37
Terence P. Holman, Ph.D., P.E. and Richard Marshall, CHST June 15, 2017 Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling Rigs – Engineering for Safety

Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Terence P. Holman, Ph.D., P.E. and Richard Marshall, CHSTJune 15, 2017

Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling Rigs – Engineering for Safety

Page 2: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Topic Outline

• General Introduction to Working Platforms and Issues• Applicable Codes, Statutes, and Standards• Geotechnical Engineering and Site Preparation Issues• Contractual Language and Team Obligations

Page 3: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Safe Working Platforms for Specialty Equipment• Safety – A safe site is easier to manage. There are fewer opportunities for 

working areas to be unsafe. The piling crews work safer. A reduction in the possibility of an accident will have a positive effect on your Workers Compensation statistics.

• Quality – by installing the pile correctly the first time, we save time and cost of unplanned rework and we can start to develop the ‘get it right first time’ theme. 

• Production – if you have taken proactive steps to have a safe site producing a quality product you will achieve your production targets.

• Risk of Failure – The cost of a rig going over is incalculable. The list starts with accidents and injuries and possible fatalities, work being stopped, loss of equipment, employing lawyers, being sued, physical and mental stress for everyone involved, negative publicity, possible prison sentences.

Page 4: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

General Introduction to Working Platforms and Issues

Page 5: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Working Platforms ‐

The Problem

Every year, piling rigs, rotary drill rigs, and cranes fall over or are subject to near misses due to inadequately prepared or maintained site surfaces – all such incidents involve potential fatalities or serious injury to operators, ground crews, and typically cause extensive damage to equipment.

Page 6: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

A working platform is the foundation for a drilling or piling rig that may weigh anything from 5 tons to 375 tons and all of the ancillary equipment that may be used on the platform to service the rig.

Modern equipment is becoming increasingly heavy, often with higher centers of gravity, to cater for the demand for deeper and larger diameter foundations to take higher load capacities, combined with the need for more environmentally  friendly installation techniques

What is a Working Platform ? 

Page 7: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Drill Rig Stability – Fundamental MechanicsMachine’s Center of Gravity

Machine’s Center of Gravity

Tipping Axis

Tipping AxisThe closer the rig’s center of gravity is to the tipping axis, the less stable the rig becomes.  By necessity, this system must include the dead weight of tooling (out in front of the rig) and other forces such as pullback forces.

Drilling Forces

Drilling Forces

Page 8: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Drill Rig Stability – Tramming/Transit 

Tipping AxisTipping Axis

The red arrows represent the force of gravity on the drill rig.  

When tramming down a slope, the weight is further away from the tipping axis, which increases the risk of an overturn. 

Page 9: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

It should be everyone’s aim to minimise accidents on construction sites and to prevent any injuries to personnel and the possible long term implications of such injuries.

Delays to projects caused by accidents to skilled operators and the downtime while equipment is being repaired are likely to be extensive. 

Page 10: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

There is sometimes a lack of understanding with project management and supervisory staff regarding the importance of preparing a safe working platform capable of supporting the equipment to be used, and disagreement as to whose responsibility it is to design, prepare and maintain such a platform throughout the course of the project.

Page 11: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Ground Conditions

You must have a level, stable work platform to operate from. . . period

Page 12: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

New pile driving rig sinking due to poorly compacted platform

Page 13: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Ground ConditionsThe deep foundation contractor must know the ground bearing pressures and distributions their rig(s) or mobile cranes will generate in the configuration they will be used.

This information may be supplied in the operators manual or by calling the manufacturer.  It’s their responsibility to know this information, and only work from a stable, level platform that will support the rig or crane.

Page 14: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Codes, Statutes, and Standards

Page 15: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Fatal Accident in Toronto ‐ 2011

In this terrifying accident, a young backhoe operator was killed when the large, heavy, high center of gravity drill rig trammed into a soft area of the site.  The rig immediately went out of level, and toppled over – without any means for the operator to stop it from happening.

Page 16: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Working Platforms

ONTARIO REGULATION 213/91CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSROTARY FOUNDATION DRILL RIGS

Effective July 1, 2016(Excerpted Highlights)

156.3 Sections 156.4 and 156.5 apply when a drilling operation at a project uses a rotary foundation drill rig that can exert a ground pressure of 200 kilopascals or more under its tires, crawlers or outrigger pads in any configuration, including during its operational activities. 

Page 17: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Working Platforms

156.4 (1) Before a drilling operation described in section 156.3 begins, a professional engineer shall,(a) design a supporting surface for the drill rig in accordance with good engineering practice to adequately support the drill rig during all drilling and drill rig set‐up activities;(b) designate and design a path of travel for the drill rig to use on the project to ensure the path of travel safely supports the drill rig; and(c) prepare a written report described in subsection (2). O. Reg. 345/15, s. 19.

