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WINLAB IAB MeetingDec 7, 2005
Rutgers, The State University of New Jerseywww.winlab.rutgers.edu
Contact: Professor D. Raychaudhuri, [email protected]
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WINLAB STATUS UPDATE
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WINLAB Status Update
WINLAB activity snapshot as of Fall 2005:~25 faculty/staff (15 academic faculty + 10 research staff/adjunct faculty)~45 graduate students (~75% PhD)~15 companies in corporate sponsor program17,000 sq-ft in facilities, including new Tech Center II building (…old WINLAB building to be vacated by Dec 31)
Industry funding ~$1M (including both annual sponsorship and focus projects)$3M+ federal research funding, mostly from NSF~$600K in NJ State + Rutgers funding (...RU portion increasing in FY05)Total funding level ~$4-5M in FY’05 (...~3x FY’01, ~= FY’04)
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Status Update: Faculty List 6/05Radio Resource
Management &
Wireless Systems
Radio/ Modem Technology
Mobile Network Architecture &
Protocols
Sensor Nets& Pervasive Computing
Y. LuM. BushnellB. Ackland1
P. SpasojevicL. GreensteinR. Rajnarayan (Research Engineer) K. Wine (Research Engineer)
P. Henry (AT&T Labs)*
Students:PhD – 7MS – 2
R. YatesC. RoseN. MandayamD. FrenkielZ. Gajic
L. Razoumov (Intel)*
Students:PhD – 10MS – 2
D. RaychaudhuriW. TrappeI. Seskar (Assoc Dir IT)R. Siracusa (Research Specialist)1
M. Ott1R. Howard1
S. Paul
H. Liu (Thomson)*A. Acharya (IBM)*
M. GruteserB. NathH. HirshM. ParasharY. ZhangR. Martin
Students:PhD – 4MS – 4
* Adjunct Prof1 Part-time position
Students:PhD – 10
MS - 2
3/05
9/04
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Status Update: Sponsor ProgramCurrently ~15 sponsor companies
Recently added 1 new sponsor: Toyota InfoTechTarget no more than ~15 companies, with close engagement
~2-3 industry focus projects currently in progressMIMO Infostations (STTR for ARL)3G Security (NICT, Japan)Wireless security project under discussion (Interdigital, PA)
Increasing collaboration with sponsors on large Govt proposalsNSF MIMO project (DAPHNE) - LucentORBIT wireless networking testbed – Thomson, Lucent, IBMCognitive radio algorithms and hardware – Lucent
Joint proposals with sponsor/partner companies on key topicsDARPA WNaN Radio – LucentControl Based MANET – General Dynamics
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Status Update: Industry Sponsors 6/05
*
*Research Partners
Aruba Networks, PnP Networks,
Semandex NetworksMayflower Inc.
General Dynamics
*Panasonic
US Army CECOM
TOYOTA InfoTechnology
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Status Update: Research Highlights 12/05
Radio Resource
Management & Wireless Systems
Basic Radio/Modem
Technology
Mobile Network
Architecture & Protocols
Mobile ComputingMiddleware
& Applications
Wireless security & privacy
Location technology
Vehicular applications
Cognitive radio
Cooperative modulation &coding
Dynamic spectrum management
MIMO networks
Open-arch mobile network(ORBIT testbed)
Self-organizing, ad-hocnetwork protocols
Future Internet (GENI)
Not a complete list of projects
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Status Update: Research Areas
Pervasive Computing ApplicationPervasive Computing Application
Agent 2Agent 1
Agent 3
SensorCluster A
SensorCluster B
Run-timeEnvironment(network OS)Resource
DiscoveryAd-hoc Routing
OS/ProcessScheduling
Overlay Network for Dynamic Agent <-> Sensor
Association
0 0.5 1 1.5 20
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Normalized distance of AB
Pack
et d
eliv
ery
relia
blilt
y
Original 802.11CR, denisty 1CR, denisty 2CR, denisty 4CR, denisty 8
Wireless/Sensor NetSoftware & Security
Wireless Sensors
System Analysis & Theory
Wireless Network Testbed
Mobile Computing
Ad-Hoc Networks
Radio Platforms
Cognitive Radio
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Status Update: Major Projects 12/05Several major research and technology transfer projects currently being carried out at WINLAB
Multimodal Sensor-on-Silicon: MUSE (NJCST, ’02-’07)MIMO networks/DAPHNE (NSF grant, ‘03-06) – joint with Princeton & NJITPrivacy and security in sensor nets (NSF NeTS grant, ’04-’07)ORBIT: Open-Access Research Testbed for Wireless Networks (NSF “NRT”project, ‘03-07) – joint with Columbia, Princeton, Lucent , IBM, ThomsonCognitive Radio hardware & algorithms (NSF NeTS grants, ’04-’07) – joint with GA Tech and Bell LabsGENI & WMPG “future Internet” planning grants (NSF, ’05-’06)
