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CHAPTER-1
1
INTRODUCTION:
Human resources are the set of individuals who make up
the workforce of an organization, business sector or an economy. "Human
capital" is sometimes used synonymously with human resources, although
human capital typically refers to a more narrow view; i.e., the knowledge
the individuals embody and can contribute to an organization. Likewise,
other terms sometimes used include "manpower", "talent", "labor" or
simply "people".
William R. Tracey, in The Human Resource Glossary defines
Human Resources as: "The people that staff and operate an organization";
as contrasted with the financial and material resources of an organization.
Human Resources is also the organizational function that deals with the
people and issues related to people such as compensation,
hiring,performance management, and training. A Human Resource is a
single person or employee within your organization.
THE BRITISH INSTITUTE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT-
Working environment means creating a conduce“It is the part of the
management function which is concerned with people at work and with
relationship within an enterprise. Its aim is to bring together and develop
into an effective organization the men and women who make up an
enterprise and having regard to the well being of an individual and of
working groups, to enable to make their best contribution to its success”
2
WORKERS SAFETY AND WELFARE:
In the early days industrialization started the hazards and
accident also started increasing. The newer technology process and
machine which were invented brought in its wake many hazards. Hither to
unknown and many precious lives was cost. The man himself who was
responsible for the industrialization becomes a victim of his own creation.
At that point of time it was thought that accidents are acts of guard and in
evitable.
In the year 1911, when the legislation for workmen
compensation Act was passed and the employees were asked to pay for
the job injuries then it was thought that it would be better and economical
if accidents itself could be prevented instead of spending on
compensation. This thinking leads to appreciate the importance of
accident and leads to satisfy movement. It was only a short step from this
to the realization that the majority of accident could be prevented and the
some ingenuity which invented the new technology and machines could be
effectively utilized in accident prevention.
Industrial workers have been exposed to additional accident
and poor health because and environmental pollution. Occupational
diseases and accidents created by rapid industrialization. These aspects of
3
industrial life have started getting additional attention from all concerned
employers, employees and their unions and government.
Due to rapid industrialization, mechanical, electrical chemical
and radiation hazards have increased at the workplace and industrial are
exposed. Industrial accident have drawn attention from such disciplines as
sociology, psychology & engineering, sociologist and psychologist have
been attempt to solve the problems of accident in terms pf proper
selection, training and education of workers and their socio-psychological
factor that make them prone to accidents. Engineer has made proper
designing of mechanical safety devices. Safety and accident prevention is
multi-dimensional issue and therefore require comprehensive approach.
An accident is an unplanned and uncontrolled event which
causes injury to a person. It implies that the events are unplanned and
uncontrollable by the person immediately before the occurrence of the
events.Under the factories Act 1948, “an accident is the occurrence in an
industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person who makes him
unfits to resume his duties in the next 48 hours”.
Thus from an initial humanization approach the accident
prevention and safety movement has grown into a viable preposition
which could be economically and commercially justified. No industry and
that too in developing country like are could afford such losses. Hence, no
4
effect should be spared to prevent losses due to accident. The National
Safety Council of America considers as accident to mean “any unexpected
event that interrupts or interfaces with the orderly progress of the
production activity or process”
Accidents may cause damage to equipment or materials or
may delay production without resulting in an injury or fatality. However
many later investigation on safety and accidents points out that accidents
do cost minor sand major injuries to workers and sometime even death.
NATURE OF ACCIDENT:
The nature of accidents in an industrial setting causing injury
may show wide variation. It may be just a scratch on any part of the form a
resultant death.
A minor accident is one which causes injuries of a minor,
nature like a scratch or scratches. A minor accident is one which may be
either fatal or causes disability. Disability may take the form of a loss of
ability to work or move. Such disability may be either temporary or
permanent. Both these type of disabilities may be either or partial. A
temporary partial disability reduces the earning capacity of a person in the
employment in which he was engaged of the time of accident. A
5
permanent partial disability reduces his ability earn income from any
employment which he was capable of occurred.
