Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Technology

SK Telecom 이영찬

HSN 2001

Wireless Data Mobile Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture Network Architecture

and Technologyand Technology

2001. 2. 15.

이영찬[email protected]

SK Telecom


HSN 2001

Wireless Data Mobile Network

cdma2000 1X

gmsGPRS 와 umtsGPRS

GPRS & Mobile IP

EDGE & 1X EV-DO/DV

EDGE

1X EV-DO

1X EV-DV

UMTS Data Network 구성 및 진화 Conclusion

목차


HSN 2001

Wireless Data Mobile Network(1)2G2G 3G3G

9.6 ~14.4Kbps 144Kbps(307.2Kbps)

64Kbps (115.2Kbps)

9.6Kbps

IS-95A IS-95B

EDGE

GPRSGSM

PDC

cdma2000 1X

HSCSD

IMT-2000 MCcdma2000 3x

IMT-2000 DS(UMTS)

28.8Kbps (57.6Kbps)

115.2Kbps(171.2Kbps)

384Kbps (473.6Kbps)

144~2Mbps

PDC-P

9.6Kbps

28.8Kbps

1X EV-DO/DV

144~2Mbps

621Kbps(2.457Mbps)

1.2Mbps(5.184Mbps)


HSN 2001

Wireless Data Mobile Network(2)2G2G 3G3G

IS-95A IS-95B

EDGE

GPRSGSM

PDC

cdma2000 1X

HSCSD

IMT-2000 MCcdma2000 3x

IMT-2000 DS(UMTS)

1.25(MHz)

PDC-P

1X EV-DO /DV

CDMA

TDMA

25KHz

1.25(MHz) x 3

25(KHz) x 4

25(KHz) x 8

25(KHz) x 8

1.25(MHz) 1.25(MHz) 1.25(MHz)

5(MHz)

25KHz


HSN 2001

Single ChannelPeak Rate

ChannelConc.

Average Data Throughput

Technology

11/16

Wireless Data Mobile Network(3)Multi-Channel

Peak Rate

153.6 Kbps 1 150 Kbpscdma2000 1X(Phase 1)

153.6 Kbps

307.2 Kbps 2 415 Kbpscdma2000 1X(Rel. A)

614.4 Kbps

21.4 Kbps 8 115 KbpsgsmGPRS(200KHz) 171.2 Kbps

2.072 Mbps 3(6) 1117 Kbpscdma2000 3X MC 2.072 Mbps

2.048 Mbps 1 1126 KbpsW-CDMA(5MHz)

(umtsGPRS)2.048 Mbps

2.457 Mbps(153.6 Kbps)

1 621 Kbpscdma2000 1X EV-DO(HDR)

-

345.6 Kbps 15 1.2 Mbpscdma2000 1X EV-DV(1XTREME)

5.184 Mbps(614.4 Kbps)

59.2 Kbps 8 384 KbpsEDGE(200KHz) 473.6 Kbps

** 규격 기반의 자료로 실제 상용 장비는 현재 최소 규격만을 만족


HSN 2001

cdma2000 1X

데이터 서비스• 1X RTT : 144kbps • 패킷 데이터 지원 : MAC 기능

Description

시스템 용량• Increased by 1.5 - 2 times (IS-95A/B 비교 )• Code 채널 수 : 128 Walsh/1X

단말기 대기시간

• 2 배 (Quick Paging 채널을 이용 )

전력제어 • 고속 순방향 전력제어 (800Hz)

구 분

TX Scheme • 역방향 Continuous Transmission, Biomedical 간섭 최소

OTD • Orthogonal Code 를 이용한 송신 다이버시티

변조방식 • Turbo Code Data QPSK, Complex PN Spreading

역방향 호환성 • 95A/95B 시스템과의 호환성 지원


HSN 2001

Phase 1 Peak Data Rate = 153.6kbps; Throughput/Capacity = 150kbps

Release APeak Data Rate = 614.4kbps (2 channel concatenation)Throughput/Capacity = 415kbpsFlexibility to Deploy Data Only Carriers to Maximize End-User Data Rates

Backward Compatible with IS-95A/BSupports seamless handoffs between A/B/1X, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management

Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services on a Single Carrier Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization

Extension of IS-95B commercial deployments

cdma2000 1X


HSN 2001

Home IP Network

RADIUS

Mobile Station

HA Visited Ac c ess Provider Network

VLR HLR

RADIUS

SS7Network

IPNetwork

PDSNRN

Home IP Network, Private Network,

Home Ac c ess Provider Network

R- P Interface

Home Ac c essProvider Network

RADIUS

BrokerNetwork

<Mobile IP 참조 모델 >

cdma2000 1X Data Network

11

22

33

44

5,105,10

66

77

88

99

** 1x EV-DO 는 데이터 전용서비스로 ESN(Electronic Serial Number- 일명 hexa) 이 없이 가입자의 id 와 password 만으로 인증을


HSN 2001

Packet Data Dormant State


HSN 2001

gsmGPRS(GPRS Phase 1)

umtsGPRS(GPRS Phase 2, GPRS EV)

항목

IP & X.25 IP 위주Fixed Network

Non Real-time Packet( 순수한 Data Service)

Real-time Packet 포함(Packet 영상통화도 가능 )

Service

Rel. 97 (GSM Phase 2+) Rel. 99, Rel. 4, 5Standard

200 KHz (TDMA) 5 MHz (CDMA)Access

BSC + PCU (Gb) RNC (Iu-PS)-

SGSN GGSN RNC GGSNGTP

11/16

gsmGPRS 와 umtsGPRS 비교


HSN 2001

SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC

SGSNBSSMTTE GGSN

PDN TE

GGSN

Other PLMN

SM-SC

HLRMSC/VLR

EIR

E C

Gd

D

Gr

GcGsA

Gn

Gb

UmR GiGp Gf

Signalling Interface

Signalling and Data Transfer Interface

SGSN

Gn

GSM

GPRSother

gsmGPRS Reference Model


HSN 2001

gsmGPRS FeaturesKey User Features of GPRS

Nonvoice value added service

Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps

Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec

Quality of Service

Key Network Features of GPRSPacket Switching

Spectrum Efficiency• GSM and GPRS share the same radio resources

Internet Aware• End-to-end IP delivery

Support SMS and Paging

Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136)

Designed to support IP and X25


HSN 2001

gsmGPRS LimitationsLimitations of GPRS

Limited Cell Capacity

Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps

Transit Delays

no Store and Forward

QoS improvement needed• GPRS was not design to provide Real Time services.• Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation

Mobile-specific standard• difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards (IP Mobility, IP QoS).• The mobile network operator could experience a difficult interoperability with

Internet and miss the opportunity of using cheaper and fast evolving IP products


HSN 2001

ApplicationApplication

IP / X.25IP / X.25

SNDCPSNDCP

LLCLLC

RLCRLC

MACMAC

GSM PLGSM PL

SNDCPSNDCP

BSSGPBSSGP

L1bisL1bis

RLCRLC

MACMAC

GSM PLGSM PL

LLC RelayLLC Relay

L2L2

L1L1

L2L2

L1L1

UDP/IPUDP/IP

GTPGTP

IP / X.25IP / X.25

UmUm GbGb GnGn GiGiMSMS BSSBSS SGSNSGSN GGSNGGSN

FrameFrameRelayRelay

FrameFrameRelayRelay

BSSGPBSSGP

L1bisL1bis

LLCLLC

GTPGTP

UDP/IPUDP/IP

LLC Tunnel(virtual circuits)LLC Tunnel(virtual circuits)

GTP TunnelGTP Tunnel

IPIP

gsmGPRS User Plane

IP end to end / X.25 end to endIP end to end / X.25 end to end

To support in the same way IP and X.25 dataNot fully optimized for IP data

GTP was designed for this

heavy 3 layer protocol stack


HSN 2001

Local areanetwork

Server

Router

Local areanetwork

Server

Router

Corporate 2

Corporate 1

Intra-PLMNbackbonenetwork(IP based)

Serving GPRSSupport Node(SGSN)

Gateway GPRSSupport Node(GGSN)

GPRS INFRASTRUCTURE

HLR/AuC

MSC

RNCNode B Packet

networkPSTN

PacketnetworkSS7Network

Packetnetwork

Datanetwork(Internet)

Packetnetwork

Inter-PLMNBackbonenetwork

Border Gateway (BG)