Security in next-generation wireless networks (NICT, Japan ’02-’06)MIMO Infostations Prototype for Army (Mayflower/ARL, ’04-05)ORBIT Tech Transfer (Intel, DoD, ’05-’06)
Major government projects
Industry supported focus projects
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Status Update: Federal Proposals 12/05Several new proposals submitted or under development for NSF and DARPA, including
Control Based MANET – DARPA (with General Dynamics, PnP)
WNaN Cognitive Radio Prototype – DARPA (with Lucent)
Internet spectrum server – NSF NeTS ProWIN (in preparation)
ERC on wireless ecosystems/spectrum – NSF (in prep for 1Q06)
“FIND” future Internet architecture research – NSF (in prep, 1Q06)
“GENI” wireless platforms or subnets for future Internet infrastructure –NSF MREFC (now in planning phase)
Joint federal proposal (e.g. DARPA, NSF, NIST, DHS) are welcomed from sponsors….
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Status Update: NJ State ProjectsNJ State funding for R&D going through major changes:
MUSE (sensor on silicon) project year 3 funded at 50% level, butcenter of excellence program being phased out by NJCSTEmphasizing tech transfer and jobs rather than basic researchTech Center II now in NJ “enterprise zone” qualifying for incubation and technology transfer support from NJ EDAWorking on concept for a “wireless tech center of NJ” that would develop technology cores, transfer WINLAB results and provide specialized services to companies/venturesOpportunities for co-location of joint venture or wireless activity at EDA Tech Center Facility
new NJ Governor in Jan 06, improved R&D funding expected!
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Status Update: WINLAB R&D map
CoreTechnology
Protocols& Software
2002 2004 2006
Multimodal ZnO sensor
nx100 MbpsOFDM Radio
UWB PHY/MAC
Algorithms,Analysis &Simulation
UWB Spectrum rights & management
MUSE SystemPrototypesSystem
PrototypesInfostations Prototypes
(i-media, emergency response)
3G/WLANInterworking
Content Routingin mobile networks
Multimodal sensor-on-silicon(MUSE) module/chip
Self-organizingAd-hoc network
Interference avoidance, RRM
Ad-hoc routing
3G/4G PHY/MAC (RRM, scheduling, etc.)
Low-power802.11b
Wireless security
ORBIT Wireless Network Testbed
MIMO networks
SDRPrototype
Network-centricCognitive radio HW
MIMO Infostation
Sensor net Privacy
802.11e,n protocols
Ad-hoc net with QoS,Vehicular ad hoc nets
Spectrum etiquette and adaptive radio net protocols
Unlicensed spectrum algorithms
OFDMAd-hoc net RRM
Sensor net models
Adaptive RadioNetwork Prototype
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Research Highlights
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Spectrum Management: Problem ScopeSpectrumAllocation
Rules(static)
INTERNET
BTS
AuctionServer
(dynamic)
SpectrumCoordination
Server(dynamic)
AP
Ad-hocsensor cluster(low-power, high density)
Short-rangeinfrastructure
mode network (e.g. WLAN)
Short-range ad-hoc net
Wide-area infrastructuremode network (e.g. 802.16)
Dense deployment of wireless devices, both wide-area and short-rangeProliferation of multiple radio technologies, e.g. 802.11a,b,g, UWB, 802.16, 4G, etc.How should spectrum allocation rules evolve to achieve high efficiency?Available options include:
Agile radios (interference avoidance)Dynamic centralized allocation methodsDistributed spectrum coordination (etiquette)Collaborative ad-hoc networks
Etiquettepolicy
SpectrumCoordination
protocols
Spectrum Coordinationprotocols
Dynamic frequencyprovisioning
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INTERNETINTERNET
Wireless Architecture: Cognitive Radio Based Adaptive Networks
AA
BB
D
C
D
E
F
Cognitive radio drives consideration of adaptive wireless networks involving multi-hop collaboration between radio nodes
Needs Internet support similar to ad-hoc network discussed earlierRapid changes in network topology, PHY bit-rate, etc. implications for routingFundamentally cross-layer approach – need to consider wired net boundaryHigh-power cognitive radios may themselves serve as Internet routers…
Bootstrapped PHY &control link
End-to-end routed pathFrom A to F
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MPC8260
TMS320C6701XC2V6000FPGA
100BaseT EthernetMegarray
Connector-244 Configurable
I/O pins
