How does a challenging

setting or physical environment change a

person?

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Wit & Wisdom, Grade 4

Module 2

Vocabulary

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture abated(v.) Tobecomelessenedor

loweredinamountorforce

lowered,lessened,diminished

abdomen(n.) Thepartofthebodycontainingthedigestiveorgans

belly,stomach

Alps(n.) AmountainrangeinEurope

Andes(n.) AmountainrangeinSouthAmerica

Appalachians(n.)

AmountainrangeintheeasternpartoftheUnitedStates

asset(n.) Ausefulorvaluablething,person,orquality

resource,strength,benefit

assume(v.) Tosupposewithoutproof

presumed,supposed,believed

bluff(n.) Asteepcliff ridge,peak,overhang

Vocabulary2-14

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture challenge(n.) Apuzzleordifficulttask

whichrequireseffortandconcentrationtosolveorovercome

problem,obstacle,test

civilization(n.) Thesociety,culture,andwayoflifeofaparticulararea

society

compounded(v.)

Intensifythenegativeaspectsof

magnified,worsened,intensified

concussion(n.) Temporaryunconscousnesscausedbyablowtothehead

force,impact

consequence(n.)

importance significance

crust(n.) ThetoplayeronthesurfaceoftheEarth

desperation(n.)Astateofdespair hopelessness,distress

device(n.) Atoolormethodusedotmeasureorachieveaparticularresult

instrument

Vocabulary2-15

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture dim(adv.) Inafaintorindistinct

way;notclearlight,weak

disappointment(n.)

Thefeelingofbeingletdown

dismay

drench(v.) Thoroughlywet soak,douse,wetthrough

effect(n.) Theresultofsomethingortheabilitytobringaboutaresult

consequence,outcome

effortlessly(adv.)

Requiringlittleeffort easily

emerged(v.) Tobecomeknown Revealed,appeared,comeintoview

erosion(n.) Thebreaking-downofrocksorsoilfromwind,water,orice

eruption(n.) Anexplosionoroutburstbecauseofpressure

burst,explosion

Vocabulary2-16

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture expose(v.) Somethingthatcanbe

fullyseenreveal,uncover,unprotected

extreme(adj.) Ofakindofdegreethatismuchbeyondwhatisaverageornormal

exceptional,extraordinary,remarkable

Fahrenheit(n.) Ameasurementoftemperature,mainlyusedintheUnitedStates

flailing(v.) Towaivearoundwildly thrash,wave

flammable(adj.)Somethingthatiseasytosetonfire

combustible,ignitable,burnable

frail(adj.) Aweak,delicateperson weak,fragile

frantic(adj.) Wildordistraughtwithfear

panicky,agitated,chaotic

glacier(n.) Slow-movingriverofice

Vocabulary2-17

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture gnarled(adj.) Knobby,rough,and

twistedRough,twisted,crooked

gorge(v.) Eatalargeamount stuff,cram,fill

hemlock(n.) Atypeofevergreentree;oftenassociatedwithdeathorbadluck

Himalayan(n.) AmountainrangeinAsia

ignite(v.) Tostartonfire setfire,tocausetoburn

immense(adj.) Extremelylargeorgreat huge,vast,massive

impatience(n.) Notabletowaitortoleratedelay

restless,anxious

incessant(adj.) Continuingwithoutstopping

constant,continual,nonstop

Vocabulary2-18

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture indicate(v.) Topointout;show show,signify,

signal

insane(adj.) Characteristicorcausedbymadness

hysterical,crazy,mad

instinctive(adj.)Doingaspecificthingnaturallyorautomatically

natural,intuitive

keening(adj.) Sharp shrill,sharp

kindling(n.) Bitsofdrywoodorothereasilylightedmaterialforstartingafire

twigs,bitsofwood

lunged(v.) Tomakeasuddenforwardthrust

charge,push,strike

madness(noun)Astateofchaoticactivity

craziness,hysteria

magma(n.) Moltenrock,calledlavawhenitreachesEarth'ssurface

Vocabulary2-19

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture massively(adv.) Onavastscale huge,heavy,

large

memorable(adj.)

Worthrememberingoreasilyremembered

unforgettable,catchy,notable

mental(adj.) Relatingtothemind thoughtful,intellectual,brainy

mocking(v.) Toimitateormimic imitating,mimicking,teasing,taunting

moisture-laden(adj.)