Iu

Gr Gd

Gi.IP

Firewall

Firewall

Uu

SMS-GMSC

Gr Gd

Gs

Gs

Gp

Gn

Gn

EIR

MAP-F

Iu

Gc

umtsGPRS Network

IGSN : Integrated SGSN/GGSN, SGSN : Serving GPRS Support NodeGGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node, BG : Border Gateway


HSN 2001

umtsGPRS FeaturesKey User Features of GPRS

(Nonvoice value added service) (Nonvoice value added service) VoIP Support

(Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps)(Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps) 144 Kbps ~ 2 Mbps

Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec

Quality of Service

Key Network Features of GPRSPacket Switching

Spectrum Efficiency• (GSM and GPRS)(GSM and GPRS) PS and CS share the same radio resources

Internet Aware• End-to-end IP delivery

Support SMS and Paging

Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136)

Designed to support IP and X25


HSN 2001

umtsGPRS LimitationsLimitations of GPRS

(Limited Cell Capacity)(Limited Cell Capacity) Built-in support for future capacity enhancements• Adaptive antennas

• Advanced receiver structures : Interference cancellation, MUD

Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps

(Transit Delays)(Transit Delays) Low Delays : 10ms frame length

no Store and Forward

QoS improvement needed• (GPRS was not)(GPRS was not) UMTS was designed to provide Real Time services.• (Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation)(Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation)

High service flexibility with support of multiple parallel variable rate services on one connection : variable spreading and multi-code operation

Mobile-specific standard• (difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards : IP Mobility, IP QoS)(difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards : IP Mobility, IP QoS)• GPRS and Mobile IP Integration (future)


HSN 2001

ApplicationApplication

IP, PPPIP, PPP

PDCPPDCPBMCBMC

L2L2

L1L1

L2L2

L1L1

UDP/IPUDP/IP

GTP-UGTP-U

IP,PPPIP,PPP

UuUu Iu PSIu PS GnGn GiGiMSMS UTRANUTRAN 3G-SGSN3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN3G-GGSN

UDP/IPUDP/IP

GTP TunnelGTP Tunnel

IPIP

umtsGPRS User Plane

IP end to endIP end to end

AAL5AAL5

ATMATM

UDP/IPUDP/IP

AAL5AAL5

ATMATM

GTP-UGTP-U

UDP/IPUDP/IP

MACMAC

L1L1

PDCPDCPP

BMCBMC

RLCRLC

RelayRelay

MACMAC

L1L1

RLCRLC

GTP-UGTP-UGTP-UGTP-U

RelayRelay


HSN 2001

GPRS Mobile IP(over cdma2000 1x)

항목

IP, X.25 IP Only (Internet Aware)Support

IP / GTP / UDP / IP(heavy 3 layer protocol stack)

Mobile IP / IPProtocol

Mobile Specific Standard IETF StandardStandard

RNC, SGSN, GGSN PCF, PDSN(FA), HA서비스 엔터티

Iu-PS R-P(A10, A11)PS Domain

Interface

GPRS 망 내의 PTM-SC (1) IP 상의 IGMPMulticast

3GPP TS 23.060 3GPP2 IOS표준 규격

11/16

GPRS 와 Mobile IP 비교

(1) GPRS 네트웍에서 PTM(Point-to-Multipoint) 서비스를 지원하는 PTM-SC(PTM Service Center)


HSN 2001

Externaldata

networkBSCBTS GGSNSGSN

HLR

Gb Gn

Gr

Abis

Gs

Gi

VLR

MSC

GSM & GPRS

FA

Externaldata

networkRNCNodeB IGSN

Iu-PSIubIPMobile

IP HA

UMTS

GPRS and Mobile IP Integration

GPRS : micro-mobility MIP : macro-mobility


HSN 2001

EDGE cdma2000 1x EV-DO cdma2000 1x EV-DV항목

200 KHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHzChannel

Size

Best effort Data Only Best effort Data Only Mixed Voice & DataServices

470 Kbps downlink2.457 Mbps downlink153.6 Kbps uplink

5.184 Mbps downlink614.4 kbps uplink

Peak date rate

No No YesCompatible

with 2G

8-PSKQPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM

QPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM, 64-QAM

Modulation

SGSN GGSN Not supported Same as IS-95/IS-2000Voice

Hand-off

BSC + PCUF:fast cell selectionR:soft

F:fast cell selectionR:soft

Data Hand-off

TDMA TDMA (+ CDMA) CDMAMultipleAccess

11/16

EDGE 와 1X EV 비교


HSN 2001

EDGEEDGE(Enhanced Data rates for the GSM and TDMA Evolution)