Cognitive Radio: Hardware Platforms
Next-generation software-defined radio supporting fast spectrum scanning, adaptive control of modulation waveforms and collaborative network processingFacilitates efficient unlicensed band coordination and multi-standard compatibility between radio devices
Bell Laboratories Software Defined Radio (Baseband Processor)Courtesy of Dr. T. Sizer
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Cognitive Radio: Hardware Platform
radio
BasebandFPGA
BasebandProcessor Core
(DSP)
SRAM
PacketFPGA
Clock Mgmt
A/D
D/A
A/D
D/A
A/D
D/A
Wakeup
Packet BufferDRAM)
Host(CR Strategies)
radio
radio
Local ethernet drop
WINLAB’s “network centric” concept for cognitive radio prototype (..under development in collaboration with GA Tech & Lucent Bell Labs)
Requirements include:~Ghz spectrum scanning,- Etiquette policy processing- PHY layer adaptation (per pkt)- Ad-hoc network discovery- Multi-hop routing ~100 Mbps+
Agile radioI/O
Software defined modem Network Processor
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TransmitPower
HopsToAP
NodeType
SequenceNumber
Cluster ID
PacketType
NodeID
BroadcastMAC
SourceMAC
Beacon Frame Format
Low-tier access links(AP/FN Beacons, MN Associations, Data)
Ad-hoc infrastructure links between FNs and APs(AP/FN Beacons, FN Associations, Routing Exchanges, Data)
Forwarding Node (FN)
Access Point (AP)
FN
AP
FNcoverage
area
APcoverage
area
Low-tier(e.g. sensor)Mobile Node (MN)
FN
Self-organized ad-hoc network
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MNMN MN
Internet
FN
AP
Channel 4
Channel 2
Beacon
Transmit Power Required: 1mW
Beacon
Assoc
Transmit Power Required: 4mW
FN
AP
SN•Scan all channels•Associate with FN/AP•Send data
FN•Scan all channels•Find minimum delay links to AP•Set up routes to AP•Send beacons•Forward SN data
Ad-Hoc Network: Discovery ProtocolCreates efficient ad-hoc network topology just above MAC layer in order to reduce burden on routing protocol…
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Ad-Hoc Networks : “SOHAN” ResultsFlat HierarchicalSystem Parameters:
0.9 sq. km, 20 mobiles/sensors, 4 FNs, 2 APs802.11a with multiple freqs
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 6510
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
System offered load (Mbps)
Sys
tem
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Total System Throughput for flat and hierarchical topologies
FlatHierarchical
Flat
Hierarchical
• “SOHAN” system evaluated for urban mesh deployment scenario with ~25 nodes
• Results show that system scales well and significantly outperforms flat ad-hoc routing (AODV)
APFN
MN
Mapping on to ORBITRadio grid emulator
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Ad-Hoc MAC: D-LSMA Scheduling
Link scheduling to allow parallel transmissions, solves “exposed node” useful for QoS on ad-hoc FN-FN infrastructure in hierarchical systemsDistributed scheduling algorithm (upper MAC), using 802.11-based lower MAC
D
E
A
B
C
to C to ERTS retransmit
to C to Cto E to Eto C
t0 t1 t2
T
A
DE
B C RTSCTSDATA
Upper MACScheduler
D-LSMA
…… Classified flows
Lower MAC
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Wireless Architecture: Sensor Nets and Pervasive Systems
Mobile Internet (IP-based)
Overlay Pervasive Network Services
Compute & StorageServers
User interfaces forinformation & control
Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A
Ad-Hoc Sensor Net B
Sensor net/IP gateway GW
3G/4GBTS
PervasiveApplication
Agents
Relay Node
Virtualized Physical WorldObject or Event
Sensor/Actuator
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IP NetworkIP Network
Pervasive Systems: Key Technologies
ContentRouter
Wireless Access Point
Radio Forwarding Node
Future Cognitive RadioWireless Sensors
Infostation(wireless cache)
TinyOS
Ad-Hoc Net Protocols
Caching, Dynamic Binding
PHY Adaptation
CR Software Platform
Adaptive CR Net Protocols
Ad-Hoc Net Protocols
Caching, Dynamic Binding
ApplicationAgents
Caching, Dynamic Binding
Ad-Hoc Net Protocols
IP Network Gateway
ApplicationServer
Application
Application
Content-Based Routing
Content-Based Routing
Content-Based Routing
IP Routing
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Sensor Hardware: Multimodal ZnOdevice“Tunable” ZnO sensor prototype developed:
Can be “reset” to increase sensitivity, e.g. in liquids or gasDual mode (acoustic and UV optic)Applicable to variety of sensing needs
Gate voltageinput
REF.
