1

WINLAB IAB MeetingDec 7, 2005

Rutgers, The State University of New Jerseywww.winlab.rutgers.edu

Contact: Professor D. Raychaudhuri, Directorray@winlab.rutgers.edu

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WINLAB STATUS UPDATE

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WINLAB Status Update

WINLAB activity snapshot as of Fall 2005:~25 faculty/staff (15 academic faculty + 10 research staff/adjunct faculty)~45 graduate students (~75% PhD)~15 companies in corporate sponsor program17,000 sq-ft in facilities, including new Tech Center II building (…old WINLAB building to be vacated by Dec 31)

Industry funding ~$1M (including both annual sponsorship and focus projects)$3M+ federal research funding, mostly from NSF~$600K in NJ State + Rutgers funding (...RU portion increasing in FY05)Total funding level ~$4-5M in FY’05 (...~3x FY’01, ~= FY’04)

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Status Update: Faculty List 6/05Radio Resource

Management &

Wireless Systems

Radio/ Modem Technology

Mobile Network Architecture &

Protocols

Sensor Nets& Pervasive Computing

Y. LuM. BushnellB. Ackland1

P. SpasojevicL. GreensteinR. Rajnarayan (Research Engineer) K. Wine (Research Engineer)

P. Henry (AT&T Labs)*

Students:PhD – 7MS – 2

R. YatesC. RoseN. MandayamD. FrenkielZ. Gajic

L. Razoumov (Intel)*

Students:PhD – 10MS – 2

D. RaychaudhuriW. TrappeI. Seskar (Assoc Dir IT)R. Siracusa (Research Specialist)1

M. Ott1R. Howard1

S. Paul

H. Liu (Thomson)*A. Acharya (IBM)*

M. GruteserB. NathH. HirshM. ParasharY. ZhangR. Martin

Students:PhD – 4MS – 4

* Adjunct Prof1 Part-time position

Students:PhD – 10

MS - 2

3/05

9/04

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Status Update: Sponsor ProgramCurrently ~15 sponsor companies

Recently added 1 new sponsor: Toyota InfoTechTarget no more than ~15 companies, with close engagement

~2-3 industry focus projects currently in progressMIMO Infostations (STTR for ARL)3G Security (NICT, Japan)Wireless security project under discussion (Interdigital, PA)

Increasing collaboration with sponsors on large Govt proposalsNSF MIMO project (DAPHNE) - LucentORBIT wireless networking testbed – Thomson, Lucent, IBMCognitive radio algorithms and hardware – Lucent

Joint proposals with sponsor/partner companies on key topicsDARPA WNaN Radio – LucentControl Based MANET – General Dynamics

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Status Update: Industry Sponsors 6/05

*

*Research Partners

Aruba Networks, PnP Networks,

Semandex NetworksMayflower Inc.

General Dynamics

*Panasonic

US Army CECOM

TOYOTA InfoTechnology

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Status Update: Research Highlights 12/05

Radio Resource

Management & Wireless Systems

Basic Radio/Modem

Technology

Mobile Network

Architecture & Protocols

Mobile ComputingMiddleware

& Applications

Wireless security & privacy

Location technology

Vehicular applications

Cognitive radio

Cooperative modulation &coding

Dynamic spectrum management

MIMO networks

Open-arch mobile network(ORBIT testbed)

Self-organizing, ad-hocnetwork protocols

Future Internet (GENI)

Not a complete list of projects

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Status Update: Research Areas

Pervasive Computing ApplicationPervasive Computing Application

Agent 2Agent 1

Agent 3

SensorCluster A

SensorCluster B

Run-timeEnvironment(network OS)Resource

DiscoveryAd-hoc Routing

OS/ProcessScheduling

Overlay Network for Dynamic Agent <-> Sensor

Association

0 0.5 1 1.5 20

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Normalized distance of AB

Pack

et d

eliv

ery

relia

blilt

y

Original 802.11CR, denisty 1CR, denisty 2CR, denisty 4CR, denisty 8

Wireless/Sensor NetSoftware & Security

Wireless Sensors

System Analysis & Theory

Wireless Network Testbed

Mobile Computing

Ad-Hoc Networks

Radio Platforms

Cognitive Radio

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Status Update: Major Projects 12/05Several major research and technology transfer projects currently being carried out at WINLAB