In a partial disability the person concerned his entitled to
compensation to the extent to which his ability to earn is reduced. a total
disability either of temporary or permanent nature, in capacitates the
person and make it impossible for him to engage in any work he was
capable of performing at the time of accident which resulted in that
disability. In case of total disability the person is entitled for full
compensation.
ELEMENTS OF WORK ENVIRONMENT
Heat and Cold
6
In India, the most common physical hazard is heat. The direct
effects of heat exposure are burns, heat exhaustion, heat stroke and heat
cramps; the indirect effects are decreased efficiency, increased fatigue
and enhanced accident rates. Many industries have local “hot spots” –
ovens and furnaces, which radiate heat. Radiant heat is the main problem
in foundry, glass and steel industries, while heat stagnation is the principal
problem in jute and cotton textile. High temperatures are also found in
mines. Physical work under such conditions is very stressful and impairs
the health and efficiency of the workers. For gainful work involving
sustained and repeated effort, a reasonable temperature must be
maintained in each work room.
Important hazards associated with cold work are chilblains,
erythrocyanosis, immersion foot, and frostbite as a result of cutaneous
vasoconstriction. General hypothermia is not unusual.
Light
7
The workers may be exposed to the risk of poor illumination or
excessive brightness. The acute effects of poor illumination are eye strain,
headache, eye pain, lachrymation, congestion around the cornea and eye
fatigue. The chronic effects on health include “miners’snystagmus”.
Exposure to excessive brightness or “glare” is associated with discomfort,
annoyance and visual fatigue. Intense direct glare may also result in
blurring of vision and lead to accidents. There should be sufficient and
suitable lighting, natural or artificial, wherever persons are working.
Noise
Noise is a health hazard in many industries. The effects of noise are
of two types:
(i) Auditory effects - which consist of temporary or permanent hearing
loss
8
(ii) Non-auditory effects – which consist of nervousness, fatigue,
interference with communication by speech, decreased
efficiency and annoyance.
The degree of injury from exposure to noise depends upon a number of
factors such as intensity and frequency range, duration of exposure
and individual susceptibility.
Vibration
Vibration, especially in the frequency range 10 to 500 Hz. May be
encountered in work with pneumatic tools such as drills and hammers.
Vibration usually affects the hands and arms. After some months or years
of exposure, the fine blood vessels of the fingers may become increasingly
sensitive to spasm (white fingers). Exposure to vibration may also produce
injuries of the joints, of the hands, elbows and shoulders.
9
Ultraviolet Radiation
Occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation occurs mainly in arc
welding. Such radiation occurs mainly affects the eyes, causing intense
conjunctivitis and keratitis (welder’s flash). Symptoms are redness of the
eyes and pain, these usually disappear in a few days with no permanent
effect on the vision or on the deeper structures of the eye.
Ionizing Radiation
Ionizing radiation is finding increasing application in medicine and
industry, e.g. x-rays and radioactive isotopes. Important radio-isotopes are
cobalt60 and phosphorus32. Certain tissues such as bone marrow are
more sensitive than others and from a genetic standpoint, there are
special hazards when the gonads are exposed. The radiation hazards
comprise genetic changes, malformation, cancer, leukemia, depilation,
ulceration, sterility and in extreme cases death. The International
Commission of Radiological Protection has set the maximum permissible
level of occupational exposure at5 rem per year to the whole body.
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
Chemical hazards
There is hardly any industry which does not make use of chemicals. The
chemical hazards are on the increase with the introduction of newer and
10
complex chemicals. Chemical agents act in three ways: local action,
inhalation and ingestion. The ill-effects produced depend upon the
duration of exposure, the quantum of exposure and individual
susceptibility.
Local Action
Inhalation
Ingestion
Biological hazards
Workers may be exposed to infective and parasitic agents at the
place of work. The occupational diseases in this category are brucellosis,
leptospirosis, anthrax, hydatidosis, psittacosis, tetanus, encephalitis,
fungal infections, schistosomiasis and a host of others. Persons working
among animal products (e.g. hair, wool, hides) and agricultural workers are
specially exposed to biological hazard
Mechanical hazards
The mechanical hazards in industry centre round machinery,
protruding and moving parts and the like. About 10% of accidents in
industry are said to be due to mechanical causes.
