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| 1 world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 | mpc
Table ofContents
About the ReportReport HighlightsCompetitiveness Performance World AsiaPacificCountries AseanCountries5-Year PerformanceCompetitiveness LandscapeChallenges in 2017Performance by Peer GroupPerformance by Factors & Sub-Factors EconomicPerformance GovernmentEfficiency BusinessEfficiency InfrastructureAccelerating ImplementationMethodology of Computing the Rankings Learning From OthersCompetitiveness MarathonAppendices
457
1011121415
4041424546
PAGES
For more info log in to :www.imd.org
mpc | world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 2 | | 3 world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 | mpc
About the Report Report
Highlights
The World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY)2017releasedbytheInstituteforManagement
Development (IMD), Lausanne, Switzerland placedMalaysia at 24th position out of 63 countriescompared to 19th out of 61 countries last year.Malaysia remains in the top 25 most competitivecountries despite considerable external anddomesticheadwinds.
HongKonghasconsolidated itsdominanceof theannualrankingsbytheIMDWorldCompetitivenessCenter, taking the top spot for the second year.Switzerland and Singapore came in second andthird,withtheUSArankingfourth,itslowestpositionin five years and down from third last year. TheNetherlands completed the top five, jumping upfromeight lastyear.ProfessorArturoBris,Directorof the IMDWorldCompetitivenessCenter,said theindicatorsthatstoodoutamongthemostimprovedcountries are related to government and businessefficiency aswell as productivity. These countrieshave maintained a business-friendly environmentthatencouragesopennessandproductivity.China’simprovementofsevenplacesto18thcanbetracedtoitsdedicationtointernationaltrade.Thiscontinuesto drive the economy and the improvement ingovernmentandbusinessefficiency.
Malaysia,at24thposition,wasovertakenbyFinlandat15th(2016:20th),ChinaMainland,18th(2016:25th),Iceland, 20th, (2016: 23rd), Israel, 22nd, (2016: 21st),andBelgiumat23rd (2016:22nd)CyprusandSaudiArabiaaremakingtheirfirstappearancethisyear.
The WCY 2017 ranks nations based on itscompetitivenessindexthrough:i. 4inputfactors;ii. 20 sub-factors (5 sub-factors in each input
factor);iii. 346criteria;(RankedCriteria:261=143harddata
+118surveydata;85backgroundinformation);and
iv. 63countries
The WCY 2017 also presents competitivenessrankinginfourcategories:i. Global(overall);ii. Bysize (Populationsexceeding20million; and
populationslessthan20million);iii. Bywealth(GDPpercapitagreaterthanUS$20,000
andGDPpercapitalessthanUS$20,000);andiv. By regions (Europe-Middle-East-Africa, Asia-
Pacific,andTheAmericas).
Among32countrieswithGDPpercapitalessthanUS$20,000,Malaysiaisplacedat2ndpositionwhilein the category of populations greater than 20million,Malaysiaisranked8th(2016:7th)among29countries. WithintheAsia-Pacificregion,Malaysiais ranked 7th (2016: 6th) and remained 2nd in theASEANregion.
Atthefactorlevel,Malaysiaranks13thinEconomicPerformance(2016:11th),GovernmentEfficiencyat25th (2016:18th),BusinessEfficiencyat19th (2016:14th)andInfrastructureat32nd(2016:31st).
