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Hybrid Hard Disk AndHybrid Hard Disk AndReadyDrive™ Technology: ReadyDrive™ Technology: Improving Performance And Power Improving Performance And Power For Windows Vista Mobile PCs For Windows Vista Mobile PCs
Ruston PanabakerRuston PanabakerArchitectArchitectWindows Hardware Innovation GroupWindows Hardware Innovation Group
Session GoalsSession Goals
Attendees should leave this sessionAttendees should leave this sessionwith the followingwith the following
An understanding of the Hybrid Hard Disk An understanding of the Hybrid Hard Disk technology benefits to the end usertechnology benefits to the end user
An understanding of the configuration control An understanding of the configuration control for the H-HDD including OEM benefits such for the H-HDD including OEM benefits such as pinning applicationsas pinning applications
PC system design considerations whenPC system design considerations whenusing Hybrid Hard Disksusing Hybrid Hard Disks
Focus on Mobile HDDFocus on Mobile HDD
Mobile PCs growing rapidly (20-30%)Mobile PCs growing rapidly (20-30%)
Top Mobile PC User ConcernsTop Mobile PC User ConcernsPerformancePerformance
Battery lifeBattery life
HDD consumes 8-10% of power in a laptopHDD consumes 8-10% of power in a laptop
HDD seek latencies create PC HDD seek latencies create PC performance bottleneckperformance bottleneck
Windows PC AcceleratorsWindows PC Accelerators
Reducing the mobile HDD Reducing the mobile HDD performance impactperformance impact
Windows Windows SuperFetchSuperFetchTMTM
Windows Windows ReadyBoostReadyBoostTMTM
Windows Windows ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM
Use available main Use available main memory more memory more effectivelyeffectively
Optimized based on Optimized based on user behavioruser behavior
More main system More main system memory is better in memory is better in Vista to avoid memory Vista to avoid memory pressure and disk pressure and disk contentioncontention
Use Flash devices Use Flash devices to cache additional to cache additional memory pagesmemory pages
Optimized based on Optimized based on user behavioruser behavior
Enhances system Enhances system performance during performance during memory pressurememory pressure
Use Hybrid Hard Use Hybrid Hard Disks to save power, Disks to save power, increase reliability and increase reliability and performanceperformance
Optimized based on Optimized based on user behavioruser behavior
Enhances system Enhances system performance during performance during disk contentiondisk contention
What Is A Hybrid Hard Disk What Is A Hybrid Hard Disk (H-HDD)?(H-HDD)?
NVCache
A H-HDD also hasa non-volatile cache
DRAMCacheAll disks have
a DRAM cache
ATA ATA InterfaceInterface
Hybrid Disk Drive BenefitsHybrid Disk Drive Benefits
Up to 90% Power Saving when
powered down
Read and Write instantly while
spindle stopped
Read instantly even while spindle spinning for higher
IO rate
ATA ATA InterfaceInterface
Disk comes ready in less than 1
second
NVCache
DRAMCache
Windows ReadyDrive™Windows ReadyDrive™
Technology in Windows Vista which usesTechnology in Windows Vista which usesH-HDD hardware to deliver user benefitsH-HDD hardware to deliver user benefits
PerformancePerformanceFaster boot and Resume from HibernateFaster boot and Resume from Hibernate
Faster and more consistent application launchFaster and more consistent application launch
Reduced disk contentionReduced disk contention
Saves battery powerSaves battery power
Increased system ruggedness and reliabilityIncreased system ruggedness and reliability
Works with all SKUs of Windows Vista onWorks with all SKUs of Windows Vista onany Hybrid Hard Disk enhanced for Windows any Hybrid Hard Disk enhanced for Windows ReadyDriveReadyDrive
Hybrid Hard Disk Boot And Hybrid Hard Disk Boot And ResumeResume
During shutdown or hibernate all the During shutdown or hibernate all the disk sectors needed to boot or disk sectors needed to boot or resume are pinned into the NV resume are pinned into the NV cachecache
On next power on the BIOS POST On next power on the BIOS POST runs and the disk is powered on but runs and the disk is powered on but the spindle won’t be ready for 2-4 the spindle won’t be ready for 2-4 secondsseconds
BIOS can read data from the NV BIOS can read data from the NV cache and all boot process IO can cache and all boot process IO can be read from the NV Cachebe read from the NV Cache