2DEGmesa
SAWIDT
2DEGGround
Sensing device with chemicallyselective receptor coating
Sensoroutput
Mixer
2DEGmesa
Courtesy of: Prof Y. Lu,Rutgers U
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Sensors in roadway interact with sensor/actuator in carsOpportunistic, attribute-based binding of sensors and carsAd-hoc network with dynamically changing topologyClosed-loop operation with tight real-time and reliability constraints
Pervasive Applications: Highway Safety
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Pervasive Systems: Software ModelSensor net scenarios require a fundamentally new software model (…not TCP/IP or web!!):
Large number of context-dependent sources/sensors with unknown IP addressContent-driven networking (…not like TCP/IP client-server!)Distributed, collaborative computing between “sensor clusters”Varying wireless connectivity and resource levels
Sensor NetSoftwareModel
Pervasive Computing ApplicationPervasive Computing Application
Agent 2Agent 1
Agent 3
SensorCluster A
SensorCluster B
Run-timeEnvironment(network OS)
ResourceDiscovery
Ad-hoc Routing
OS/ProcessScheduling
Overlay Network for Dynamic Agent <-> Sensor
Association
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ORBIT Testbed: Radio Grid
64-node radio grid prototype at Busch Campus (8/04) 400-node radio grid system at Tech Center II (under construction 5/05)
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ORBIT: Field Trial System
Lucent “Base Station Router”with IP interface
“Open API” 802.11a,b,gORBIT radio node
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Web Sites for More Information:
WINLAB: www.winlab.rutgers.eduORBIT: www.orbit-lab.org
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NSF Future Internet& WMPG Planning Group Overview
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INTERNETINTERNET
Introduction: Wireless as the key driver for the future Internet
Historic shift from PC’s to mobile computing and embedded devices…
>2B cell phones vs. 500M Internet-connected PC’s in 2005>400M cell phones with Internet capability, rising rapidlyNew types of data devices (blackberry, PDA, iPoD) – distinctions becoming blurrySensor deployment just starting, but some estimates ~5-10B units by 2015
WirelessEdge
Network
WirelessEdge
Network
INTERNETINTERNET
~500M server/PC’s, ~100M laptops/PDA’s
~750M servers/PC’s, >1B laptops, PDA’s, cell phones, sensors
2005 2010
WirelessEdge
Network
WirelessEdge
Network
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Introduction: Wireless/Mobile/Sensor and the Future Internet
What does this mean for the future Internet?New end-user service requirements for mobile/wireless/sensor (P2P, P2M, M2M,…)Addressing architecture of the network needs to be revisitedNetwork state changes more rapidly than in today’s wired InternetWireless/mobile devices as infrastructure nodes (ad-hoc routers, etc.)Significant increase in network scaleData/content driven networking rather than point-to-point communication Pervasive network functionality vs. broadband streamingNew security considerations for wireless/mobilePower efficiency considerations and computing constraints
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Wireless Requirements: Mobile DataFast growth of (conventional) mobile data terminals with wireless access link implies a need for new services on the Internet:
Terminal mobility (authentication, roaming and dynamic handoff)…mobile IPv6Multicasting …IP multicastSecurity …e.g. protection against AP spoofingEfficient transport layer protocols (..non TCP)
Major topic in research & standards during 90’s, but limited use..