Multimodal Sensor-on-Silicon: MUSE (NJCST, ’02-’07)MIMO networks/DAPHNE (NSF grant, ‘03-06) – joint with Princeton & NJITPrivacy and security in sensor nets (NSF NeTS grant, ’04-’07)ORBIT: Open-Access Research Testbed for Wireless Networks (NSF “NRT”project, ‘03-07) – joint with Columbia, Princeton, Lucent , IBM, ThomsonCognitive Radio hardware & algorithms (NSF NeTS grants, ’04-’07) – joint with GA Tech and Bell LabsGENI & WMPG “future Internet” planning grants (NSF, ’05-’06)

Security in next-generation wireless networks (NICT, Japan ’02-’06)MIMO Infostations Prototype for Army (Mayflower/ARL, ’04-05)ORBIT Tech Transfer (Intel, DoD, ’05-’06)

Major government projects

Industry supported focus projects

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Status Update: Federal Proposals 12/05Several new proposals submitted or under development for NSF and DARPA, including

Control Based MANET – DARPA (with General Dynamics, PnP)

WNaN Cognitive Radio Prototype – DARPA (with Lucent)

Internet spectrum server – NSF NeTS ProWIN (in preparation)

ERC on wireless ecosystems/spectrum – NSF (in prep for 1Q06)

“FIND” future Internet architecture research – NSF (in prep, 1Q06)

“GENI” wireless platforms or subnets for future Internet infrastructure –NSF MREFC (now in planning phase)

Joint federal proposal (e.g. DARPA, NSF, NIST, DHS) are welcomed from sponsors….

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Status Update: NJ State ProjectsNJ State funding for R&D going through major changes:

MUSE (sensor on silicon) project year 3 funded at 50% level, butcenter of excellence program being phased out by NJCSTEmphasizing tech transfer and jobs rather than basic researchTech Center II now in NJ “enterprise zone” qualifying for incubation and technology transfer support from NJ EDAWorking on concept for a “wireless tech center of NJ” that would develop technology cores, transfer WINLAB results and provide specialized services to companies/venturesOpportunities for co-location of joint venture or wireless activity at EDA Tech Center Facility

new NJ Governor in Jan 06, improved R&D funding expected!

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Status Update: WINLAB R&D map

CoreTechnology

Protocols& Software

2002 2004 2006

Multimodal ZnO sensor

nx100 MbpsOFDM Radio

UWB PHY/MAC

Algorithms,Analysis &Simulation

UWB Spectrum rights & management

MUSE SystemPrototypesSystem

PrototypesInfostations Prototypes

(i-media, emergency response)

3G/WLANInterworking

Content Routingin mobile networks

Multimodal sensor-on-silicon(MUSE) module/chip

Self-organizingAd-hoc network

Interference avoidance, RRM

Ad-hoc routing

3G/4G PHY/MAC (RRM, scheduling, etc.)

Low-power802.11b

Wireless security

ORBIT Wireless Network Testbed

MIMO networks

SDRPrototype

Network-centricCognitive radio HW

MIMO Infostation

Sensor net Privacy

802.11e,n protocols

Ad-hoc net with QoS,Vehicular ad hoc nets

Spectrum etiquette and adaptive radio net protocols

Unlicensed spectrum algorithms

OFDMAd-hoc net RRM

Sensor net models

Adaptive RadioNetwork Prototype

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Research Highlights

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Spectrum Management: Problem ScopeSpectrumAllocation

Rules(static)

INTERNET

BTS

AuctionServer

(dynamic)

SpectrumCoordination

Server(dynamic)

AP

Ad-hocsensor cluster(low-power, high density)

Short-rangeinfrastructure

mode network (e.g. WLAN)

Short-range ad-hoc net

Wide-area infrastructuremode network (e.g. 802.16)

Dense deployment of wireless devices, both wide-area and short-rangeProliferation of multiple radio technologies, e.g. 802.11a,b,g, UWB, 802.16, 4G, etc.How should spectrum allocation rules evolve to achieve high efficiency?Available options include:

Agile radios (interference avoidance)Dynamic centralized allocation methodsDistributed spectrum coordination (etiquette)Collaborative ad-hoc networks

Etiquettepolicy

SpectrumCoordination

protocols

Spectrum Coordinationprotocols

Dynamic frequencyprovisioning

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INTERNETINTERNET

Wireless Architecture: Cognitive Radio Based Adaptive Networks

AA

BB

D

C

D

E

F

Cognitive radio drives consideration of adaptive wireless networks involving multi-hop collaboration between radio nodes