mpc | world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 4 | | 5 world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 | mpc
Thedynamicandchallengingexternalenvironmentin 2016 such as uncertainties surrounding themonetarypolicypathof theUS, sharpmovementsin global commodity prices and the uncertaintrajectoryofglobalgrowthhaveadverselyaffectedMalaysia’s competitiveness. This is reflected inseveral indicators whereMalaysia isplacedatthe50thpositionandbelow:
Nevertheless, Malaysia’s continued economic andfinancial resilience have provided the support towithstand external shocks and prevents Malaysiafrom experiencing a more significant decline inperformance.ItisnoteworthytoacknowledgethatMalaysiaattainedtop10positions inthefollowingindicators:
IndicatorNoRank
(n=63) Value
Start - Up Days (number of days to start a business)
Energy Intensity (total energy consumed for each 1000 US$ of GDP in MTOE)
Exchange Rate Stability (parity change from national currency to SDR, 2016/2014
Part - Time Employment (% of total employment)
Renewable Energies (%) (share of renewables in total energy requirements, %)
Start - Up Procedures (number of procedures to start a business)
Redundancy costs (Number of weeks of salary)
Females in Parliament (% of total seats in parliament)
Female Labor Force (% of total labor force)
Interest Payment (% of current revenue)
Gini coefficient (Equal distribution of income scale : 0 (absolute equality) to 100 (absolute inequality)
Illiteracy % (adult (over 15 years) Illiteracy rate as a percentage of population)
Portfolio Investment Liabilities (US$ billions)
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP )
Exports of Commercial Services - Growth (% change based on US$ values)
501
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
50
51
52
52
53
53
53
53
55
55
55
56
59
60
18.5
158
0.161
4.1
3.4
8.5
22.8
13.24
38.56
12.53
46.26
5.4
-4.96
4.2
-16.96
IndicatorNoRank
(n=63) Value
Gasoline Prices (premium unleaded gasoline (95 Ron) US$ per litre )
High - Tech Exports (% of manufactured exports)
Long-Term Unemployment (% of labor force)
Companies are very good at using big data and analytics to support decision-making
Science Degrees (% of total first university degrees in science and engineering)
Unemployment Rate (% of labor force)
Overall Productivity-Real Growth (Estimates:% change of real GDP per person employed)
Companies are very good at responding quickly to opportunities and threats
Consumption tax rate (Standard rate of VAT/GST)
Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP)
Real GDP growth (% change, based on national currency in constant prices)
Public and private sector ventures are supporting technological development
Companies are generally extremely aware of changing market conditions
Exports of Goods (% of GDP)
Collected Total Tax Revenues (% of GDP)
Venture Capital is easily available for business
Digital transformation in companies is generally well understood
41
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
10
10
10
10
0.42
42.80
0.20
6.26
42.48
3.40
3.53
6.73
6.00
134.32
4.2
6.94
7.09
63.91
14.30
6.22
6.91
Selected Indicators in the 5Oth Position and Above
Selected Indicators in the Top 10
WorldCompetitivenessPerformance
COUNTRIES COUNTRIES2017 2017
Hong Kong
SwitzerlandSingapore
USANetherlandsIrelandDenmarkLuxembourg
SwedenUAENorway
CanadaGermany
TaiwanFinlandNew ZealandQatarChina MainlandUnited Kingdom
IcelandAustraliaIsrael BelgiumMalaysia
AustriaJapan
ThailandCzech Republic
KoreaEstoniaFrance
RANK12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
VALUE100.0099.6699.4998.6696.5595.7995.5695.0694.9694.0893.0792.2591.5990.4888.8988.6788.1087.7686.7886.4085.2585.1083.9183.5383.3382.2780.1078.9678.6577.7677.68
RANK VALUE
KazakhstanLithuaniaSpainChile
Saudi ArabiaCyprus
PolandPortugal
LatviaPhilippines
IndonesiaSloveniaItaly
IndiaRussiaTurkey
MexicoBulgaria
RomaniaSlovak RepublicHungary
South AfricaColombiaPeruJordanGreeceArgentina
CroatiaUkraineBrazilMongolia
Venezuela
3233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263