Once the rotating media is ready IO Once the rotating media is ready IO can be satisfied by both NV Cache can be satisfied by both NV Cache and rotating media for optimized and rotating media for optimized read performanceread performance 2.5” HDD2.5” HDD
Hard DiskController
NV Cache
MotherboardMotherboard
DRAM
ATAController
Windows Vista OS
ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM System Startup System Startup
Hybrid HDD comes ready faster and fast BIOS POST Hybrid HDD comes ready faster and fast BIOS POST reads from disk earlierreads from disk earlier
LBAs needed to start boot process are read fromLBAs needed to start boot process are read fromNV Cache before the magnetic spindle is readyNV Cache before the magnetic spindle is ready
No seek times for data in NV Cache for the remainder of No seek times for data in NV Cache for the remainder of startupstartup
BIOS andDisk spin-up Read disk
Read NV Cache
Std HDD
Hybrid HDD Read disk and NV Cache
timetime
Standard HDD
Read IOs
Write IOs
CPU is underutilized during much of boot while waiting for IO
Many small sequential read IOs early in boot using BIOS driver resultin high IO/s
During most of boot the IO/s and resulting data rate is quite low Typical max IO/s
Read IOs
Write IOs
CPU is kept much busier throughout boot with higher IO rate
Typical max IO/s
Eliminating seeks by satisfying IO from the NV Cache allows for much higher IO/s
Prototype H-HDD
Shows when processes are started and stopped as boot progresses
For example, note LogonUI.exe start time with std HDD
Additional processesstart in future
Standard HDD
LogonUI.exe started much earlier withH-HDD system
H-HDD handles the random IO created by many services issuing IO much better then std HDD
Prototype H-HDD
Power Saving ModePower Saving Mode
SuperFetch buffers disk SuperFetch buffers disk data in system DRAM to data in system DRAM to fulfill reads fulfill reads Write IOs buffered in NV Write IOs buffered in NV cache while disk is spun cache while disk is spun downdownDisk spins up only whenDisk spins up only when
Read cache miss Read cache miss NV cache fullNV cache full
The disk spins-down and The disk spins-down and continues to use the NV continues to use the NV cachecache 2.5” HDD
Hard DiskController
NV Cache
Motherboard
DRAM
ATA Controller
Windows Vista OS
Power SavingsPower SavingsDepends on usage and ability to reduce Depends on usage and ability to reduce reads/writes to the platterreads/writes to the platter
More RAM is betterMore RAM is better
More NV Cache is betterMore NV Cache is better
Less user activity is betterLess user activity is better
Percent Spundown Time Operating on Battery
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Writeback +Spindown Logic
64 128 256 512 1024
NV Cache Size (MB)
Per
cen
t S
pu
nd
ow
n T
ime
Active Use Scenario
Idle Scenario
DVD Playback
Power Savings ExamplesPower Savings Examples
Active Use Example:Active Use Example:1.5W HDD spun-up1.5W HDD spun-up
0.5W HDD spun-down0.5W HDD spun-down
15W typical laptop15W typical laptop
Spun down 60% of timeSpun down 60% of time
4% battery saved or 4% battery saved or 12min on 5 hour battery12min on 5 hour battery
Idle Example:Idle Example:1.3W HDD spun-up1.3W HDD spun-up
0.3W HDD spun-down0.3W HDD spun-down
8W typical laptop8W typical laptop
Spun down 95% of timeSpun down 95% of time
12% battery saved or 36 12% battery saved or 36 min on 5 hour batterymin on 5 hour battery
Increased RuggednessIncreased RuggednessAnd ReliabilityAnd Reliability
RuggednessRuggednessWhen drive is spun down it is much more resilient to When drive is spun down it is much more resilient to damageThe resulting behavior of a hybrid hard disk is to write damageThe resulting behavior of a hybrid hard disk is to write less data with fewer seeks to the magnetic platter with a less data with fewer seeks to the magnetic platter with a reduced duty cycle and should increase the MTBF of the HDDreduced duty cycle and should increase the MTBF of the HDD
ReliabilityReliabilityLower operating temperature and key component use could Lower operating temperature and key component use could lead to significantly better mean time before failurelead to significantly better mean time before failure
Warranty and support savings could potentially cover Warranty and support savings could potentially cover some or all of the cost of NV Cache some or all of the cost of NV Cache
OEM Pinning For Faster OEM Pinning For Faster Application LaunchApplication Launch