Page 18: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Working Platforms

• 156.5 (1) Before a drilling operation described in section 156.3 begins, the employer responsible for it shall,

• (a) develop a drilling procedure for the drill rig in accordance with subsection (2) and have it approved by a professional engineer; and

• (b) have a copy of the drilling procedure provided to, and reviewed with, the workers engaged in the drilling operation. 

Page 19: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Working Platforms

(3) While a rotary foundation drill rig is in service at a drilling operation described in section 156.3, the employer responsible for the drilling operation shall ensure that,(a) the drilling procedure described in subsection (2) is implemented; and(b) the drilling procedure is followed by the workers engaged in, and in the vicinity of, the drilling operation.

Page 20: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

The SolutionIn Europe and Australia, members of the Piling Federation created a Working Platform Certificate to be prepared for ALL platforms that piling rigs are required to work from.  This may involve multiple certificates on some projects such as bridge sites.

The Certificate confirms that the working platform has been properly designed and constructed in accordance with the design, and that it will be adequately maintained to ensure that the platform integrity.

The Certificate requires the signature of the Principal or Main Contractor on the project and must be handed to the Piling Contractor before piling or other foundation work commences on the site.

Page 21: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Working Platform Certificate• The use of some form of Certificate is a way of increasing the awareness of working platform safety and the importance of maintaining the platform in good condition throughout the course of the contract.

• The Federation of Piling Specialists in the UK introduced the Working Platform Certificate and the system is now in extensive use throughout the UK.  It has proved to be a highly effective way of overcoming the problems that existed prior to its introduction.

• Reported incidents have decreased significantly.

• The Certificate does not state who should carry out the design work but the members of the Federation strongly recommend that qualified geotechnical engineers (i.e. third party) be engaged to undertake the work.

Page 22: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Ground Conditions

A10.236.1 The project constructor shall:

6.2 Ensure that drilled shaft equipment not be assembled or used unless the ground conditions on which they are moved or placed are firm, drained (except for marshes/wetlands) and graded to the extent that the equipment manufacturer’s specifications for adequate support and degree of level are met.

Page 23: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Geotechnical Engineering and Site Preparation Issues

Page 24: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Geotechnical Elements of Working Platforms

Stable uniform pressure distribution

Stable trapezoidal pressure distribution

Unstable triangular pressure distribution

Page 25: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Geotechnical Elements of Working Platforms

FL

RL

FR

RR

FL

RL

FR

RR

FL

RL

FR

RR

Drill Rig Stability‐Bearing Pressures Vary with Rotation about Pin

Page 26: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Geotechnical Elements of Working Platforms• Problematic Subsurface Conditions

PIPE

DRILL TOOL AXIS AND LOAD

WORKING PLATFORM AGGREGATE

SOFT TO FIRM FINE‐GRAINED SOILS

STIFF OR DENSE SOIL

3 to 5 ksf Track Bearing Pressures

Page 27: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Geotechnical Elements of Working Platforms• Bearing Capacity (actually matters for once)

• Local shear and punching shear controlOkamura et al (1998) Meyerhof (1974) and Meyerhof and Hanna (1978) 

Page 28: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Ground Conditions –Piling RigsThis is an example of a well constructed and maintained working platform – in this case for a dedicated drill rig to operate from.

Page 29: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

This is the beginning of a safe and productive working platform for a heavy rotary foundation drilling rig or mobile crane to operate from.

Page 30: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Design Options for Subgrade Stabilization

• Design of Undercutting and Replacement

• What thickness of dense granular soil or aggregate is needed?

• Empirical methods for more stable situations (e.g. 2 ft, etc.)

• Quantitative methods for less favorable situations (i.e. bearing capacity)

• Do I need geosynthetics (GG or GT) for tensile reinforcement?

• Potential reduction in Hu• Possibly needed for BC stability

WORKING PLATFORM AGGREGATE

SOFT TO FIRM FINE‐GRAINED SOILS

STIFF OR DENSE SOIL

3 to 5 ksf Track Bearing Pressures

Hu

GG or GT

Tmob

Page 31: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Design Options for Subgrade Stabilization• Design of Crane Matting

• Timber and steel mats are “flexible” and have defined structural properties and capability to handle shear and bending

• Objective is to control load distribution to the subgrade, but flexible nature needs to be understood

• Reference Duerr, D. (2015). Mobile Support Crane Handbook

Typical Cantilevered Mats Double Mats, Perpendicular Single Mat

Page 32: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Contractual Issues

• Who owns the Site and subsurface conditions?• Who owns the responsibility for the Working Platform?  It’s a temporary construction measure but critical for site safety…

• Who owns the responsibility for maintaining the Working Platform?• What are the roles and responsibilities of the Specialty Contractor, General Contractor, project Foundation Engineer, and the inspecting Geotechnical or Foundation Engineer?