76.3475.6274.8474.4874.3373.7773.7272.1771.8571.8071.1270.7570.5469.7068.8568.1867.3065.7364.7464.7364.4262.3261.7960.9857.9657.7657.6556.5256.1355.8248.1432.74
ALASKA (USA)
CANADA
GREENLAND(DENMARK)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AUSTRALIA
INDONESIA
CHINA
KAZKAHSTAN
INDIA
RUSSIA
MONGOLIA
ADAMAND NICOBAR
ISLANDS (INDIA)
SRILANKA
PHILIPPINES
JAPANNORTHKOREA
SOUTHKOREA
GUAM
MEXICO THE BAHAMAS
CUBA
JAMAICAHAITI
VENEZUELA
COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
PERU
PARAGUAY
CHILE
ARGENTINA
URUGUAY
FALKLANDISLANDS (UK)
ICELAND
SVALBARD(NORWAY)
NORWAY
SWEDENFINLAND
ESTONIA
LATVIALITHUANIA
BELARUSPOLAND
GERMANY
FRANCE
SPAIN ITALY
IRELAND UNITEDKINGDOM
PORTUGAL
DENMARK
NETHERLANDS
BELGIUMLUXEMBOURG
LIECHTENSTEIN
SWITZERLANDAUSTRIA
SLOVENIA
CROATIA
SERBIA
MACEDONIA
ALBANIA
MONTENEGRO BULGARIA
ROMANIA
MOLDOVASLOVAKIA
CZECHREPUBLIC UKRAINE
GREECE TURKEY
IRAQ IRAN
BOSNIAAND
HERZEGOVINA
HUNGARY
FAROEISLANDS
AZORES(PORTUGAL)
MADEIRA ISLANDS(PORTUGAL)
CAPEVERDE
BURKINAFASO
CENTRALAFRICAN
REPUBLIC
EQUATORIALGUINEA
BIOKO (EQUATORIALGUINEA)
CABINDA(ANGOLA)
SAOTOME DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLICOF THE CONGO
MALAWI
LESOTHO
SWAZILAND
COMOROS
MAURITUS
FRENCH SOUTHERN AND ANTARTIC LANDS (FRANCE)
HEARD ISLAND(AUSTRALIA)
REUNION(FRANCE)
MAYOTTE(FRANCE)
PAPUANEW
GUINEA
SOLOMONISLANDS
VANUATU
NEW CALEDONIA(FRANCE)
NEWZELAND
FIJI
CÔTED’IVOIRE
WESTERNSHARAH
THE GAMBIA
SIERRA LEONE
GUINEA-BISSAU
SENEGAL
MALI
LIBYAALGERIAEGYPT
MAURITANIA
MOROCCOTUNISIA
MALTA
LIBERIA
GUINEA
NIGERIA
NIGERCHAD
SUDANERITREA YEMEN
OMAN
QATAR
SYRIACYPRUS
LEBANON
ARMENIAAZERBAIJAN
TURKMENISTAN
AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
KASHMIR
BHUTANNEPAL
BANGLADESH
MYANMAR(BURMA)
LAOS
THAILAND
TAIWAN
MALAYSIA
VIETNAM
CAMBODIA
UZBEKISTAN
ISRAEL
JORDAN
KUWAIT
UNITEDARAB
EMIRATES
SAUDIARABIA
UGANDA
ETHIOPIA
SOMALIA
DJIBOUTI
SEYCHELLES
RWANDA
BURUNDI
KENYA
TANZANIA
CAMEROON
CONGO
SOUT SUDAN
GABON
ANGOLA
BOTSWANA
ZIMBAWEMOZAMBIQUE
MADAGASCARNAMIBIA
SOUTHAFRICA
ZAMBIA
GHANA
TOGO
BENIN
CANARY ISLANDS(PORTUGAL)
SOUTHGEORGIA (UK)
BOLIVIA
BRAZIL
FRENCHGUIANA
SURINAME
GUYANAPANAMA
COSTA RICA
NICARAGUA
HONDURAS
EL SALVADOR
BELIZE
GUATEMALA
DOMINICANREPUBLIC PUERTO
RICO (USA) SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
MONSERRATGUADELOUPEDOMINICA
MARTINIQUE
SAINT VICENT BARBADOS
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
GEORGIA
mpc | world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 6 | | 7 world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 | mpc
CompetitivenessPerformanceAmongASIA PACIFIC COUNTRIES
Hong Kong
1 1Rank
Value
2017 2016
100.00
st st
100.00
Singapore
2 2Rank
Value
2017 2016
99.49
nd nd
97.65
Taiwan
3 3Rank
Value
2017 2016
90.48
rd rd
86.37
New Zealand
4 4Rank
Value
2017 2016
88.67
th th
85.61
China
5 7Rank
Value
2017 2016
87.76
th th
79.35
Australia
6 5Rank
Value
2017 2016
85.25
th th
84.27
Malaysia
7 6Rank
Value
2017 2016
83.53
th th
83.05
Japan
8 8Rank
Value
2017 2016
82.27
th th
78.72
Thailand
9 9Rank
Value
2017 2016
80.10
th th
74.68
Korea
10Rank
Value
2017 2016
78.65
th10th 12th11
12 13
th
74.2
Philippines
Rank
Value
2017 2016
71.80 65.54
Indonesia
Rank
Value
2017 2016
71.12
th th 13 11th th 14 14th th
62.38
India
Rank
Value
2017 2016
69.70 65.83
Mongolia
Rank
Value
2017 2016
48.14 45.79
CompetitivenessPerformanceAmongASEAN COUNTRIES
IMD uses 70% quantitative data for themeasures of a country’s competitiveness.ASEAN countries that do not meet thisconditionarenotlistedintheWCY2017
mpc | world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 8 | | 9 world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 | mpc
5-Year Performance
2016
24 th / 63
19 th / 61
14 th / 61
12 th / 60
15th / 60
2013
2015
2014
2017
Competitiveness Landscape
mpc | world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 10 | | 11 world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 | mpc
3 4
1 2
CHALLENGES in 2017
Drivingdigitalizationandinnovationthrough appropriate technologicalinfrastructure, e-commerce andadoption of innovative technologyacrosssectors.