기존 주파수에서 멀티미디어 , IP 서비스를 384Kbps 로 제공 타임 슬롯당 48Kbps 의 속도로 최대 69.2Kbps 까지 제공GSM 표준인 GMSK(Gaussian prefiltered minimum shift keying) 이 아닌 8-PSK(8-phase shift keying ) Modulation 방식 사용으로 data rate 가 3배 높다 .

EDGE 와 GPRS 를 결합함으로써 무선망 활용을 향상시키며 2001 년 상용 서비스 실현을 목표로 개발 로직 채널 및 200KHz 주파수 대역폭을 이용하므로 기존 셀 계획을 그대로 사용해 약간의 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 변경만으로 사용EDGE 는 GSM 사업자뿐 아니라 TDMA 방식 「 IS-136(D-AMPS) 」의 차기 시스템으로서도 이용 가능한 사양으로 유럽과 미국에서 합의


HSN 2001

• A new modulation Scheme- 8PSK

• 200 KHz Channel spacing- unchanged

• Symbol rate unchanged- 270k symbol/sBUT- 3 bits/symbol

Rate Code RateCS1 9.05kb/s 0.5CS2 13.4kb/s 0.66CS3 15.6kb/s 0.75CS4 21.4kb/s 1.0

GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)

GPRSGPRS

Rate Code RateMCS5 22.4 kb/s 0.37MCS6 29.6 kb/s 0.49MCS7 44.8 kb/s 0.76MCS8 59.2 kb/s 1.00

8-PSK (3 bit/s/symbol)

GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)

Rate Code RateMCS1 8.8 kb/s 0.53MCS2 11.2 kb/s 0.66MCS3 14.8 kb/s 0.80MCS4 17.6 kb/s 1.00

EDGE = GMSK + PSK

EDGEEDGE

EDGE - Key AspectsEDGE - Key AspectsEDGE - Key AspectsEDGE - Key Aspects

Coding Rates for EDGE & GPRS

자료 : Motorola


HSN 2001

Peak Data Rate = 2.4Mbps

Throughput/Capacity = 620kbps

HDR is a Creative Technical Solution for Web Browsing Services – demonstrated in trials

HDR is Limited to Bursty, Non-Real Time 1-Way Services

Cannot support voice, mixed voice & data, or real time 2-way services

Functionality limited by inherently large round-trip delays

Requires a Dedicated Data Carrier Throughout Network

Cannot seamlessly handoff to IS-95A/B or 1X systems

Roaming requires tri mode mobiles (IS95A/B, 1X and HDR)

HDR is a Hybrid CDMA/TDMA Technology

HDR Initial Chipsets Planned only for Data Devices, Not mixed Handsets

cdma2000 1X EV-DO (HDR)

자료 : Motorola


HSN 2001

Peak Data Rate = 5.2Mbps; Throughput/Capacity = 1.2Mbps

Peak rate achieved through 15 channel concatenation

Adaptive technologies greatly improve peak rates and capacity• Adaptive Scheduling

– Optimize scheduling to support data only or mixed services– Trade peak data capacity in support of mixed services

• Adaptive Modulation and Coding– High Data Rate Carrier in 1.25MHz bandwidth

– 64 QAM ( ~5 Mbps peak), 16 QAM (~2.7 Mbps peak)– Turbo codes : Error correction near theoretical limit– Explicit Information Bit Rate Detection

• Adaptive Hybrid ARQ– Automatically adapts to instantaneous channel conditions– Enabled by novel Dual Channel Stop-and-Wait Hybrid ARQ

• Adaptive Multi-code Allocation– Code Division Multiplex packets from different users within a frame– Multiple codes for a single user within a frame supports peak data

rates

cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME)

자료 : Motorola


HSN 2001

• Adaptive Cell Site Selection

– Fast selection replaces forward link soft handoff for 1XTREME terminals

– Reduced interference leads to increased capacity

• Adaptive Antennas

– Downlink Tx Diversity (Space Time Block Coding)