Carryingalotofmoisture

wet

mood(n.) Theemotionsareaderfeelsasaresultofreadingastory

feeling

murky(adj.) Darkanddirty;notclearmuddy,cloudy,dirty

oblivious(adj.) Notawareoforconcernedaboutwhatishappening

unmindful,unawareof,unsuspecting

Vocabulary2-20

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture overcome(v.) 1.Tobeweakenedby

emotion2.Tosucceedinastruggle

1.overwhelm2.beat,conquer

painstaking(adj.)

Requiringalotofcare,effort,orhardwork

takinggreatcare,verycareful

panic(n.) Afeelingofintenseworryorfear;terror;dread

terror

persistent(adj.) Continuingtoexistorendureoveralongperiod

tireless,insistent,constant

perspective(n.) Thewayyoulookatsomethingorthinkaboutsomething

pointofview,standpoint

plates(n.) LargesectionsoftheEarth'scrust

precise(adj.) Referringtoanexactorparticularthing

exact,specific,strict

pulverize(v.) Toreducetofindparticles

beat,thrash

Vocabulary2-21

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture reflection(n.) Animageseenina

mirrororclearshinysurface

image,likeness

remnants(n.) Asmallremainingquantityofsomething

remains,leftovers,remainders,scraps

resilience(n.) Thecapacitytorecoverquicklyfromdifficulties;toughness

snap,flexibility

resilient(adj.) Beingabletowithstandorrecoverquicklyfromdifficultconditions

strong,tough,hardy

rue(v.) Toregretsomething lament,feelsorry

savagely(adv.) Toaverygreatandseveredegree

wildly,viciously

savored(v.) Toenjoyorappreciatesomethingcompletely

relished,enjoyed,

scarcely(adj.) Hardly;slightly;byonlyalittlebit

hardly,barely

Vocabulary2-22

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture self-pity(n.) Excessiveandself-

absorbedunhappinessoverone'sowntroubles

feelingsorry,depressed

setback(n.) Areversalorcheckinprogress

defeat,trouble,reverse

shadow(n.) Anareadofshadecreatedwhenthesunisbehindanobject

shade

shame(n.) Apainfulfeelingofhumiliationordistress

pity,misfortune,sadthing

shelter(n.) Asafeplaceawayfromdancerorelementsofweather

cover,refuge

slacken(v.) Slowdown sluggish,slow

solemn(adj.) Notcheerfulorsmiling;serious

serious,grave,somber,stern

solitary(adj.) Tobealoneorbyoneself

alone,solo,isolated,single

Vocabulary2-23

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture spectacular(adj.)

Beautifulinadramaticandeye-catchingway

impressive,breathtaking

strata(n.) Layersofrock

substantial(adj.)

Ofconsiderableimportance,size,orworth

big,considerable,significant

survival(n.) Thewilltolive endure,live

suspended(v.) Deferordelay interrupted,postponed,delayed

talusslope(n.) Pilesofbrokenboulders,rocks,andsoilatthebottomofamountain

theme(n.) Thecentralmessageofaliterarywork

subject,topic,idea

thrust(v.) Topushwithforce force,shove,drive

Vocabulary2-24

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture tinder(n.) Anydry,easily

flammablematerialfuel

transmission(n.)

Amessagethathasbeensent

message,call

transmitter(n.) Asetofequipmentusedtogenerateandtransmitmessages

triggered(adj.) Causedbyaparticularaction,process,orsituation

activated,setoff,provoked

tumultuously(adj.)

Excited,confused,ordisorderly

stormy,intense,violent

turbulence(n.) Stormyweateronairpatterns;commotion;turmoil

disturbance

vents(n.) CracksintheEarth'scrustwherelavacomesout

visibility(n.) Thestateofbeingabletoseeorbeseen

clarity

Vocabulary2-25

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture vital(adj.) Absolutelynecessaryor

important;essential

needed,important

watervapor(n.)Moleculesofwaterintheair

steam

wilderness(n.) Anuninhabitedareainnature

backcountry

wither(v.) Tobecomedryandshriveled

shrivelup,dryup

Vocabulary2-26

Word Meaning Synonyms Sentence Picture

Vocabulary2-27

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