Buildingworkforceofthefuturetomeetthedynamicindustryneeds.
Ensuringrobustandincumbenteco-system for the implementation ofregulatoryreviewsandtoaccelerateefforts in enhancing whole ofGovernmentapproach.
Strengthening the governance andinstitutional mechanism throughprivate and public collaboration forimplementation of productivity andcompetitivenessstrategies.
mpc | world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 12 | | 13 world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 | mpc
TOP PERFORMER
CHINA USA HONG KONG SINGAPORE
GDP Per CapitaLess Than US$20,000
Population Greater Than 20 Million
Asia Pacific Region
ASEANRegion
2017 2017 2017 2017
2016 2016 2016 2016
2 nd 8 th
7 th
7 th 2 nd
2 nd6 th1 st
n=32 n=29
n=28 n=14 n=5
n=14 n=5
n=31
MA
LA
YS
IA
2017 201624 th 19 th
Overall Ranking
Performanceby Peer Group
Performanceby Factors andSub-Factors
32
32
16
27
28
22
16
16
21
20
29
43
40
22
15
37
37
11
3
26
Economic Performance
Government Efficiency
Business Efficiency
Infrastructure
Domestic Economy
International Trade
International Investment
Employment
Prices
Public Finance
Tax Policy
Institutional Framework
Business Legislation
Societal Framework
Productivity & Efficiency
Labor Market
Finance
Management Practices
Attitudes and Values
Basic Infrastructure
Technological Infrastructure
Scientific Infrastructure
Health and Environment
Education
13 th(11 ) th
25 th(18 ) th
19 th(14 ) th
32 nd
(31 ) st
Rank
(2016 : 22 nd)
(2016 : 16 th )
(2016 : 9 th )
(2016 : 7 th )
(2016 : 25 th )
(2016 : 10 th )
(2016 : 23rd)
(2016 : 20 th )
(2016 : 32 nd )
(2016 : 21 st )
(2016
(2016
:
:
6
9
th
th
)
)
(2016 : 20 th )
(2016 : 11 th )
(2016 : 15 th )
(2016 : 23 rd)
(2016 : 29 th )
(2016 : 40 th )
(2016 : 38 th )
(2016 : 21 st )
mpc | world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 14 | | 15 world competitiveNess yearbook 2017 | mpc
RS
ASEAN
WORLD
RANK TREND
ECONOMICPERFORMANCE
2017 2016
13 11
Singapore
UAEIrelandChina LuxembourgUSA
1 2 3 4 5
6
Thailand
10
Malaysia
13
Indonesia
33
Philippines
26
Macro-EvaluationofTheDomesticEconomy
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
11697
TOPPERFORMERS
13
1.0
China USA Ireland
Qatar India
Philippines Singapore Thailand
Indonesia Malaysia
2017 201632 22
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
12 13 15 32 33
18 1915
22
32
TOP PERFORMERS
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
5
321
4
•Real GDP growth (% change, based on national currency in constant prices)
•Grossfixedcapitalformation(%ofGDP)
2017 2016
•GDP per capita (US$ per capita)
•GDP (PPP) per capita (Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT
8
9
46
39
5
7
44
36
1.1DomesticEconomy
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 16 | | 17 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
Singapore ThailandHong Kong
Luxembourg UAE
Singapore
Thailand Philippines
Malaysia Indonesia
2017 201626 21
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
1 3 26 44 56
TOP PERFORMERS
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
5
11 11
2126
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
•Exportsofgoods(%ofGDP)
•Tourism receipts (International tourismreceiptsasa%ofGDP)
•Trade to GDP ratio ((Exports + Imports) / (2 * GDP)
10
12
14
48
60
39
50
10
10
14
2017 2016
•Exchangerates (Exchangeratessupportthecompetitivenessofenterprises)
•Exportsofcommercialservices-growth (% change based on US$ values)
Italic = soft data (survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT
TREND
1.2InternationalTrade
Singapore Thailand
2017 201632 16
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
7 32 37 47 50
TOP PERFORMERS
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
LuxembourgUSA
Hong Kong Cyprus
Ireland14
7 8
16
32
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT
•Directinvestmentstocksabroad(%ofGDP)
•Directinvestmentflowsinward(%ofGDP)
18
22
36
34
33
32
29
33
30
12
25
27
19
16
2017 2016
•Directinvestmentstocksinward(US$ billions)
•Directinvestmentstocksinward(%ofGDP)
•Relocationthreatsofproductionisnotathreattothefutureofyoureconomy
•Directinvestmentflowsabroad(US$ billions)
•Directinvestmentflowsinward(US$ billions)
Italic = soft data (survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT
Malaysia
Indonesia
1.3InternationalInvestment
Philippines
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 18 | | 19 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
QatarChina
Philippines Japan
Thailand
Thailand Singapore Malaysia
2017 201616 9
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
3 4 11 13 16
TOP PERFORMERS
5
321
4
11 12
79
16
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
