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GLOBAL COLLABORATION: Adapting for the FUTURE of
Conserving & Managing Species on the path of EXTINCTION
KC Hanscom
*-- Extinction --*
MOST INFLUENTIAL threat to BIODIVERSITY today
HUMANs today have skyrocketed (couple thousand times) the NATURAL EXTINCTION RATE of Species today
Only 2.3 percent of the EARTHs surface holds CRITICAL BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS
Those HOTSPOTS have lost 70 percent of their natural habitat due to HUMAN INDUCED INTERESTS
WHAT areas of the EARTH are most CRITICAL for preserving BIODIVERSITY?
[1988] NORMAN MYERS (British Ecologist) asked this question and defined the biodiversity hotpots on the EARTH
Caribbean IslandsHotspot Original Extent
(km²)229,549
Hotspot Vegetation Remaining (km²) 22,955
Endemic Plant Species 6,550
Endemic Threatened Birds 48
Endemic Threatened Mammals 18
Endemic Threatened Amphibians 143
Extinct Species† 38
Human Population Density (people/km²) 155
Area Protected (km²) 29,605
Area Protected (km²) in Categories
I-IV*16,306
Lesser AntillesGreater Antilles CUBAJamaica Bahamas
12 Independent Nations
Climatic Conditions Caribbean Mountains --- Moist
Tropical Forests Marsh Forest
Seasonal Forest
Montane Forest
Eflin Woodland
Lagoons & River Mouths Brackish & Freshwater Swamps
Mangroves
Low-lying ISLANDS --- SEMI arid Dry evergreen bush land and thicket
Savana
Cactus Shrub & Spiny Shrub
-- ESCALATING –-Historical Threats
HUMAN ARIVAL --- 4,000 years ago
LAST 500 years --- HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRATION
[1500s] DEFORESTATION 4 SUGAR CANE
BIGGEST THREAT to BioDIVERSITY --- HUMAN INTRODUCED INVASIVE SPECIES for HUMAN INTERESTS
[1872] Asian Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) --- used to control rodents & poisonous snakes ---
DEVASTATED NATIVE POPULATIONS --- Reptiles & Amphibians ---
LED to EXTINCTION of DOZENS of SPECIES
AGRICULTURE
MINING
COAL PRODUCTION --- ADDs induced CARBON EMMISSIONS
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
NO MORE than 10 % --- ORIGINAL VEGETATION REMAINS
LESS than 15 % --- CUBA’s FOREST REMAIN (largest remaining in CARIBBEAN)
The Rufa Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa)
RED KNOTS range throughout the U.S. (orange)
KEY HISTORICAL HUMAN DISTURBANCES
[1900-1950] Early Coastal Development
1918 -- MBTA ( X hunting & trade )
**NOTICABLE RED KNOT RECOVERY**
1920 – 1st Beach Fill
Hardening of the Coast
[1950-1970] DECLINE in HORSESHOE / CRAB #s
Transition to Beach Nourishment
[1979-2004] Delaware Bay (HEMISPHERIC
SIGNIFCANCE)
**CRAB HARVESTS SKYROCKET**
1996 -- Delaware Bay OIL SPILL
Delaware Bay Shorebird Project
**MANAGEMENT for CRABS**
Red Knots tracked to ARCTIC
**2002 -- RED KNOT** populations start RAPID FREEFALL
2006 -- LISTED as ENDANGERED --
Habitat Destruction
HUMAN DISTURBANCESESCALATE..
