Wollof Grammar Manual - African Cultureafricanculture.dk/gambia/ftp/wolfgram.pdf · Wollof Grammar Manual prepared by Peace Corps The Gambia PO Box 582 Banjul The Gambia tel: 220

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  • Wollof Grammar Manual

    prepared by

    Peace Corps The GambiaPO Box 582

    BanjulThe Gambia

    tel: 220 392466

    1995

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