Needs Internet support similar to ad-hoc network discussed earlierRapid changes in network topology, PHY bit-rate, etc. implications for routingFundamentally cross-layer approach – need to consider wired net boundaryHigh-power cognitive radios may themselves serve as Internet routers…

Bootstrapped PHY &control link

End-to-end routed pathFrom A to F

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MPC8260

TMS320C6701XC2V6000FPGA

100BaseT EthernetMegarray

Connector-244 Configurable

I/O pins

Cognitive Radio: Hardware Platforms

Next-generation software-defined radio supporting fast spectrum scanning, adaptive control of modulation waveforms and collaborative network processingFacilitates efficient unlicensed band coordination and multi-standard compatibility between radio devices

Bell Laboratories Software Defined Radio (Baseband Processor)Courtesy of Dr. T. Sizer

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Cognitive Radio: Hardware Platform

radio

BasebandFPGA

BasebandProcessor Core

(DSP)

SRAM

PacketFPGA

Clock Mgmt

A/D

D/A

A/D

D/A

A/D

D/A

Wakeup

Packet BufferDRAM)

Host(CR Strategies)

radio

radio

Local ethernet drop

WINLAB’s “network centric” concept for cognitive radio prototype (..under development in collaboration with GA Tech & Lucent Bell Labs)

Requirements include:~Ghz spectrum scanning,- Etiquette policy processing- PHY layer adaptation (per pkt)- Ad-hoc network discovery- Multi-hop routing ~100 Mbps+

Agile radioI/O

Software defined modem Network Processor

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TransmitPower

HopsToAP

NodeType

SequenceNumber

Cluster ID

PacketType

NodeID

BroadcastMAC

SourceMAC

Beacon Frame Format

Low-tier access links(AP/FN Beacons, MN Associations, Data)

Ad-hoc infrastructure links between FNs and APs(AP/FN Beacons, FN Associations, Routing Exchanges, Data)

Forwarding Node (FN)

Access Point (AP)

FN

AP

FNcoverage

area

APcoverage

area

Low-tier(e.g. sensor)Mobile Node (MN)

FN

Self-organized ad-hoc network

MN

MN

MN

MN

MN

MNMN MN

Internet

FN

AP

Channel 4

Channel 2

Beacon

Transmit Power Required: 1mW

Beacon

Assoc

Transmit Power Required: 4mW

FN

AP

SN•Scan all channels•Associate with FN/AP•Send data

FN•Scan all channels•Find minimum delay links to AP•Set up routes to AP•Send beacons•Forward SN data

Ad-Hoc Network: Discovery ProtocolCreates efficient ad-hoc network topology just above MAC layer in order to reduce burden on routing protocol…

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Ad-Hoc Networks : “SOHAN” ResultsFlat HierarchicalSystem Parameters:

0.9 sq. km, 20 mobiles/sensors, 4 FNs, 2 APs802.11a with multiple freqs

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 6510

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

System offered load (Mbps)

Sys

tem

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Total System Throughput for flat and hierarchical topologies

FlatHierarchical

Flat

Hierarchical

• “SOHAN” system evaluated for urban mesh deployment scenario with ~25 nodes

• Results show that system scales well and significantly outperforms flat ad-hoc routing (AODV)

APFN

MN

Mapping on to ORBITRadio grid emulator

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Ad-Hoc MAC: D-LSMA Scheduling

Link scheduling to allow parallel transmissions, solves “exposed node” useful for QoS on ad-hoc FN-FN infrastructure in hierarchical systemsDistributed scheduling algorithm (upper MAC), using 802.11-based lower MAC

D

E

A

B

C

to C to ERTS retransmit

to C to Cto E to Eto C

t0 t1 t2

T

A

DE

B C RTSCTSDATA

Upper MACScheduler

D-LSMA

…… Classified flows

Lower MAC

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Wireless Architecture: Sensor Nets and Pervasive Systems

Mobile Internet (IP-based)

Overlay Pervasive Network Services

Compute & StorageServers

User interfaces forinformation & control

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net B

Sensor net/IP gateway GW

3G/4GBTS

PervasiveApplication

Agents

Relay Node

Virtualized Physical WorldObject or Event

Sensor/Actuator

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IP NetworkIP Network

Pervasive Systems: Key Technologies

ContentRouter

Wireless Access Point

Radio Forwarding Node

Future Cognitive RadioWireless Sensors

Infostation(wireless cache)