Psychological hazards
The psychosocial hazards arise from the workers’ failure to adapt to
an alien psychosocial environment. Frustration, lack of job satisfaction,
11
insecurity, poor human relationships, and emotional tension is some of the
psychosocial factors which may undermine both physical and mental
health of the workers. The capacity to adapt to different working
environments is influenced by many factors such as education, cultural
background, family life, social habits and what the worker expects from
employment.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee
exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not
feasible or effective to reduce these risks to acceptable levels. PPE is
needed when there are hazards present. PPE has the serious limitation
that it does not eliminate the hazard at source and may result in
employees being exposed to the hazard if the equipment fails
Goggles:
12
These are tight-fitting eye protection that completely cover the eyes,
eye sockets and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes and
provide protection from impact, dust and splashes. Some goggles will fit
over corrective lenses.
Helmets:
Helmets are needed to protect head from injuries. Helmets are womb by
people working in mines. It is also used by people at sites where work is
going over head. This is to prevent head from flying or falling objects.
Helmets should be of light weight
Safety shoes:
Safety shoes have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant
soles that protect the feet against hot work surfaces common in roofing,
paving and hot metal industries. The metal insoles of some safety shoes
13
protect against puncture wounds. Safety shoes may also be designed to
be electrically conductive to prevent the buildup of static electricity in
areas with the potential for explosive atmospheres or nonconductive to
protect workers from workplace electrical hazards
Earmuffs:
Earmuffs require a perfect seal around the ear. Glasses,
facial hair, long hair or facial movements such as chewing may
reduce the protective value of earmuffs.
Face shields:
These transparent sheets of plastic extend from the eyebrows
to below the chin and across the entire width of the employee's head.
Some are polarized for glare protection. Face shields protect against
nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids
14
but will not provide adequate protection against impact hazards. Face
shields used in combination with goggles or safety spectacles will
provide additional protection against impact hazards.
Gloves:
Gloves are used for various purposes. The types of gloves
needed depend upon the nature of work. Gloves are used to protect
hand from cut, heat burn, chemical burn, electrical shocks etc; the
gloves should allow free movement of fingers and hand. It is dangerous
to wear gloves while working in a drilling machine, power press etc. the
gloves are made of cloths, rubbers, leather, asbestos etc,
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The project made an attempt to study the following:
To study the workers awareness about the safety measures.
To study the occupational health and safety of the employee in the
working environment.
15
To recognize the occupational hazards and types of work generally
associated with those hazards
To know the working atmosphere
To enhance the employees satisfaction level
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INSTRUCTIONS:
A structured and scientific way to solve the problem understudying main
purpose of research methodology .The research explain the means of
collecting the data, among area and study the determination of sample
size and statistical tool used to analyze the data in under to follow a
structure path of conducting the study
TITLE OF THE STUDY:
A case study on work environment and workers safety and
welfare in THAI HOMES at nanganallur
AREA OF STUDY:
The area of study covers THAI HOMES in : Nanganallur,
Puzhuthivakkam
16
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:
PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION
SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION
PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION
The primary data are those, which are collected a fresh and for
the first time and thus happen to be original in character. The research has
got the primary data through questionnaire surveys, personal interview,
telephone and etc, the data, which are collected are first hand data
through which the analysis and interpretation would be taken part.
Questionnaire:
Here the respondents are asked the question and required to
answer by choosing between a number of alternatives. The main
advantage of this type is that they are easy to complete and easy to
analyze. The research has adopted this type of survey.
Personal interview:
This method requires a person known as the interviewer, who
asks questions generally in a face-to-face contact to other person or
persons. This sort of interview may be in the form of direct personal
investigation or it may be an indirect oral investigation.