EMPLOYMENT
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
•Youth unemployment (%ofyouthlaborforceundertheageof25)
•Long-termunemployment(%oflaborforce)
•Unemployment rate (%oflaborforce)
14
5
6
17
5
4
37
42
38
25
2017 2016
•Employment(%ofpopulation)
•Employment-growth (Estimates: % change)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT
Philippines Indonesia
1.4Employment
Malaysia Indonesia Singapore
Thailand Philippines
2017 20163 7
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
3 28 34 52 56
TOP PERFORMERS
5
321
42013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Canada Bulgaria
Malaysia
10
3 3
7
3
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
PRICES
•Gasoline prices (Premium unleaded gasoline (95 Ron) US$ per litre)
•Cost-of-livingindex(Indexofabasketofgoods&servicesinthemain city, including housing (New YorkCity=100))
4
14
5
20
43 42
2017 2016
•Foodcosts(%ofhouseholdfinalconsumption expenditures)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
1.5Prices
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 20 | | 21 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
ASEAN
WORLD
RANK TREND
GOVERNMENTEFFICIENCY
2017 2016
25 18
Singapore
UAEHong Kong Switzerland Singapore New Zealand
Thailand IndonesiaMalaysia Philippines
TOPPERFORMERS
1 2 3 4 5
3 2520 30 37
15 15 16 18 25
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Extenttowhichgovernmentpoliciesareconducivetocompetitiveness
2.0
Singapore Indonesia Malaysia
Thailand Philippines
2017 201627 25
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
5 11 22 25 27
5
321
42013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Hong KongIceland
Kazakhstan Singapore
Switzerland
•Pensionfunding (Pensionfundingisadequatelyaddressedforthefuture)
14 7
46 45
2017 2016
•Governmentbudgetsurplus/deficit(%ofGDP)
Italic = soft data (survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTOR
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
20 20 19
25 27
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
PUBLIC FINANCE
2.1PublicFinance
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 22 | | 23 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
Thailand Malaysia Philippines
Indonesia Singapore
2017 201611 10
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
4 6 11 16 18
5
321
42013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Qatar
Thailand Taiwan
UAE
•Consumption tax rate (StandardrateofVAT/GST)
•Collectedtotaltaxrevenues (%ofGDP)
•Realpersonaltaxesdonotdiscouragepeoplefromworkingorseekingadvancement
7
10
13
6
9
12
40 37
2017 2016
•Employee’s social security contribution rate (Compulsory contributionasa%ofanincomeequal to GDP per capita)
Italic = soft data (survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
11 11
810
11
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
FISCAL POLICY
2.2TaxPolicy
Hong Kong
Singapore Thailand Philippines
Malaysia Indonesia
2017 201628 23
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
2 28 30 40 41
5
321
42013 2014 2015 2016 2017
SingaporeSwitzerland
Netherlands Denmark
•Adaptabilityofgovernmentpolicyto changes in the economy is high
•Legalandregulatoryframeworkencouragesthecompetitivenessofenterprises
11
12
7
10
51 40
2017 2016
•Exchange rate stability (Paritychangefromnationalcurrency to SDR, 2016 / 2014)
Italic = soft data (survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
15 13
22 2328
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
2.3InstitutionalFramework
Norway
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 24 | | 25 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
Singapore Thailand Philippines
Malaysia Indonesia
2017 201637 20
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
3 37 38 53 58
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
New ZealandHong Kong
Ireland Denmark
Singapore
•Laborregulations(hiring/firingpractices,minimumwages,etc.)donothinderbusinessactivities
•Easeofdoingbusinessissupportedbyregulations
•Unemploymentlegislationprovidesanincentivetolookforwork
11
12
13
9
6
11
53
53
50
49
46
45
44
49
6
10
46
43
43
26
2017 2016
•Redundancycosts(Numberofweeksofsalary)
•Start-upprocedures(Numberofprocedurestostartabusiness)
•Start-updays(Numberofdaystostartabusiness)
•Governmentsubsidies(Toprivateandpubliccompaniesasa%ofGDP)
•Foreigninvestors(Foreigninvestorsarefreetoacquirecontrolindomesticcompanies)
•Tariffbarriers(Tariffsonimports:Mostfavorednationsimpleaveragerate)
•Protectionismdoesnotimpairtheconductofyourbusiness
Italic=softdata(survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT
2419
2420
37
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