TinyOS

Ad-Hoc Net Protocols

Caching, Dynamic Binding

PHY Adaptation

CR Software Platform

Adaptive CR Net Protocols

Ad-Hoc Net Protocols

Caching, Dynamic Binding

ApplicationAgents

Caching, Dynamic Binding

Ad-Hoc Net Protocols

IP Network Gateway

ApplicationServer

Application

Application

Content-Based Routing

Content-Based Routing

Content-Based Routing

IP Routing

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Sensor Hardware: Multimodal ZnOdevice“Tunable” ZnO sensor prototype developed:

Can be “reset” to increase sensitivity, e.g. in liquids or gasDual mode (acoustic and UV optic)Applicable to variety of sensing needs

Gate voltageinput

REF.

2DEGmesa

SAWIDT

2DEGGround

Sensing device with chemicallyselective receptor coating

Sensoroutput

Mixer

2DEGmesa

Courtesy of: Prof Y. Lu,Rutgers U

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Sensors in roadway interact with sensor/actuator in carsOpportunistic, attribute-based binding of sensors and carsAd-hoc network with dynamically changing topologyClosed-loop operation with tight real-time and reliability constraints

Pervasive Applications: Highway Safety

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Pervasive Systems: Software ModelSensor net scenarios require a fundamentally new software model (…not TCP/IP or web!!):

Large number of context-dependent sources/sensors with unknown IP addressContent-driven networking (…not like TCP/IP client-server!)Distributed, collaborative computing between “sensor clusters”Varying wireless connectivity and resource levels

Sensor NetSoftwareModel

Pervasive Computing ApplicationPervasive Computing Application

Agent 2Agent 1

Agent 3

SensorCluster A

SensorCluster B

Run-timeEnvironment(network OS)

ResourceDiscovery

Ad-hoc Routing

OS/ProcessScheduling

Overlay Network for Dynamic Agent <-> Sensor

Association

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ORBIT Testbed: Radio Grid

64-node radio grid prototype at Busch Campus (8/04) 400-node radio grid system at Tech Center II (under construction 5/05)

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ORBIT: Field Trial System

Lucent “Base Station Router”with IP interface

“Open API” 802.11a,b,gORBIT radio node

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Web Sites for More Information:

WINLAB: www.winlab.rutgers.eduORBIT: www.orbit-lab.org

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NSF Future Internet& WMPG Planning Group Overview

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INTERNETINTERNET

Introduction: Wireless as the key driver for the future Internet

Historic shift from PC’s to mobile computing and embedded devices…

>2B cell phones vs. 500M Internet-connected PC’s in 2005>400M cell phones with Internet capability, rising rapidlyNew types of data devices (blackberry, PDA, iPoD) – distinctions becoming blurrySensor deployment just starting, but some estimates ~5-10B units by 2015

WirelessEdge

Network

WirelessEdge

Network

INTERNETINTERNET

~500M server/PC’s, ~100M laptops/PDA’s

~750M servers/PC’s, >1B laptops, PDA’s, cell phones, sensors

2005 2010

WirelessEdge

Network

WirelessEdge

Network

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Introduction: Wireless/Mobile/Sensor and the Future Internet

What does this mean for the future Internet?New end-user service requirements for mobile/wireless/sensor (P2P, P2M, M2M,…)Addressing architecture of the network needs to be revisitedNetwork state changes more rapidly than in today’s wired InternetWireless/mobile devices as infrastructure nodes (ad-hoc routers, etc.)Significant increase in network scaleData/content driven networking rather than point-to-point communication Pervasive network functionality vs. broadband streamingNew security considerations for wireless/mobilePower efficiency considerations and computing constraints

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Wireless Requirements: Mobile DataFast growth of (conventional) mobile data terminals with wireless access link implies a need for new services on the Internet:

Terminal mobility (authentication, roaming and dynamic handoff)…mobile IPv6Multicasting …IP multicastSecurity …e.g. protection against AP spoofingEfficient transport layer protocols (..non TCP)

Major topic in research & standards during 90’s, but limited use..