17
SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION
The secondary data on the other hand are those which have already been
collected by someone else and which have already been passed through
the statistical process. The researcher has to decide which sort of data he
would be using for his study and accordingly he will have to select on or
the other method of data collection. The researcher has collected the
secondary data from the company’s records, internet, previous project
reports etc.
SAMPLE SIZE:
The sample size is 60 employees are randomly selected for the
study from THAI HOMES at NANGANALLUR
CHAPTERISATION
This study has branched off in five chapters.
The First chapter deals with Introduction.
The Second chapter deals with the Company Profile.
The Third chapter deals with review of literature
18
The Fourth chapter deals with Analysis and Interpretation related to
the present study.
The Fifth chapter deals with Finding, Suggestion and Conclusion.
CHAPTER-2
19
CHAPTER-3
Review Of
20
literature
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK 1974
An Act to make further provision for securing the health, safety and
welfare of persons at work, for protecting others against risks to health or
safety in connection with the activities of persons at work, for controlling
the keeping and use and preventing the unlawful acquisition, possession
and use of dangerous substances, and for controlling certain emissions
into the atmosphere; to make further provision with respect to the
employment medical advisory service; to amend the law relating to
building regulations, and the Building (Scotland) Act 1959; and for
connected purposes.
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO):
21
“A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or illness or infirmity”
BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS:
The work environment is comprised of the physical location, equipment,
materials processed or used, and the activities of an employee while
engaged in the performance of his work, whether on or off the railroads
property. These are no executions of place or circumstance (FRA 2)
MISRA (1994):
The employee welfare and safety problem if sugar industry analysis was
based in the first hand data collected from the sugar factories of eastern
utter Pradesh. The study made through structured Questionnaire
conducted that the condition of work sugar factories of eastern region of
utter Pradesh were not satisfactory particularly in respect of safety
measure, cleanliness, sanitation, drinking water, shatter etc.,
ELY WOOD (1999):
Work environment includes some factors, which either contributes
positively or negatively to achieving maximum employee productivity. We
cannot measure the effectiveness of a job design without the knowledge of
the working environment in which the design is place it is part of total
picture. The factors which either contributes positively or negatively to
employee productivity are: temperature, humidity and airflow, noise,
22
lighting, employee personal aspects, contaminants and hazards in work
environment
BERNNER (2004):
Work environment designed to suit employee’s
satisfaction and free flow of exchange of ideas is a better medium of
motivating employees towards higher productivity; work environment
when appropriately designed motivates employees toward higher
productivity.
KOHUN (1992):
Work environment “as an entirely “which comprise the
totality of forces, action and other influential factors that are
currently and, or potentially contending with the employees
activities and performance. Work environment in which the
employees work.
23
CHAPTER-4
24
ANALYSISAND INTERPERTATION
GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.1
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERRCENTAGE (%)
MALE 52 86.67%
FEMALE 8 13.33%
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
25
This table 4.1 shows 86.67% respondents are Male.
Remaining 13.33% respondents are Female. Due to heavy work, female
workers are very less compared to male workers
GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.1
26
86.67%
13.33%
MALEFEMALE
AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.2
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
27
20 TO 30 40 66.67%
31 TO 40 14 23.33%
41 TO 50 6 10%
ABOVE 50 - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.2 shows 66.67 % response
of the employee under the age group of 20 to 30.23.33% of employees are
the age group of 31 to 40 .10% of the employees from the age of 41 to 50.
No employees are above 50 are not worked in the company. Generally 20-
30and 30-40 age groups of respondents are healthy and physically fit for
this work.
AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.2
28
20 TO 3031 TO 40
41 TO 50ABOVE 50
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00% 66.67%
23.33%
10.00%
0.00%
MARITAL STATUS WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.3
29
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
MARRIED 30 50%
UNMARRIED 30 50%
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.3 shows 50% of the
employees are both Married and Unmarried
MARITAL STATUS WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.3
30
50%50%MARRIEDUNMARRIED
EDUCATION WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE4.4
31
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
ILLITERATE 10 16.67%
up to SSLC 20 33.33%
up to HSC 18 30%
Under Graduate 8 13.33%
Post Graduate - -
Professional 4 6.67%
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
The table 4.4 shows 33.33% of educated up to
SSLC 30% of employees are educated up to H Sc 16.67 % of employees
are illiterate 13.33% of employees are educated to UG 6.67% of
employees are professional 0% employees are not up to Educated PG. Due
to lack of education 16.67%, and33.33% (Illiterate and up to SSLC)
respondents not suitable work fore official and managerial level.