INTERNETINTERNET
AccessPoint (AP)
Mobile dataterminal
High packetError rate
mobility
Radio multicasting
Roaming,handoff
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Wireless Requirements: Mobile P2PP2P, 7DS, Infostations, etc. represent another emerging category of mobile applications on the Internet
Router mobilityNetwork may be disconnected at times …delayed delivery?Caching and opportunistic data delivery …. In-network storageContent- and location- aware data delivery
Internet
Low-speed wide-areaaccess
Infostationcell
Mobile Infostation
Roadway Sensors
Mobile User
Data Cache
Ad-HocNetwork
OpportunisticHigh-Speed Link
(MB/s)
Infostation
OpportunisticHigh-Speed Link
(MB/s)
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Wireless Requirements: Ad-Hoc NetsAd-hoc nets with multiple radio hops to wired Internet useful for various scenarios including mesh 802.11, sensor, etc.
Discovery and self-organization capabilitiesSeamless addressing and routing across wireless-wired gatewayGeographic routing optionsSupport for end-to-end cross-layer protocol approaches where neededPrivacy and security considerations
Relay Node
AccessPoint
Sensor
Wireless link withvarying speed and QoS
Local Interferenceand MAC Congestion
Dynamically changingNetwork topology
Best sensor-to-mobile path via wired network(needs unified routing)Wired Internet
Ad-HocNetwork
IP-Ad-hoc NetProtocol Conversion
Gateway
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INTERNETINTERNET
Wireless Requirements: Cognitive Radio
AA
BB
D
C
D
E
F
Cognitive radio drives consideration of adaptive wireless networks involving multi-hop collaboration between radio nodes
Needs Internet support similar to ad-hoc network discussed earlierRapid changes in network topology, PHY bit-rate, etc. implications for routingFundamentally cross-layer approach – need to consider wired net boundaryHigh-power cognitive radios may themselves serve as Internet routers…
Bootstrapped PHY &control link
End-to-end routed pathFrom A to F
PHY A
PHY B
PHY C
Control(e.g. CSCC)
Multi-mode radio PHYAd-Hoc Discovery
& Routing Capability
Adaptive WirelessNetwork Node
(…functionality can be quitechallenging!)
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Wireless Requirements: Sensor Nets and Pervasive Systems
Mobile Internet (IP-based)
Overlay Sensor Network Infrastructure
Compute & StorageServers
User interfaces forinformation & control
Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A
Ad-Hoc Sensor Net B
Sensor net/IP gateway GW
3G/4GBTS
PervasiveApplication
Agents
Relay Node
Virtualized Physical WorldObject or Event
Sensor/Actuator
Sensor net scenarios involve:Limited CPU speed and transmit powerIntermittent connectivity, low-speeds, ad-hoc modesData centric M2M, P2M applicationsMay involve complex real-time interactions
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Sensors in roadway interact with sensor/actuator in carsOpportunistic, attribute-based binding of sensors and carsAd-hoc network with dynamically changing topologyClosed-loop operation with tight real-time and reliability constraints
Wireless Requirements: Real-Time Sensor Net Scenarios
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Wireless Requirements: Overlay Sensor Net Backbone
Overlay networks can be used for content distribution or dynamicbinding between sensor devices and servers, agents, end-users
Use of XML or similar content descriptor to specify sensor data and application profile“Layer 7” overlay network (implemented over IP tunnels) provides content mcast or binding service between producers (sensors) and consumers (servers, users)
Content ConsumersSensor ContentProducer
OverlayRouter
A
Interest Profile
XMLDescriptor Overlay
RouterB
ApplicationAgent
Mobile User
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Internet Architecture: TCP/IP Evolution or Revolution?
Early IP Networks
+ Scalable Routing& Hierarchies
(IPv4)
IPv6IPv6
Overlay Services: mbone, VOIP/SIP, etc.
MPLS
>B mobile devices
>>B sensors
Ad-hoc routing
Cross-layer
Data driven
More security!!
Location-aware
etc.
IPv4 + more Service overlays
IPv8
New Network
Architecture& Protocols
New Network
Architecture& Protocols
?
Broadband & QoS
Increased AddressSpace
Mobility
Security
TCP RTP/UDPMedia
Streaming
Security SSL
New TP’sfor mobile, sensor
IPsec
Mobile IPDisruptive
Innovations??
graceful evolutionOf IP features??