INTERNETINTERNET

AccessPoint (AP)

Mobile dataterminal

High packetError rate

mobility

Radio multicasting

Roaming,handoff

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Wireless Requirements: Mobile P2PP2P, 7DS, Infostations, etc. represent another emerging category of mobile applications on the Internet

Router mobilityNetwork may be disconnected at times …delayed delivery?Caching and opportunistic data delivery …. In-network storageContent- and location- aware data delivery

Internet

Low-speed wide-areaaccess

Infostationcell

Mobile Infostation

Roadway Sensors

Mobile User

Data Cache

Ad-HocNetwork

OpportunisticHigh-Speed Link

(MB/s)

Infostation

OpportunisticHigh-Speed Link

(MB/s)

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Wireless Requirements: Ad-Hoc NetsAd-hoc nets with multiple radio hops to wired Internet useful for various scenarios including mesh 802.11, sensor, etc.

Discovery and self-organization capabilitiesSeamless addressing and routing across wireless-wired gatewayGeographic routing optionsSupport for end-to-end cross-layer protocol approaches where neededPrivacy and security considerations

Relay Node

AccessPoint

Sensor

Wireless link withvarying speed and QoS

Local Interferenceand MAC Congestion

Dynamically changingNetwork topology

Best sensor-to-mobile path via wired network(needs unified routing)Wired Internet

Ad-HocNetwork

IP-Ad-hoc NetProtocol Conversion

Gateway

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INTERNETINTERNET

Wireless Requirements: Cognitive Radio

AA

BB

D

C

D

E

F

Cognitive radio drives consideration of adaptive wireless networks involving multi-hop collaboration between radio nodes

Needs Internet support similar to ad-hoc network discussed earlierRapid changes in network topology, PHY bit-rate, etc. implications for routingFundamentally cross-layer approach – need to consider wired net boundaryHigh-power cognitive radios may themselves serve as Internet routers…

Bootstrapped PHY &control link

End-to-end routed pathFrom A to F

PHY A

PHY B

PHY C

Control(e.g. CSCC)

Multi-mode radio PHYAd-Hoc Discovery

& Routing Capability

Adaptive WirelessNetwork Node

(…functionality can be quitechallenging!)

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Wireless Requirements: Sensor Nets and Pervasive Systems

Mobile Internet (IP-based)

Overlay Sensor Network Infrastructure

Compute & StorageServers

User interfaces forinformation & control

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net B

Sensor net/IP gateway GW

3G/4GBTS

PervasiveApplication

Agents

Relay Node

Virtualized Physical WorldObject or Event

Sensor/Actuator

Sensor net scenarios involve:Limited CPU speed and transmit powerIntermittent connectivity, low-speeds, ad-hoc modesData centric M2M, P2M applicationsMay involve complex real-time interactions

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Sensors in roadway interact with sensor/actuator in carsOpportunistic, attribute-based binding of sensors and carsAd-hoc network with dynamically changing topologyClosed-loop operation with tight real-time and reliability constraints

Wireless Requirements: Real-Time Sensor Net Scenarios

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Wireless Requirements: Overlay Sensor Net Backbone

Overlay networks can be used for content distribution or dynamicbinding between sensor devices and servers, agents, end-users

Use of XML or similar content descriptor to specify sensor data and application profile“Layer 7” overlay network (implemented over IP tunnels) provides content mcast or binding service between producers (sensors) and consumers (servers, users)

Content ConsumersSensor ContentProducer

OverlayRouter

A

Interest Profile

XMLDescriptor Overlay

RouterB

ApplicationAgent

Mobile User

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Internet Architecture: TCP/IP Evolution or Revolution?

Early IP Networks

+ Scalable Routing& Hierarchies

(IPv4)

IPv6IPv6

Overlay Services: mbone, VOIP/SIP, etc.

MPLS

>B mobile devices

>>B sensors

Ad-hoc routing

Cross-layer

Data driven

More security!!

Location-aware

etc.

IPv4 + more Service overlays

IPv8

New Network

Architecture& Protocols

New Network

Architecture& Protocols

?

Broadband & QoS

Increased AddressSpace

Mobility

Security

TCP RTP/UDPMedia

Streaming

Security SSL

New TP’sfor mobile, sensor

IPsec

Mobile IPDisruptive

Innovations??

graceful evolutionOf IP features??