EDUCATION WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.4
32
YEAR OF EXPERIENCE WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.5
33
ILLITERATE UPTO SSLC UPTO HSc UG PG PROFESSIONAL0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
16.67%
33.33%
30.00%
13.33%
0.00%
6.67%
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
BELOW 1 YEAR 6 10 %
2-5 years 22 33.67%
5-9 years 14 23.33 %
ABOVE 9 years 18 30 %
TOTAL 60 100 %
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.5 shows 36.67% of
employees working up to 2 to 5 years experience 30% of employees are
working above 9 years experience 23.33% of employees working in the
company 5 to 9 year experience and 10 % of employees are working below
1 year
YEAR OF EXPERIENCE WISE CLASSIFICATION
34
CHART 4.5
BELOW 1 YEAR 2 TO 5 5 TO 9 ABOVE 90%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
10.00%
36.67%
23.33%
30.00%
WORK LOAD WISE CLASSIFICATION
35
TABLE 4.6
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDANCNE
PERCENTAGE (%)
HEAVY - -
EXCESSIVE 2 3.33 %
NORMAL 58 96.67 %
TOTAL 60 100 %
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.6 shows 96.67% of
employees having Normal Work load, 3.33% of have Excessive work load
and none of the employees expressed they don’t have heavy work load.
WORK LOAD WISE CLASSIFICATION
36
CHART 4.6
3.33%
96.67%
HEAVYEXCESSIVENORMAL
INCOME WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.7
37
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
LESS THEN 10000 16 26.67%
10000-20000 36 60%
20000-30000 8 13.33%
30000-40000 - -
ABOVE 40000 - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.7 shows 60 % of the
employees earning 10000 to 20000 income, 26.67 % of employees earning
less than 10000, 13.33% of employees earning 20000 to 30000 income ,
none of the employees earn above 40000. Due to Constructor’s Union’s
policy they are getting 10000- 20000 per month.
INCOME WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.7
38
Less then 10000
10000 to 20000
20000 to 30000
30000 to 40000
Above 40000
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00%
27%
60%
13%
0%
0%
PAYMENT OF PACKAGE WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.8
39
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
HIGHLY SATISFIED - -
SATISFIED 58 96.67%
NEUTRAL 3.33%
DISSATISFIED - -
HIGHLY DISSATISFIED - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
The table 4.8 infers 96.67% of the employees are
Satisfied with the Payment provided by the company and 3.33% of the
employees are not satisfied with the payment.
PAYMENT OF PACKAGE WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.8
40
highly satisfied satisfied neutral dissatisfied highly dissatisfied0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0.00%
96.67%
3.33%0.00% 0.00%
KIND OF BENEFITS WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.9
41
PARTICULAR NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
PF - -
ESI - -
I NSURANCE - -
HRA - -
NOTHING 60 100%
ALL THE ABOVE - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.9 shows 100% of
employees are not getting any kind of benefits in their work condition.
Generally this work is not permanent basis. Workers are under the contract
and temporary here.
KIND OF BENEFITS WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.9
42
PF ESI Insurance HRA Nothing All the above0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 0% 0% 0%
100%
0%
PROPER VENTILATION WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.10
43
PARTICULAR NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
YES 60 100%
NO - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
The table 4.10 infers 100% of the employees are
having the proper ventilation during their work.
PROPER VENTILATION WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.10
44
FAVOURABLE TO WORK WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.11
45
Yes No0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100% 100%
0%
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
YES 60 100%
NO - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
The table shows 4.11 shows 100% of employees
revealed they are in are favorable to work.