IP as a “pipe”, new networkservices layered on top
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Evolutionary approachDesign a new wireless, ad-hoc and sensor “low-tier IP network profile to be “compatible” with IP global network (e.g. IPv6, BGP routing, MPLS, etc.)Identify critical hierarchy and core IP extensions needed and pass requirement to IETF, etc.Evolve IP functionality via new RFC’sAs wireless service needs proliferate, new low-tier IP may replace current IP intra-network
Internet Architecture: Strategies for Change
BorderRouterfor IPw Border
Routerfor IPw
BorderRouterfor IPv4
GLOBAL INTERNET
IP Wireless/SensorAccess Network (IPw)
IP Wireless/SensorAccess Network (IPw)
IP AccessNetwork
(e.g. IPv4)
New Interface Spec
New Protocol Spec
IPv6 extensions
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Overlay approachDesign new wireless, ad-hoc or sensor access net to work across global overlay networkSpecify and build new overlay networks optimized for wireless needsMay include concept of an “IP knowledge plane” accessible by overlayIf successful, IP is pushed down to a “layer 3-” service, while overlay is “3Permits significant flexibility in advanced service features, but tight optimization of packet overhead more difficult due to IP encapsulation
Internet Architecture: Strategies for Change
+”
BorderRouter
GLOBAL OVERLAY NETWORK
New Wireless/SensorAccess Network
IP AccessNetwork
New Design (non-IP)
new wireless-specific services
GLOBAL INTERNET
Overlay NetGateway
Overlay NetGateway
IP Tunnel
Overlay NetGateway
New Wireless/SensorAccess Network
new knowledge plane?
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Revolutionary approachSpecify a new “beyond IP” network optimized for mobile/wireless/sensorBuild a prototype nationwide network and offer it for experimental useUse this network for emerging mobile data and real-time sensor actuator applications with demanding performance and efficiency requirementsMost radical, risks being marginalized by Internet evolution and legacy staying power
Internet Architecture: Strategies for Change
New Designs (beyond IP)optimized for
emerging needs includingwireless-specific services
Next-Gen GLOBAL INTERNET
New Access Networkoptimized forwireless, etc.
New Access Network
BorderGateway IP Access
Network
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GENI Implementation Plan
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GENI intended to serve as programmable experimental infrastructure
Nationwide coverage with at least 25 PoP’sSeveral peering points with current InternetEdge routers and backbone switches with fiberFully programmable, virtualizable routers as the main building block~5-6 wireless sub-networks covering urban and suburban areas
GENI Implementation: Proposed System
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Advanced TechnologyDemonstrator (spectrum)
LocationService
NSF RadioTestbeds
Emulation &Simulation
Protocol &ScalingStudies
5 3
4
12
Other services
SensorNetworks
“Open” InternetConcepts forCellular devices
GENI Implementation: Wireless Sub-Networks Overview
Ad-HocMesh
Network
EmergingTechnologies
(cognitive radio)
GENIInfrastructure
Open APIWide-AreaNetworks
Embedded wireless,Real-world applicationsBroadband
Services,Mobile Computing
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GENI Core NetworkGENI Core Network
GENI Implementation: Wireless Sub-networks – 1. NSF TestbedsLarge-scale emulators and simulators provide important protocol testing capabilities when connected to GENI
Enables end-to-end protocol tests with large numbers of nodesReproducible experiments with extensive data collection; virtualization per experimentCost ~$1-3 M per testbed for control/management upgrade and integration
EMULAB
Whynet
Unified Experiment ManagementAnd Control Software
PlanetLa b
ORBIT Radio grid
Data Collection &Experiment Mgmt services
Research Focus:1. Protocol validation for next-gen wireless2. Scalability experiments (ad-hoc, sensor)3. Hybrid networks with multiple radio PHY4. End-to-end transport for mobile devices5. Controlled mobility experiments
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GENI Implementation: Wireless Subnets – 2. Urban Ad-Hoc Mesh
Ad-hoc wireless network providing full coverage of high-density urban area ~ 10 Km**2
Enables experimentation with mesh network protocols & broadband mobile applicationsDual-radio forwarding node as building blockOpen API 802.11 with soft MAC, virtualization by frequency or spaceServices for running expts, data collection, frequency assignment and spectrum measCapital cost ~$10M for ~1000 nodes (30x30) with power, some with fiber/VDSL (note: does not include software; significant operating cost for bandwidth and maintenance!)