Offsets within files and/or specific LBAs Offsets within files and/or specific LBAs can be specified by the PC OEM in can be specified by the PC OEM in registry for pinning in the NV Cacheregistry for pinning in the NV Cache
Consistently fast Windows HotStartConsistently fast Windows HotStartTMTM experiencesexperiences
Consistently fast application launchingConsistently fast application launching
Only supported when sufficient NVOnly supported when sufficient NVCache size is availableCache size is available
System Design for System Design for ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM
Only requirement is H-HDD enhanced for Only requirement is H-HDD enhanced for ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM
Optional: BIOS should exit POST rapidlyOptional: BIOS should exit POST rapidlyFast memory checkFast memory check
Fast Chipset initializationFast Chipset initialization
Fast Video initializationFast Video initialization
Initialize HDD early Initialize HDD early
Recommended Main memory – 1GBRecommended Main memory – 1GBMore main memory or Windows ReadyBoostMore main memory or Windows ReadyBoostTMTM device device will allow drive to stay spun-down longerwill allow drive to stay spun-down longer
H-HDD Considerations H-HDD Considerations NV Cache SizeNV Cache Size
50 MB minimum supported NV Cache size for Windows 50 MB minimum supported NV Cache size for Windows VistaVista
120-256 MB currently recommended as minimum to get 120-256 MB currently recommended as minimum to get significant performance and power savings benefitssignificant performance and power savings benefits
Greater than 100MB required for OEM pinned dataGreater than 100MB required for OEM pinned data
Boot, Resume,Power Savings
00 50 MB50 MB 100 MB100 MB 240 MB240 MB 1GB1GB 2GB2GB 4GB4GB 2048GB2048GB
MinMin MaxMax
OEM pinned data,or Superfetch pinned data
H-HDD ConsiderationsH-HDD ConsiderationsPerformancePerformance
Performance gains in Windows are nearly linearPerformance gains in Windows are nearly linearwith NV Cache performance gains!with NV Cache performance gains!
Minimum Read/Write IO throughputMinimum Read/Write IO throughput
> 4 MB/s> 4 MB/s 4 KB random reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache4 KB random reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache
> 4 MB/s> 4 MB/s 4 KB random writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache4 KB random writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache
> 8 MB/s> 8 MB/s 64 KB sequential writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache64 KB sequential writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache
> 16 MB/s> 16 MB/s 64 KB sequential reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache64 KB sequential reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache
< 1 ms< 1 ms Single 4 KB random read IO to NV CacheSingle 4 KB random read IO to NV Cache
< 1 ms< 1 ms Single 4 KB random write IO to NV CacheSingle 4 KB random write IO to NV Cache
Minimum Read/Write IO latencyMinimum Read/Write IO latency
ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM Futures Futures
Larger NV Cache sizes for the same costLarger NV Cache sizes for the same costEnables new scenariosEnables new scenarios
Faster NV Cache access and throughputFaster NV Cache access and throughputNAND Flash interface performance doubling NAND Flash interface performance doubling every yearevery year
Directly translates into Windows performanceDirectly translates into Windows performance
Additional form factorsAdditional form factors1.8”, 3.5”1.8”, 3.5”
Call To ActionCall To Action
Determine if H-HDD is appealing solution Determine if H-HDD is appealing solution for your productsfor your products
Contact HDD vendors for roadmaps, Contact HDD vendors for roadmaps, samples and product informationsamples and product information
Experiment with pinning your own Experiment with pinning your own applications using Windows Vista betasapplications using Windows Vista betas
ContactContactwith any questionswith any questions
MSHybrid @ microsoft.comMSHybrid @ microsoft.com
Performance: What do users see?Performance: What do users see?
Slow state transitionsSlow state transitionsBoot, hibernate, resumeBoot, hibernate, resume
Increased disk access under memory Increased disk access under memory pressurepressure
Reduces performanceReduces performance
Program launch can be slowProgram launch can be slowCold memoryCold memoryCompeting I/OCompeting I/O
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions,
it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.