FAVOURABLE TO WORK WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.11
46
YES
NO
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%100%
0%
COMFORTABLE TIME WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.12
PARTICULARS NO OF PERCENTAGE (%)
47
RESPONDENTS
DAY 60 100%
NIGHT - -
SHIFT BASE - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
The table shows 4.12 infer 100% of employees felt
the day shift is comfortable. Most of employees are worried about night
shiftso they feel comfortable in day shift.
COMFORTABLE TIME WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.12
48
DAYNIGHT
SHIFT BASE
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Series1
GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERIOR WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.13
49
PARTICULAR NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCEANTAGE (%)
YES 60 100%
NO - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
The above table 4.13 shows that 100% of the
employees having good relationship with their superior.
GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERIOR WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.13
50
YES NO0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
100%
0%
HARASSMENT WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.14
51
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
YES - -
NO 60 100%
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
The above table 4.14 shows that 100% of the
employees agreed that there is no harassment in their work place.
HARASSMENT WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.14
52
YES
NO
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
0%
100%
MANAGEMENT POLICY AND PRACTICES WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.15
53
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
YES 8 13.33%
NO 16 26.67%
SOMETIMES 34 56.67%
NOT AT ALL 2 3.33%
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.15 shows 56.67% of employees says that the
management policy and practices affect the work environment sometimes
and 26.67 % of the employee says that it does not affect and 13.33% of
the employees says yes it affects the work environment and 3.33% of
employees says it not at all affects the work environment.
MANAGEMENT POLICY AND PRACTICES WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.15
54
13.33%
26.67%
56.67%
3.33%
YES NO SOMETIMES NOT AT ALL
REASON FOR MOST OF THE ACCIDENT HAPPEN IN WORK PLACE
WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.16
55
PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
DUE TO NATURE OF
WORK
10 16.67%
DUE TO UNSAFEW
ACTIVITY OF WORK
10 16.67%
DUE TO LACK OF
AWARENESS
40 66.67%
DUE TO INEFFICIENCY - -
DUE TO DEFECTED
MACHINERY
- -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.16 shows 66.67% of
accident has happened by the lack of awareness and another 38% has
happened by the nature of work and unsafe condition.
REASON FOR MOST OF THE ACCIDENT HAPPEN IN WORK PLACE
WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.16
56
DUE TO NATU
RE OF W
ORK
DUE TO UNSA
FE ACTIV
ITY
DUE TO LA
CK OF AWAREN
ESS
DUE TO IN
EFFICIEN
CY
DUE TO DEFE
CTED M
ACHINERY
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
16.67%16.67%
66.67%
0.00% 0.00%
THE MEASURES TAKEN BY MANAGEMENT ON THE SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.17
57
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
WELL DEFINED
EQUIPEMENT
46 76.67%
PROPER POWER
SUPPLY
14 23.33%
PRECAUTIONS FOR
DANGEROUS
- -
IF ANY SPECIFY - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.17 shows that 76.67% of
the labours says that they have well defined equipment and 23.33% of the
labour says that they have proper power supply on safety precaution
measure taken by the management.
THE MEASURES TAKEN BY MANAGEMENT ON THE SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.17
58
WELL DEFINED EQUIPEMENT
PROPER POWER SUPPLY
PRECAUTIONS FOR DANGEROS
IF ANY SPECIFY0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
76.67%
23.33%
0.00% 0.00%
CREATING AWERRENESS TO THE EMPLOYESS ABOUT THE SAFETY
MEASURES
TABLE 4.18
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PARTICULAR NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
YES 60 100%
NO - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.18 shows the labour are getting 100% of
awareness about the safety measures from the management.
CREATING AWERRENESS TO THE EMPLOYESS ABOUT THE SAFETY
MEASURES
CHART 4.18
60
YES
NO
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
100%
0%
EMPLOYEE AWARENESS WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.19
61
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
TRAINING 24 40%
DEMONSTRATION 24 40%
GIVING INSTRUCTION 12 20%
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.19 shows 40% of employeeshave
agreed that they are having awareness both training and demonstration
and 20% of employees agreed that they have to get instruction of
employee awareness from their superior.