IP as a “pipe”, new networkservices layered on top

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Evolutionary approachDesign a new wireless, ad-hoc and sensor “low-tier IP network profile to be “compatible” with IP global network (e.g. IPv6, BGP routing, MPLS, etc.)Identify critical hierarchy and core IP extensions needed and pass requirement to IETF, etc.Evolve IP functionality via new RFC’sAs wireless service needs proliferate, new low-tier IP may replace current IP intra-network

Internet Architecture: Strategies for Change

BorderRouterfor IPw Border

Routerfor IPw

BorderRouterfor IPv4

GLOBAL INTERNET

IP Wireless/SensorAccess Network (IPw)

IP Wireless/SensorAccess Network (IPw)

IP AccessNetwork

(e.g. IPv4)

New Interface Spec

New Protocol Spec

IPv6 extensions

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Overlay approachDesign new wireless, ad-hoc or sensor access net to work across global overlay networkSpecify and build new overlay networks optimized for wireless needsMay include concept of an “IP knowledge plane” accessible by overlayIf successful, IP is pushed down to a “layer 3-” service, while overlay is “3Permits significant flexibility in advanced service features, but tight optimization of packet overhead more difficult due to IP encapsulation

Internet Architecture: Strategies for Change

+”

BorderRouter

GLOBAL OVERLAY NETWORK

New Wireless/SensorAccess Network

IP AccessNetwork

New Design (non-IP)

new wireless-specific services

GLOBAL INTERNET

Overlay NetGateway

Overlay NetGateway

IP Tunnel

Overlay NetGateway

New Wireless/SensorAccess Network

new knowledge plane?

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Revolutionary approachSpecify a new “beyond IP” network optimized for mobile/wireless/sensorBuild a prototype nationwide network and offer it for experimental useUse this network for emerging mobile data and real-time sensor actuator applications with demanding performance and efficiency requirementsMost radical, risks being marginalized by Internet evolution and legacy staying power

Internet Architecture: Strategies for Change

New Designs (beyond IP)optimized for

emerging needs includingwireless-specific services

Next-Gen GLOBAL INTERNET

New Access Networkoptimized forwireless, etc.

New Access Network

BorderGateway IP Access

Network

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GENI Implementation Plan

44

GENI intended to serve as programmable experimental infrastructure

Nationwide coverage with at least 25 PoP’sSeveral peering points with current InternetEdge routers and backbone switches with fiberFully programmable, virtualizable routers as the main building block~5-6 wireless sub-networks covering urban and suburban areas

GENI Implementation: Proposed System

45

Advanced TechnologyDemonstrator (spectrum)

LocationService

NSF RadioTestbeds

Emulation &Simulation

Protocol &ScalingStudies

5 3

4

12

Other services

SensorNetworks

“Open” InternetConcepts forCellular devices

GENI Implementation: Wireless Sub-Networks Overview

Ad-HocMesh

Network

EmergingTechnologies

(cognitive radio)

GENIInfrastructure

Open APIWide-AreaNetworks

Embedded wireless,Real-world applicationsBroadband

Services,Mobile Computing

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GENI Core NetworkGENI Core Network

GENI Implementation: Wireless Sub-networks – 1. NSF TestbedsLarge-scale emulators and simulators provide important protocol testing capabilities when connected to GENI

Enables end-to-end protocol tests with large numbers of nodesReproducible experiments with extensive data collection; virtualization per experimentCost ~$1-3 M per testbed for control/management upgrade and integration

EMULAB

Whynet

Unified Experiment ManagementAnd Control Software

PlanetLa b

ORBIT Radio grid

Data Collection &Experiment Mgmt services

Research Focus:1. Protocol validation for next-gen wireless2. Scalability experiments (ad-hoc, sensor)3. Hybrid networks with multiple radio PHY4. End-to-end transport for mobile devices5. Controlled mobility experiments

47

GENI Implementation: Wireless Subnets – 2. Urban Ad-Hoc Mesh

Ad-hoc wireless network providing full coverage of high-density urban area ~ 10 Km**2

Enables experimentation with mesh network protocols & broadband mobile applicationsDual-radio forwarding node as building blockOpen API 802.11 with soft MAC, virtualization by frequency or spaceServices for running expts, data collection, frequency assignment and spectrum measCapital cost ~$10M for ~1000 nodes (30x30) with power, some with fiber/VDSL (note: does not include software; significant operating cost for bandwidth and maintenance!)

