHTENSTEItlI M 1QWB013 W 2 t l I K CONNOCHAETES TALIflItlUS

ONLY MALES CAN BE IIIJNTED M 10000014 00.1 0 1 K DAMAI (SCUS IllF(A1119

Avas

111-1000DOlb001 ll I K HIf'POlRAGUS EOll l l l l tS ONLY hlAI ES CAN BE HIJNlED

M-lBWB015002 G I K tiIPPOTRAGUS tlIGER REFERS TO SllBSPEClES HlPPOTRAGlJS NIGEH NIOER AND HIPPOTRAOOS IlIOER VARIANI

M ~ l 0 0 0 g 0 1 Q W I 0 I1 I K KOBllS El I IPSlPllYMNllS REFEflS TO KOUllS Cl LIPSIPflYIANUS AND TO KOflUS DEFASSA

ONLY MAI ES, IIOWEVER. CAN BE IIUtlTED; TllE OTllER SUBSPECIES ARE FllLLY PllOTECTEU

M-18 008410 003 11 I l( KOBLIS I ECHE ' ONLY MALES CAN OE Il l l l lTED M.ln ~ . 0 1 a - m 5 a I K KOBUS VARL)O~II

011l.y I.~AI.CS CAN nE HUNTED M.100WOfl-00111 I K ORYX GAZk l lA ' Ot I l Y MALES CAN OF. I4IJIITED M.IO.M0010 W ! I1 I K REDUtICA AflLItIDItiIIM

ONLY MALES CAtl DE HUNTED f A ~ 1 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 2 0 ~ 1 0 H I K AEPYCEROS I4ELAt.IPllS ' REFERS TO SllflSPEClES AEPYCEROS MElAl.iPtIY PEIEIISI WIIICII IS

FULLY PROTECTED; OTtlER SIJBSPECIES ARE CLASSIFIED AS GAME SPECIES; 0 l l l .Y IdAl ES. HOWEVER. CAt l OE t4IIEITED

1A.18008022 W 1 I1 I K ANTIDORCAS MARSIII'IAI IS REFERS TO SlltlSPEClES AtITlDOflCAS MARSIIPIALIS AtIGOI.EtISIS

M.lQMIO-027W2 t l I K MADOOUA KlRKll 1 ISTED AS MA0001lA DAMARENSIS

M.IOWB0M W 1 t I I K OREOTRAGUS ORE01 RAGOS M~lB~0080.10001 11 I K OUREOIA OIJREDI M~l9008032001 II I K RAPHICERUS CAhlPESTRIS

AOI W I M 1 001 0 I K STIIUTIIIO CAIAELIIS REFERS TO SUBSPECIES STRUTHI0 CAhiELllS AIISTflALIS

AOB 001406002 0 I K SPHEIJISCUS DEMEllSllS A44001 M 2 WO N PODICEPS A-10002 WO000 0 I K PELECAt1IDAE A l 1 001 OWWO 0 I K ARDElDAE A.l I W 4 WO000 0 I K CICOtIIIDAE A I 1 W1 M3003 0 I K CPHlPPlORtlYtICllllS St 11t.GA1 FIISIS A-l1004005 W2 0 ( K Ltl'TOPTILOS CRIIMLtlIFEHUS A-1 I OOBWOOOO 0 I H PHOENICOPTERIDAE A l2002 000OM ll I K AIIATIDAE

REFERS TO DUCKS AtlD GEESE A-13 000OOODW t l FALCOtlIFORhtES

REFERS TO DlROS OF PREY It1 GEtlERAL A.13003.000000 0 I K ACClPlTRlDAE

REFERS TO FAOI.ES A.13003~OWWl O I K AEGYPIINAE A.13 004,001 W I 0 I K SAOIllARIUS SEt1PI:IJTAfllllS A.14.003000M5 l 1 I K PIIASIANIDAE.05 EIIIMIOINAE ~ - 1 4 . m n nzn coo II I K co~un~c~x

REFEilS TO OIIAll S A-14.003 031 MO H l K EXCAl FACTOfllA

REFERS TO 01IAIlS A-14.003 032 MO 11 I K FRAlICOLltlUS A.I5+4 LXlO(X)O 0 I K GRUIDAE A.15012000MK) ll I K OTIDIDAE

A1.L MEMBERS OF TIIIS FAh1ll.Y ARE CI.ASSIFIED AS GAME BIRDS EXCEPT NEOTlS CAFRA (LISTED AS OTlS DEtlI1AMI) WIiICtl IS

' FULLY PROTECIEO A.15012.WB W3 O I K NEOTlS CAFRA

HEFEIIS TO O l lS I j tHt IAhi I NOW COP1S11~EllkIj A SIILISPECIES p F