BUSINESS LEGISLATION
2.4BusinessLegislation
Singapore Thailand Philippines
Malaysia Indonesia
2017 201637 32
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
17 37 44 48 51
5
321
42013 2014 2015 2016 2017
SwedenNorway
Finland Switzerland
Denmark
•Ageingofsocietyisnotaburdenforeconomicdevelopment
12 9
55 55
2017 2016
•Ginicoefficient (Equaldistributionofincomescale: 0 (absolute equality) to 100 (absolute inequality))
Italic=softdata(survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTOR
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
2932
3532
37
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
SOCIETAL FRAMEWORK
2.5SocietalFramework
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 26 | | 27 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
ASEAN
WORLD
RANK TREND
3.0 bUSINESS EFFICIENCY
2017 2016
19 14
Singapore
UAEHong Kong Switzerland
Thailand IndonesiaMalaysia Philippines
1 2 3 4 5
10 2519 28 30
4 510 14
19
Ireland Netherlands
TOPPERFORMERS
Extenttowhichnationalenvironmentencouragesenterprisetoperforminaninnovative,profitableandresponsiblemanner.
Singapore Thailand Indonesia
Malaysia Philippines
201722 21
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
6 22 41 52 53
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Sweden
Norway
•Overall productivity - real growth(Estimates: % change of real GDPper person employed)
6 7
42
40
41
39
2017 2016
•Laborproductivity(Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$)
•Overallproductivity(Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTOR
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
Ireland Luxembourg22
21
24
21
22
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
PRODUCTIVITY & EFFICIENCY
Netherlands
3.1Productivity&Efficiency
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 28 | | 29 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
Indonesia Thailand
Philippines Singapore
Malaysia
201716 6
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
4 5 8 11 16
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Indonesia
Hong Kong
Philippines
•Remunerationinservicesprofessions(Grossannualincomeincluding supplements such as bonuses, US$)
•Apprenticeshipsaresufficientlyimplemented
•Employeetrainingisahighpriorityincompanies
8
11
13
10
8
7
53
43
51
46
2017 2016
•Femalelaborforce (%oftotallaborforce)
•Laborforce (%ofpopulation)
Italic = soft data (survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
China Netherlands 6
3 46
16
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
LABOR MARKET
3.2LaborMarket
Singapore Thailand Indonesia
Malaysia Philippines
201721 20
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
7 21 24 33 38
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
•Stockmarketcapitalization(%ofGDP)
•Venturecapitaliseasilyavailableforbusiness
•Financeandbankingregulationissufficientlyadequate
7
10
12
8
9
10
34 33
2017 2016
•Investmentrisk(Euromoneycountryriskoverall(scalefrom0-100))
Italic = soft data (survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
Hong Kong
Denmark
912
15
20 21
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
FINANCE
Switzerland Luxembourg
USA
3.3Finance
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 30 | | 31 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
Malaysia Thailand Philippines
Singapore Indonesia
201715 9
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
15 17 20 29 28
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Hong Kong
Taiwan Austria
•Useofbigdataandanalytics(Companiesareverygoodatusingbigdataandanalyticstosupportdecision-making)
•Opportunitiesandthreats(Companiesareverygoodatrespondingquicklytoopportunitiesandthreats)
•Changingmarketconditions(Companiesaregenerallyextremelyawareofchangingmarketconditions)
5
6
9
-
-
-
27 24
2017 2016
•Ethical practices are implemented in companies
Italic=softdata(survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
UAE Denmark4
2
6
9
15
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
3.4ManagementPractices
Singapore Malaysia Indonesia
Philippines Thailand
201722 11
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
6 18 22 23 24
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
•Digitaltransformationincompaniesisgenerallywellunderstood
10 -
31 23
2017 2016
•Imageabroadorbrandingofyourcountryencouragesbusinessdevelopment
Italic=softdata(survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTOR
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
Hong Kong
Sweden
Ireland
Netherlands
UAE
4 4
811
22
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
ATTITUDES AND VALUES
3.5AttitudesandValues