Dual-radio ad-hoc router(includes wired interface for

AP sites)

RadioNodes

~50-100 mspacing

Ad-hocRadiolinks Access Point (wired)

Ad-Hoc Radio Node

Spectrum Monitor

Research Focus:1. Ad-hoc routing2. Self-organization & discovery3. Cross-layer optimizations4. MAC layer enhancements5. Security with ad-hoc routing6. Broadband QoS7. Impact of mobility8. Real-world application studies

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GENI Implementation: Wireless Subnets –3. Open API Wide Area Mobile Network

Open API wide-area wireless network to explore alternatives to cellular, hybrids with WLAN, Infostations, new mobile applications…

Suburban coverage ~50 Km**2 using ~10 wide-area BTS’s + ~100 short-range AP’sOpen API 3G or WiMax BTS and dual-radio 802.11 node as building blocksCapital cost ~$5-10M for BTS/tower and AP with fiber/VDSL (note: does not include software; significant operating cost for bandwidth and maintenance)

Open API 3G/WiMax BTS

802.11 relay node or AP

3G Base Station Router

802.11 Relay NodePlatform

Connections toGENI Infrastructure

Research Focus:1. Internet transport for 3G/cellular2. Mobility support in future Internet3. Hybrid 3G/WLAN handover, etc.4. Multicasting5. Transport layer for wireless6. Security in future 3G/4G7. Information caching and multimedia

49

GENI Implementation: Wireless Subnets –4. Cognitive Radio Technology Demonstrator

Propose to build advanced technology demonstrator of cognitive radio networks for reliable wide-area services (over a ~50 Km**2 coverage area) with spectrum sharing, adaptive networking, etc.

Basic building block is a cognitive radio platform, to be selected from competing research projects now in progress and/or future proposalsRequires enhanced software interfaces for control of radio PHY, discovery and bootstrapping, adaptive network protocols, etc. – suitable for protocol virtualizationNew experimental band for cognitive radio (below 1 Ghz preferable)Cost for ~50 Km**2 deployment based on ~50 CR network nodes (AP’s or FN’s) + ~500 CR terminals (client modules) – estimated capital ~$7.5M (high due to early stage of technologycurve; does not include significant NRE, software or operations cost)

Cognitive Radio Network Node

Cognitive Radio Client

Cognitive Radio Network Node

Cognitive Radio Client

Connections to GENIInfrastructure

Spectrum MonitorsSpectrum Server

Research Focus:1. New technology validation of cognitive radio2. Protocols for adaptive PHY radio networks3. Efficient spectrum sharing methods4. Interference avoidance and spectrum etiquette5. Dynamic spectrum measurement6. Hardware platform performance studies

50

GENI Implementation: Wireless Subnets –5. Sensor Networks

2-3 sensor network projects to be selected via proposal process in view of application-specific nature

Sensor network experiments will leverage 802.11 mesh or 3G wide area infrastructure in items 2,3Provide “user deployment kit” with platforms including sensor nodes and sensor/WLAN or sensor/3G gatewayIncremental capital cost per sensor net scenario estimated at ~$1M based on ~1000 sensors and ~100 GW’s

Dual-radio ad-hoc router(includes wired interface for

AP sites)

RadioNodes

~50-100 mspacing

Ad-hocRadiolinks Access Point (wired)

Ad-Hoc Radio Node

Spectrum Monitor

Sensor Net Area

Sensor Nodes

Sensor Gateway

802.11 Access Pointor Relay Node

802.11 radio link

Short-range sensor radio link

Research Focus:1. Sensor network protocols – data aggregation, power, etc.2. Scaling and hierarchies3. Information processing in sensor nets4. Platform hardware/software optimization5. Real-time, closed-loop sensor control applications6. Vehicular, smart space and other applications

Note: further details of 2-3 candidate sensor net application scenariosto be provided later

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GENI Project: Process Timeline

GENI Planning Group

Architecture Planning Group

Security Planning Group

Optical Networks Planning Group

Wireless/Mobile Planning Group

Preparatory GENI Projects(CISE funded)

GENIConstruction&ManagementProjects(subject toCongressionalbudget allocation)

GENIPEP

CompletedInternal NSF Reviews

GENIBudget

Decision2005 2006 2007 2008

ExternalReviews, etc.

2004

52

Web Sites for More Information:

WMPG: www.winlab.rutgers.edu/WMPGGENI: www.geni.net (TBA, not public yet)