EMPLOYEE AWARENESS WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.19
62
40%
40%
20%
TRAINING DEMONSTRATION GIVING INSTRUCTION
MEASURE INSPECTIONS ARE GIVEN BY THE ORGANAISATION
TABLE 4.20
63
PARTICULAR NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
STRONGLY AGREE - -
AGREE 60 100%
DISAGREE - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.20 shows 100% of employees
are expressedstrongly agreed to measure inspections are given by the
organization.
MEASURE INSPECTIONS ARE GIVEN BY THE ORGANAISATION
CHART 4.20
64
STRONGLY AGREEAGREE
DISAGREE
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0%
100%
0%
SAFETY ARRANGMENTS WISE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.21
65
PARTICULAR NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
EXCELLENT 2 3.33%
GOOD 58 96.67%
FAIR - -
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.21 shows 96.67% of
employees expressed as good and 3.33% of employees expressed as
excellent in the safety arrangements of organization.
SAFETY ARRANGMENTS WISE CLASSIFICATION
CHART 4.21
66
EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
3.33%
96.67%
0.00%
COUNSELING TO REDUCE PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS WISE
CLASSIICATION
TABLE 4.22
67
PARTICULARS NO OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
YES - -
NO 60 100%
TOTAL 60 100%
INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.22 shows 100% of
employees says that the organization does not give any counseling to
reduce psychological hazards.
COUNSELING TO REDUCE PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS WISE
CLASSIICATION
CHART 4.22
68
69
YES NO0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0%
100%
CHAPTER-5
FINDINGS
AND
CONCLUSION
FINDINGS:
O 86.67% respondents are Male remaining 13.33% respondents are
Female. Due to heavy work like respondents are female workers are
very less compared male workers
O 66.67 % response of the employee under the age group of 20 to 30
23.33% of employees are the age group of 31 to 40 and 10% of the
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employees from the age of 41 to 50. No employees are above 50
are not worked in the company. Generally 20-30and 30-40 age
groups of respondents are healthy. But 41-50 age group of
respondents are in the middle age group
O 50% of the employees are both Married and Unmarried
O 33.33% of educated up to SSLC 30% of employees are educated up
to H Sc 16.67 % of employees are illiterate 13.33% of employees
are educated to UG 6.67% of employees are professional 0%
employees are not up to educated PG. Due to lack of education
16.67% ,33.33% (illiterate and up to sslc) respondents not able to
official and managerial work
O 36.67% of employees working up to 2 to 5 years experience 30% of
employees are working above 9 years experience 23.33% of
employees working in the company 5 to 9 year experience and 10
% of employees are working below 1 year
O 96.67% of employees having normal work load, 3.33% of have
excessive work load and none of the employees don’t have heavy
work load.
O 60 % of the employees earning 10000 to 20000 income, 26.67 % of
employees earning less than 10000, 13.33% of employees earning
20000 to 30000 income , none of the employees earn above 40000.
Due to construction union’s policy they are setting 10000- 20000
permanent.
71
O 96.67% of the employees are satisfied with the payment provided
by the company and 3.33% of the employees are not satisfied with
the payment.
O 100% of employees are not kind of benefits in their work condition.
Generally this is not permanent official work. Workers are under the
contract and temporary here.
O 100% of the employees are having the proper ventilation.
O 100% of employees are favorable to workO 100% of employees are feel the day shift is comfortable. Most of
employees are worried so they feel comfortable in day shift.
O 100% of the employees having good relationship their superior.
O 100% of the employees agree that there is no harassment.
O 56.67% of employees says that the management policy and
practices affect the work environment sometimes and 26.67 % of
the employee says that it does not affect and 13.33% of the
employees says yes it affects the work environment and 3.33% of
employees says it not at all affects the work environment.
