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Workshop 1 Grammar
The Simple Sentence
Subject+Predicate+Complete Thought
=simple sentence
oA simple sentence is also called an independent clause.
Find the subject and the predicate
The frog is an amphibian. Amphibians live on land and in water. Other amphibians are toads and
salamanders. A salamander can regrow a lost tail or
leg. Strong hind legs make frogs excellent
jumpers.
Independent Clauses
An independent clause contains a subject, verb, and makes sense when it stands by itself.
o The child’s endless crying is very disturbing to her parents.
o Colds, flu, and other respiratory infections happen frequently in the winter and cause absences from work.
o James got a cup of coffee and turned on his computer.
Are you getting it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdUXxdmhIsw
Just checking…
The Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is made up of two ormore simple sentences (independent
clauses) joined by one of the following:
o A comma and a coordinating conjunctiono A semicolon
Coordinating Conjunctions
Remember the coordinating conjunctions by the acronym:
FANBOYSF forA andN nor B but O orY yet S so
Examples of Compound Sentences
o A comma and a coordinating conjunction:I like to study grammar, and I love this
class.o A semicolon:
I like to study grammar; I love this class.
Without a comma and coordinating conjunction or a semicolon, it would be a run on.
Compound Sentences
The sun is just a star but it is the center of our solar system
Nine planets orbit the sun the sun revolves around the Milky Way.
Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days and this determines the length of a year.
Now, let’s review
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pDSjOcFM3U
Wasn’t that FUN??
The Complex Sentence
o A complex sentence is a complete thought (independent clause) to which an incomplete thought (dependent clause) has been added.
o A subordinating conjunction joins the dependent clause to the independent clause.
o Because I like to study grammar, I love this class.
o I love this class because I like to study grammar.
The dependent clause needs the rest of the sentence for support.
Because you love me, I love you.
Dependent clause
Independent clause
Complex Sentence
•A dependent clause contains a subject and verb.
•It does not express a complete thought because it begins with a subordinating conjunction.
•A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.
•A dependent clause is a FRAGMENT!
Because you love me.
Fragment!
Dependent Clause
Common Subordinating (Dependent) Conjunctions See Foundations First, p. 187
after even if now that that where
although even though
once though whereas
as if rather than unless wherever
as if whenever since until whether
because in orderthat
so that when which
before than in case while
Dependent Clauses
A dependent clause contains a subject(s) andverb(s), but it does not make sense when it stands by itself because it begins with a
subordinating conjunction that joins it to an independent clause.
o Because she has had a terrible cold all week o When I got to the office and checked my email
this morningo After Maria and Hector waited for an hour in
the doctor’s office
Punctuation for Complex Sentences
Commas are used to join a dependent clause toan independent clause if the dependent clausecomes first in the sentence. The comma must follow the dependent clause.
As I walked down the hallway , I could hear the echo of my footsteps.
Punctuation for Complex Sentences
No comma is used when the dependent clause comes after the independent clause. Then, the clauses are joined without any punctuation.
I could hear the echo of my footsteps as I walked down the hallway.
Punctuation for Complex Sentences
Since dependent clauses are only part of a sentence, you can never use a semicolon to connect them to another sentence. Semicolons are only used between complete sentences.
o I have loved you for years ; although I never admitted it.
o I have loved you for years although I never admitted it.
OK
No!
Hooray! Time for another review.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9zYa8oHi78
Maybe not as fun as the Beibs, but still some fun!
The Compound-Complex Sentence
o A compound-complex sentence is the last and most complicated type of sentence.
o It contains at least one dependent clause
and at least two independent clauses.
A dependent clause added to two or more independent clauses.
Because we are a family,
I love you, and you love me.
Independent clauses
Dependent clause
Compound-Complex Sentence
Practice… To watch Carlee dribbling a basketball in the
driveway, neighbors would stop their cars in the street when she was just two years old.
To watch Carlee dribbling a basketball in the driveway when she was just two years old, neighbors would stop their cars in the street.
When Carlee was just two years old, neighbors would stop their cars in the street to watch her dribbling a basketball in the driveway.
Neighbors would stop their cars in the street to watch Carlee in the driveway when she was just two yers old, dribbling a basketball
Practice…
Would her disability get in the way of her passion!
Would her disability get in the way of her passion:
Would her disability get in the way of her passion?
Would her disability get in the way of her passion.
Here’s another one She fell in love instantly, the fast pace of the game was
exciting. And she enjoyed the challenge of dribbling, passing, and shooting while trying to control a wheelchair.
She fell in love instantly. The fast pace of the game was exciting, and she enjoyed the challenge of dribbling, passing and shooting while trying to control a wheelchair.
She fell in love instantly, the fast pace of the game was exciting. She enjoyed the challenge of dribbling, passing, and shooting while trying to control a wheelchair.
She fell in love instantly, the fast pace of the game was exciting, and she enjoyed the challenge of dribbling, passing and shooting while trying to control a wheelchair.
One more
At the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing, she did it again?
At the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing, she did it again,
At the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing, she did it again!
At the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing, she did it again
You are on a roll… When she was only 17 years old, Carlee made the
U.S. Paralympic Women’s Wheelchair Basketball team.
When she was only 17 years old. Carlee made the U.S. Paralympic Women’s Wheelchair Basketball team.
When she was only 17 years old, making the U.S. Paralympic Women’s Wheelchair Basketball team.
When she was only 17 years old, made the U.S. Paralympic Women’s Wheelchair Basketball team.
Maybe it’s just luck? Try again.
The Paralympic Games, being the Olympic games for people with disabilities.
The Paralympic Games are the Olympic games for people with disabilities.
The Paralympic Games. The Olympic games for people with disabilities.
The Paralympic Games, the Olympics games for people with disabilities.
OK – last one… When she went to compete on her team, Carless was by
far the youngest player in the Paralympic Games in Greece in 2004.
Carlee was by far the youngest player when she went to compete in the 2004 summer Paralympic Games in Greece with her team.
Carlee, when she went to compete in the 2004 Paralympic Games, was by far the youngest player on her team.
Carlee was by far the youngest player on her team when she went to compete in the 2004 Paralympic Games in Greece.
OOPS, I lied THIS is the last one… In the Middle East, where wars have left many people
without their legs, Carlee has now decided to organize wheelchair basketball.
Where wars have left many people without their legs, now Carlee has decided to organize wheelchair basketball in the Middle East.
Now Carlee has decided to organize wheelchair basketball in the Middle East, where wars have left many people without their legs.
Now Carlee has decided in the Middle East to organize wheelchair basketball, where wars have left many people without their legs.
Simple Compound
Complex Compound-complex
Since every sentence in English fits into one of these four categories,