– Uplink and Downlink Rx Antenna Diversity option

Backward Compatible with IS-95A/B and 1X

Supports handoffs between A/B/1X/1XTREME, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management

Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services

Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization

cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME)

자료 : Motorola


HSN 2001

Downlink: 5.184 Mbps peak info rate with 64 QAM

Uplink:460.8 Kbps, 307.2 Kbps, 153.6 Kbps, 76.8 Kbps, 38.4 Kbps, 19.2 Kbps, 9.6 Kbps

Info Rate (Mbps)

Packet Size

Info Rate (Mbps)

Packet Size

6 5.1840 25920 0.3456 1728 3/4 645 3.4560 17280 0.2304 1152 1/2 644 3.4560 17280 0.2304 1152 3/4 163 2.3040 11520 0.1536 768 1/2 162 1.7280 8640 0.1152 576 3/4 41 1.1520 5760 0.0768 384 1/2 4

Modulation15 codes 1 code

MCS Code rate

Mod = 64 Mod = 64 Mod = 16 Mod = 16 Mod = 4 Mod = 4Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2 Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2 Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2

Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15

123

1.1520.5760.384

5.184 3.456 3.456 2.304 1.7282.592 1.728 0.864

0.5761.728 1.152

1.728 1.152 1.152 0.768

# of Attempts

Effective Information Bit Rate (Mbps)

자료 : Motorola

1XTREME Peak Data Rates


HSN 2001

망 구성 방안상용 시점에 따라서 3GPP R’99 또는 R4 / R5 기반으로 구성GSM 및 gsmGPRS 고유의 기능을 위한 Overhead 제거

• 2G GSM 과의 연동 및 Backward Compatibility 를 위해 존재하는 부분 제거

• umtsGPRS 부분만 적용 (3GPP 표준 준수하는 범위에서 )

UTRAN 부분은 ATM 기반• All IP 로 진화하면 Pure IP 로 바뀌는 것이 효률적

Core Network 부분은 Pure IP 기반문제점

umtsGPRS 망과 cdma2000 1x DCN 의 연동 및 결합• 공통 Node (AAA, HA, Charging Server…..) 의 구성방안• UMTS MAP 과 IS-41 MAP 의 차이• 설계 단계에서 발생한 Service Profile (QoS…) 차이• 2G HLR, SCP, SMSC 등 Nodes 와 3G Nodes• IS-95A/B Data Network 과의 Roaming 문제

진화 절차 및 단계• 상용화 된 망의 규모에 따라 새로운 Architecture 도입 판단

UMTS Data Network 구성


HSN 2001

GfGi

Iu-ps

GiMr

Gi

Ms

Gi

R UuMGW

Gn

Gc

Gp

TE MT UTRAN

GrOther PLMN

SGSN

GGSN

GGSN

EIR

SGSN

Gn

MGCF

R-SGW

MRF

MultimediaIP Networks

PSTN/Legacy/External

Applications &Services *)

Mm

Mw

Legacy mobilesignalingNetwork

Mc

Cx

AlternativeAccess

Network

Mh

CSCF

CSCF

Mg

T-SGW *)

HSS *)

HSS *)

Applications& Services *)

SCP

CAP

PDSN M-IP HARANMTTE

R Um R-P M-IP

IGSN(FA)

M-IP

SCP

Gi

CSCF

MRF

Gi

Pi

Signalling and Data Transfer Interface

Signalling Interface

cdma2000 1x

UMTS

Wireless Data Network 의 진화

CSCF Call State Control FunctionHSS Home Subscriber ServerMGCF Media Gateway Control FunctionMGW Media GatewayMRF Media Resource FunctionR-SGW Roaming Signalling GatewaySCP Service Control PointT-SGW Transport Signalling Gateway


HSN 2001

Conclusion

Core Technology

GPRS 와 Mobile IP 의 결합All IP Network 으로 진화Radio Spectrum 효율이 혁신적으로 개선 (smart antenna 와 같은 beam forming application)

QoS / CoS

Internet 기술과 Wireless Data Network 의 결합

향후 과제Multimedia Contents

Operator 의 전략 • 통화료• Roaming• 서비스 차별화

다양한 Terminals

Documents

Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Technology