O 66.67% of accident was happened by the lack of awareness and
another 38% has happened by the nature of work and unsafe
condition
O 76.67% of the labours say that they have well defined equipment
and 23.33% of the labour says that they have proper power supply
on safety precaution measure taken by the management.
72
O The labours are getting 100% of awareness about the safety
measures from the management.
O 40% of employees agree that both training and demonstration and
20% of employees are say giving instruction of employee awareness
O 100% of employees are strongly agree to measure inspections are
given by the organization.
O 96.67% of employees say good and 3.33% of employees say
excellent in the safety arrangements of organization.
O 100% of employees says that the organization does not give any
counseling to reduce psychological hazards.
SUGGESTIONS:
Health insurance and compensation to the employees should be
provided to the employees to keep them satisfied
More training and awareness to can be provided to the employees to
ensure safety and training.
Seek leave and other leaves should be provided to keep employees
satisfied.
73
Better pay provided based on skills of employee should be provided
to their satisfied.
CONCLUSION:
To conclude that employee welfare implies the services,
facilities and amenities provided to workers within or outside
the establishment for their physical, mental and social
wellbeing, housing, education, transportation and recreation
allowances are provided by the organization. .
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Proper physical, mental and social environment is essential for
efficient work performance.
A trade union is a voluntary and continuing association of
employees to protect and promote their interest, workers join
union to secure steady employment, economic benefit,
protection, sense of belonging, self expression, recognition and
status.
A STUDY ON WORK ENVIRONMENT AND LABOUR WELFARE IN
THAI HOMES AT NANGANALLUR - CHENNAI
1. Name of the employee:
2. Gender
75
a) Male b) female
3. Age of the employee:
a) 20 to 30 b) 31 to 40
c) 41 to 50 d) above 50
4. Marital status:
a) Married b) Unmarried
5. Educational qualification:
a) Illiterate / primary b) up to SSLC
c) Upto H Sc d) UG e) PG
f) Professional
6. Designation / Nature of job:
7. Year of experience?
a) Below 1 year b) 2 to 5
c) 5 to 9 d) above 9
8. Your work load is?
a) Heavy b) Excessive
76
c) Normal
9. Level of income
a) Less than 10000 b) 10000 to 20000
c) 20000 to 30000 d) 30000 to 40000
d) Above 40000
10. What is your satisfaction level regarding pay package?
a) Highly satisfied b) Satisfied
c) Neutral d) Dissatisfied
e) Highly dissatisfied
11. What kind of benefits is provided by the company?
a) PF b) ESI
c) Insurance d) HRA
e) Nothing f) all the above
12. Whether the firm has proper ventilation facilities?
a) Yes b) No
77
13. Is your working environment is favorable to work?
a) Yes b) No
14. Which is your comfortable time to work?
a) Day b) Night c) shift base
15. Are you having good relationship with your superiors?
a) Yes b) No
16. If there any harassment from your superiors?
a) Yes b) No
17. Does the management policy and practices affect the work
environment?
a) Yes b) No c) Sometimes d) Not at all
18. What is the main reason for most of the accident happen in your work
place?
a) Due to nature of work satisfaction
b) Due to unsafe activities of working
c) Due to lack of awareness
78
d) Due to inefficiency
e) Due to defected machinery / equipment
19. What is the measure taken?
a) Well defined equipment b) Proper power supply
c) Precautions for dangerous d) if any specify
20. Whether the company creating awareness to employees about the
safety measures?
a) Yes b) No
21. In what way the employee awareness is created?
a) Training b) Demonstration c) Giving instruction
22. Do you agree the safety measure inspections are given by the
organization?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree
23. What is your satisfaction level on your company’s satisfy
arrangements?
a) Excellent b) Good c) Fair
79
24. If yes, does the trade union take any step to remove the hazards in
your work place?
a) Yes b) No
25. If your organization provide counseling to reduce psychological
hazards?
a) Yes b) No
26. Give your suggestion to improve the employee’s welfare scheme
ANNEXURES
80
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:
IMPORTANT WEBSITES:
O www.wikipedia.com
O www.investopedia.com
O www.Answers.com
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