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 32 | | 33 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
ASEAN
WORLD
RANK TREND
2017 2016
32 31
USASwitzerland Norway
1 2 3 4 5
Singapore
7
Malaysia
32
Thailand
49
Philippines
54
Indonesia
59
Sweden Denmark
25 25 27 31 32
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
4.0 INFRASTRUCTURE
TOPPERFORMERS
Extenttowhichbasic,technological,scientificandhumanresourcesmeettheneedsofbusiness
4.1BasicInfrastructure
Singapore Thailand Philippines
Malaysia Indonesia
201716 15
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
2 16 34 45 57
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
•Population-growth(%change)
•Dependency ratio (Population under15andover64yearsold,dividedbyactivepopulation(15to64 years))
12
13
-
12
44 41
2017 2016
•Accesstocommodities(basicresources,food,etc.)isadequatelyaddressed
Italic=softdata(survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
Netherlands Qatar
12 13 1215 16
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE
Singapore NorwayIceland
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 34 | | 35 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
4.2TechnologicalInfrastructure
Singapore Thailand Indonesia
Malaysia Philippines
201720 23
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
1 20 36 42 54
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
•High-techexports (%manufacturedexports)
• InvestmentinTelecommunications(%ofGDP)
•Public-privatepartnershipsaresupportingtechnologicaldevelopment
•Cybersecurityisbeingadequatelyaddressedbycorporations
•Technologicalregulationsupportsbusinessdevelopmentandinnovation
4
4
8
12
15
3
54
5
10
13
45
45
49
43
2017 2016
• Internetbandwidthspeed(Averagespeed)
•Broadbandsubscribers(Numberofsubscribers per 1000 inhabitants)
Italic=softdata(survey)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTORS
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
Netherlands FinlandSingapore
China Switzerland
13
5 5
2320
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
4.3ScientificInfrastructure
Singapore Thailand Philippines
Malaysia Indonesia
201729 29
RANK
TREND
12 29 48 52 57
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
•Science degrees (%oftotalfirstuniversitydegreesinscience and engineering)
5 5
44 44
2017 2016
•ValueaddedofKTIindustries(%ofGDP)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTOR
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
28 28
29 29 29
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
SCIENTIFIC INFRASTRUCTURE
ChinaUSA Japan
SwitzerlandIsrael
ASEAN
WORLD
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 36 | | 37 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
4.4Health&Environment
Singapore Philippines Indonesia
Malaysia Thailand
201743
WORLD
ASEAN
RANK
TREND
25 43 49 57 58
5
321
42013 2014 2015 2016 2017
•Healthinfrastructuremeetstheneedsofsociety
18 17
59
53
52
50
44
56
52
46
51
43
2017 2016
•Totalhealthexpenditure(%ofGDP)
•Medicalassistance(Numberofinhabitants per physician and per nurse)
•Renewable energies (Share ofrenewablesintotalenergyrequirements, %)
•Energy intensity (Total energy consumedforeach1000US$ofGDP in MTOE)
•Lifeexpectancyatbirth(Averageestimate)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTOR
AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
Switzerland
40
42
36 36
40
43
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT
Norway Sweden
Denmark Finland
4.5Education
Singapore Thailand Indonesia
Malaysia Philippines
201740 38
RANK
TREND
5 40 54 59 61
5
321
4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
•Pupil-teacherratio(primaryeducation)(Ratioofstudentstoteachingstaff)
12 11
52 55
2017 2016
•Illiteracy(Adult(over15years)illiteracyrateasapercentageofpopulation)
2017 2016
CONTRIbUTING FACTOR
AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT
2016
ASEAN
WORLD
Denmark
Finland Belgium Cyprus
Singapore
34 32 35 38 40
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
EDUCATION
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 38 | | 39 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
ACCELERATING IMPLEMENTATION
At 24th position, the Government is resolute to continue to accelerate implementation initiatives to ensure the future of Malaysia’s competitiveness is sustained. In this regards, competitiveness of the nation depends
on the medium to long term productivity and growth prospects of the national economies. In line with this, productivity has been as the game changer to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth and to raise labour productivity levels at RM 92,300 per worker by 2020 as outlined in the 11th Malaysia Plan.