Page 33: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Contractual Issues• Evolving proposal and contractual language from Specialty Contractors

• General consensus within ADSC is that Owners and CMs should be responsible for cost of constructing and maintaining adequate platforms – it’s an overall site prep and safety issue

• Specialty Contractors must provide complete and accurate details of the drilling and support equipment to be used on the project including the bearing pressures, dimensions and working space required to operate safely.

ACCESS & UTILITIES: A firm, level and dry drill pad of ____ feet by ____ feet must be provided at each drilled shaft

location.  A work trestle shall be constructed (by others) at all shaft locations that is capable of

withstanding the weight and reaction force of the drilling and oscillator equipment. __ each reaction piles must be driven at each shaft location for the oscillator to sit on with the capacity to withstand reaction forces during extraction. The reaction piles must be tied back into the main trestle. The trestle and finger(s) must withstand the reaction forces of the oscillator. The reaction forces have been supplied on a separate attachment within this proposal. A minimum ___ ton crane shall be used at each shaft location. The dimensions of the dig crane and oscillator have been attached separately within this proposal along with other pertinent info pertaining to trestle design. Work trestle must be of sufficient size to provide unimpeded access for MDCI’s operations at all times. The trestle must allow for two cranes to be working on the finger / main trestle at the same time.

A minimum finger and main trestle width of 40’ is required with enough space for equipment to safely maneuver from main trestle onto each finger.

TECHNICAL:

The trestle must be constructed so as that it will not deflect more than __ inches in any direction while the drilled shafts are being installed.

SPECIFIC EXCLUSIONS: While the attached Standard Conditions (Rev. 04/15) apply to this project, we wish to specifically emphasize the following exclusions:

Safe access/egress including dry, level, firm, work platform for the entire site is required to be provided by others, including all-weather benches and ramps.

Site Access Prepare and maintain clear, well drained, stable, uninterrupted access ways suitable for equipment moving under its own power without sinking or rutting for the duration of the project.  Access includes adequate ramps at suitable levels. Access must be available at the time and to the extent necessary to meet scheduled operations.  OSHA 1926.1402 applies to the access ways and ramps for our equipment and Purchaser is the “controlling entity”.   Our rig with tools weighs ____ pounds and exerts a ground pressure of ___ pounds per square foot while moving over a track width of ___ feet. The maximum slope of the access ramp must be equal to or less than  __ degrees (___ percent) along the longitudinal axis of the drill equal to or less than  ____ degrees (____ percent) along the transverse axis of the drill.  Access ramps must be at least 2 foot above ground water. 

Working Platform ‐ Prepare and maintain a clear, well drained, stable, level and uninterrupted working platform suitable for equipment moving under its own power without sinking or rutting for the duration of the project.  OSHA 1926.1402 applies to the work platform for our equipment and Purchaser is the “controlling entity”.   Our rig with tools weighs ____ pounds and exerts a ground pressure of ___ pounds per square foot during operation over a track width of ___ feet. The maximum slope of the working surface is __ degrees (___ percent) after the mast is erected.  Working platforms must be at least 2 foot above ground water.

Page 34: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

ContactsRick MarshallDirector of SafetyADSC: The International

Association of Foundation Drilling

Parkway Tower8445 Freeport Parkway, Suite 325Irving, TX 75063Office: 469.359.6000Cell: 513.609.1010(www.adsc-iafd.com)

Terence P. Holman, PhD, PEChief Geotechnical EngineerTurner Construction Co. and Board

of Directors Member for ADSC: The International Association of Foundation Drilling

55 E. Monroe St., Suite 1430Chicago, IL 60603Office: 312.327.2882(www.adsc-iafd.com)

Page 35: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Ground Conditions

If you go to the ADSC website, there is a link to a short video.  This video offers a re‐creation of an actual fatal accident – a result of a poor working platform. 

Page 36: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Reference Material to AssistThe FPS in the UK in conjunction with the Building Research Establishment (BRE) have produced a good practice guide to the design,  Installation ,maintenance and repair of ground  Supported working platforms entitled “Working  Platforms for Tracked Plant”.

In addition the Piling Federation have posted on their web site the following discussion papers from the UK documentation:

• Working Platform Design Sensitivity

• Calculation of Track Bearing Pressures for Platform design

• Rig Loading Spreadsheet

• Guide to Hydraulically Bound Working Platforms

There are links to this document and other related information on the ADSC website 

under the Safety & Updates button

Page 37: Working for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling –Engineering ... · Working Platforms for Large Rotary Foundation Drilling ... A working platform is the foundation for a drilling

Working Platforms

The FPS – Federation of Piling Specialists has developed a “Working 

Platform Guidance” section which includes a ground 

pressure calculator for piling rigs

http://www.fps.org.uk/