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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
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Hodder Education Revision Lessons
Urbanisation
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
Urbanisation takes place when urban areas increase in size
and population.
One reason is high birth rates and lowering death rates
Another reason is high rates of migration from rural to urban areas
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Urbanisation
Fotolia
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
Explain why economically poorer countries have high birth rates.
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High birth rates in economically poorer countries
Fotolia
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
Question: Explain why developing countries have high
birth rates.
• People cannot afford contraception and they find it
difficult to obtain.
• It is traditional to have large families.
• Families have lots of children to ensure some will survive
because of high infant mortality rates.
• Children are needed as workers.
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High birth rates in economically poorer countries
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
Life is hard in rural areas in economically poorer countries:
• There are few services such as healthcare and schools.
• There are limited job opportunities. Farming is the main job.
• There is poor water supply and sanitation.
These are push factors because they push people away from rural areas.
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Rural areas Urban areasLife is easier in urban areas in economically poorer countries:
• There is access to healthcare and medicine.
• There are more jobs and a range of types of jobs.
• Workers earn higher wages.
These are pull factors because they pull people to the urban areas
Why do people move from rural to urban areas?
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
Few jobs except farming
Lack of health services
Little entertainment
Lack of schools
Lack of teachers
Poor housing
Extreme climate
Complete the table to explain how push factors affect quality of life in rural areas.
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Push factors
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
Few jobs except farming
Lack of health services
Little entertainment
Lack of schools
Lack of teachers
Poor housing
Extreme climateClick to
continue
Push factorsWhich is hard work and low pay, so people have health problems and can’t afford to buy medicine. It is unreliable, so sometimes they have no food or money if there is a drought
So people are ill more often and more likely to die (low life expectancy and high infant mortality rate)
So people are bored and their quality of life is poor
Because there are not enough children in the villages to be able to pay for a building or a teacher. Children might have to travel far to get to school and if they are working (fetching water/wood or farming) they might not have time to get there
There are few people who are qualified to be teachers and pay is low, so many move to urban areas
Because there is no water supply or electricity so no lighting or heat for cooking. There can be droughts or floods, so housing might be demolished
Such as droughts, hurricanes and floods, so people, housing and farm animals are at risk and people could be homeless or lose all their possessions
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
There is more healthcare
There are more schools
Entertainment opportunities
Better/more housing opportunities
Greater choice of jobs
Complete the table to explain how pull factors affect quality of life in urban areas.
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Pull factors
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
There is more healthcare
There are more schools
Entertainment opportunities
Better/more housing opportunities
Greater choice of jobs
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Pull factors
Because there are more taxes being paid, so there is more money for the government to spend on healthcare
Taxes help to provide the schools. Teachers are attracted by higher wages and better facilities
Because there is more to do, so people’s quality of life is better because they are happier and have a better social life
Which have electricity, water and sanitation and are better built, so safer and better living conditions so higher life expectancy/lower infant mortality
So people can use or develop skills and it might be easier work than farming. Wages are also often higher
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
Benefits for rural areas Problems for rural areas
Benefits for urban areas Problems for urban areas
Complete the table below to explain the benefits and problems of rural-to-urban migration.
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What are the benefits and problems of rural-to-urban migration?
WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 6
Benefits for rural areas Problems for rural areas
Benefits for urban areas Problems for urban areas
What are the benefits and problems of rural-to-urban migration?
When family members move to urban areas, they often send back money to family members in rural areas so they can improve their quality of life
Often it is skilled men who move to urban areas, leaving behind women, children and the elderly. They find it difficult to do all the jobs needed to survive, so are often short of food, wood and water
Urban areas have a large population who is willing to work for low wages, so industry benefits. They also pay taxes, so there is more for the local authority to spend on services like healthcare
Most people who move from rural areas end up living in shanty towns, which are dangerous places to live. There is also more pressure on water supply, schools and healthcare
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