* National Climate Data Center Info –USFWS *
(data taken from multiple federal agencies and multiple scientists displays the
increasing sea-level rise {mm})
MIGRATION STOPOVER..FACTS
TRAVEL up to 9,300 Miles –- S to N –every SPRING
3 sub-species -- WESTERN HEMI –**(C.c. islandica, C.c. roselaari, C.c. rufa)**
EAT– small clams & mussels & snails & other invertebrates (shell and all)
BREED in ARCTIC
ESSENTIALS for SURVIVAL RICH STOPOVER HABITATS -- Easily
Digested Foods OR Thin/No Shells –***QUALITY***
ABUNDANT STOPOVER HABITATS –***QUANTITY***
***PERFECT TIMING***
***AWARENESS*** -- locations of STORM / WEATHER patterns
AFTER BREEDING in the ARCTIC… RED KNOTS like to travel in LARGE FLOCKS*BENEFITS…
PREDATOR PROTECTION IN #s
*NON-BENEFITS / NEGATIVES…As HABITATs Shrink DUE to HUMAN
INTERESTS / DISTURBANCES… COMPETITION between SPECIES for NECESSITIES INCLINES..
*&* CLIMATE CHANGEs IMPACT …
As predator species in the arctic become deprived of prey resources and habitat destruction from glacial melting… Seeking out new sources of food has become the NORM in present day life for these arctic creatures…
This creates a TARGET for the Red Knot’s eggs, as the artic flora & fauna gets continuously pushed backwards by melting glaciers & destructive forces on the habitat that comes with dramatic climatic changes in the ecosystem.
THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Red Knot -- Passed 10 Years
LAST SEEN In 2008
Habitat has been SURROUNDED
Resorts and Restaurants & other Development
RISING SEA LEVELS & CLIMATE CHANGE
Infrastructure like ROADS
All LEADS to…
IMPERVIOUS SURFACES (water quality)
CARBON EMMISSIONS (air quality)
FREQUENCIES used by HUMANS (confusion)
THE COMBO --- HUMAN DISTURBANCES --- DISAPPEARING REDKNOT
THE BIRD with ALL the PROBLEMS
USFWS: The Red Knot Cooperative Aggreement
Established in the UNITED STATES and aids the scenario by PROTECTING the BREEDING grounds of the HORSESHOE CRAB (keystone species) in DELAWARE BAY…
Considering the RED KNOT is a versatile WESTERN HEMI / N & S POLE Migrator, in order to PRESERVE this species, COOPERATION & COLLABORATION between nations for a COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN will aid but NOT GUARENTEE survival of the REDKNOT, whose journey EXTENDS in TIME without SUFFICIENT TOOLS needed in COMPLETION of that JOURNEY…
DESPITE the MBTA, that historically noticed the OVER EXPLOITATION of HUNTING to REDKNOTS almost to EXTICTION…
HUNTING REGULATIONS on this bird in the CARIBBEAN ISLANDS has significantly ADDED to DRAMATIC REDUCTIONS on this UNIQUE BIRD species..
This EXPOSES the LACK of SOCIETAL pressures / HUMAN indifferences ASSOCIATED with FUNDING for PROTECTION and ACKNOWLEDGEMENT of the REDKNOT
CURRENT INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
CANADA
UNITED STATES
CENTRAL AMERICA
SOUTH AMERICA
BRAZIL
ARGENTINA
N
S
*--PHOTO EVIDENCE of RED KNOT in last 10 Yrs--*
Tells me… either…*RED KNOTS hunted in large FLOCKs*Adapted to HUNTING in CARIBBEAN*Adapted to Climatic Conditions*#s are EXTREMELY LOW*DIED on STARVING JOURNEYS*IS it ALREADY BE TOO LATE??
CEPF Strategic Directions and Investment Priorities
[CEPF]Corridor Accomplishments
1. Cockpit Country - North Coast Forest - Black River Great Morass
– Jamaica
2. Portland Bight Protected Area
– Jamaica
3. Massif du Nord
– Haiti
4. Massif de la Selle – Jaragua – Bahoruco - Enriquillo binational corridor
– Haiti and Dominican Republic
5. Cordillera Central
– Dominican Republic
6. Central Mountain Range
– St. Vincent and the Grenadines
CONCLUSION & DISCUSSION…