Dual-radio ad-hoc router(includes wired interface for
AP sites)
RadioNodes
~50-100 mspacing
Ad-hocRadiolinks Access Point (wired)
Ad-Hoc Radio Node
Spectrum Monitor
Research Focus:1. Ad-hoc routing2. Self-organization & discovery3. Cross-layer optimizations4. MAC layer enhancements5. Security with ad-hoc routing6. Broadband QoS7. Impact of mobility8. Real-world application studies
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GENI Implementation: Wireless Subnets –3. Open API Wide Area Mobile Network
Open API wide-area wireless network to explore alternatives to cellular, hybrids with WLAN, Infostations, new mobile applications…
Suburban coverage ~50 Km**2 using ~10 wide-area BTS’s + ~100 short-range AP’sOpen API 3G or WiMax BTS and dual-radio 802.11 node as building blocksCapital cost ~$5-10M for BTS/tower and AP with fiber/VDSL (note: does not include software; significant operating cost for bandwidth and maintenance)
Open API 3G/WiMax BTS
802.11 relay node or AP
3G Base Station Router
802.11 Relay NodePlatform
Connections toGENI Infrastructure
Research Focus:1. Internet transport for 3G/cellular2. Mobility support in future Internet3. Hybrid 3G/WLAN handover, etc.4. Multicasting5. Transport layer for wireless6. Security in future 3G/4G7. Information caching and multimedia
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GENI Implementation: Wireless Subnets –4. Cognitive Radio Technology Demonstrator
Propose to build advanced technology demonstrator of cognitive radio networks for reliable wide-area services (over a ~50 Km**2 coverage area) with spectrum sharing, adaptive networking, etc.
Basic building block is a cognitive radio platform, to be selected from competing research projects now in progress and/or future proposalsRequires enhanced software interfaces for control of radio PHY, discovery and bootstrapping, adaptive network protocols, etc. – suitable for protocol virtualizationNew experimental band for cognitive radio (below 1 Ghz preferable)Cost for ~50 Km**2 deployment based on ~50 CR network nodes (AP’s or FN’s) + ~500 CR terminals (client modules) – estimated capital ~$7.5M (high due to early stage of technologycurve; does not include significant NRE, software or operations cost)
Cognitive Radio Network Node
Cognitive Radio Client
Cognitive Radio Network Node
Cognitive Radio Client
Connections to GENIInfrastructure
Spectrum MonitorsSpectrum Server
Research Focus:1. New technology validation of cognitive radio2. Protocols for adaptive PHY radio networks3. Efficient spectrum sharing methods4. Interference avoidance and spectrum etiquette5. Dynamic spectrum measurement6. Hardware platform performance studies
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GENI Implementation: Wireless Subnets –5. Sensor Networks
2-3 sensor network projects to be selected via proposal process in view of application-specific nature
Sensor network experiments will leverage 802.11 mesh or 3G wide area infrastructure in items 2,3Provide “user deployment kit” with platforms including sensor nodes and sensor/WLAN or sensor/3G gatewayIncremental capital cost per sensor net scenario estimated at ~$1M based on ~1000 sensors and ~100 GW’s
Dual-radio ad-hoc router(includes wired interface for
AP sites)
RadioNodes
~50-100 mspacing
Ad-hocRadiolinks Access Point (wired)
Ad-Hoc Radio Node
Spectrum Monitor
Sensor Net Area
Sensor Nodes
Sensor Gateway
802.11 Access Pointor Relay Node
802.11 radio link
Short-range sensor radio link
Research Focus:1. Sensor network protocols – data aggregation, power, etc.2. Scaling and hierarchies3. Information processing in sensor nets4. Platform hardware/software optimization5. Real-time, closed-loop sensor control applications6. Vehicular, smart space and other applications
Note: further details of 2-3 candidate sensor net application scenariosto be provided later
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GENI Project: Process Timeline
GENI Planning Group
Architecture Planning Group
Security Planning Group
Optical Networks Planning Group
Wireless/Mobile Planning Group
Preparatory GENI Projects(CISE funded)
GENIConstruction&ManagementProjects(subject toCongressionalbudget allocation)
GENIPEP
CompletedInternal NSF Reviews
GENIBudget
Decision2005 2006 2007 2008
ExternalReviews, etc.
2004
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Web Sites for More Information:
WMPG: www.winlab.rutgers.edu/WMPGGENI: www.geni.net (TBA, not public yet)