The holistic approach at the national, sectoral and enterprise levels to enhance productivity will in turn improve Malaysia’s competitiveness. Thus, the timely launch of the Malaysia Productivity Blueprint (MPB) will complement efforts in improving Malaysia’s competitiveness performance through its thrusts:
• Building workforce of the future;
• Driving digitalization and innovation;
• Making industry accountable for productivity;
• Forging a robust ecosystem; and
• Securing a strong implementation mechanism
To keep up the momentum towards enhancing Malaysia’s performance, intensive process of engagement with various government agencies through cluster working group and industry players is critical. Concerted efforts and commitment from government ministries and agencies, academicians as well as the private sectors will be further and prioritized.
Additionally, to the true competitiveness position of the country, cooperation and collaboration among data providing agencies with international organisations in providing quality data will be continued to ensure accuracy. At the same time, benchmarking and best practices from other countries are crucial for Malaysia to identify gaps and take actions to improve our performance.
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK 2017 40 | 14 |WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK 2017 | MPC
LEARNING FROM OTHERS
CHInA : RObuSt ECOnOMIC PERFORMAnCE FOR GROwtH
TheChineseeconomyexperiencedastonishinggrowthinthelastfewdecadesthatcatapulted
thecountrytobecometheworld’ssecondlargesteconomy.In1978,whenChinastartedtheprogramofeconomic reforms, thecountry rankedninth innominal grossdomestic product (GDP)withUSD214billionwhereitjumpedtosecondplacein2013withanominalGDPofUSD9.2trillionandremainedthesecondlargesteconomyintheworld.
China’s 6.9% economic expansion in the firstquarter of 2017 is mainly due to the increasingroleoftheconsumptionandservicesectors,ratherthaninfrastructurespendingandcreditgrowth.ThefirstquarterGDPgrowthacceleratedfrom6.8%inthepreviousquarterand77.2%ofitwasdrivenbyconsumption.Meanwhile, the service sector rose7.7%year-on-year in thefirstquarter,outpacinga3%increaseinagricultureand6.4%inthesecondaryindustry.ThepercapitarealdisposableincomeofChinese nationwide increased 7% year-on-year inreal terms, outpacing theGDPgrowth rate in theperiod,whilethatofruralresidentsroseatafasterpaceof7.2%.
The Chinese economy has not only been ableto avoid a hard landing, but is stabilising andimprovingwithbetterstructureandmorejobs.Itspeoplearenowspendingmoreonservicesandthedomesticwaveofinnovationsandentrepreneurshiphadbroughtinnewbusinessesandnewmethodsof consumption. Innovation and start-ups arealso a steady source of new jobs and incomeincrease,wherenewjobswerecreatedmakingtheunemploymentratestayingunder5%.
TheChinesearenowthewealthiesttheyhaveeverbeenastheynowhavestrongbuyingpower.This
stemmedfromarisingmiddle class whichover the 30-yearperiodhasseen70%of their populationliftedoutofpoverty.Also, their accessto technologicaladvancements andonline shopping, alongwith a reduction in the statecontrolhasalsoledtogreaterbuyingpower.
China recently revealed ‘Made in China2025’ strategy guidelines revolve around themanufacturing evolution, relating specificallyto innovate productions. As Germany makesstrides with its ‘Industrie 4.0’ programme, Chinaon the other hand, competes for industry lead.Industry 4.0 is intelligent manufacturing wheretheInternetisusedtoconnectsmallandmedium-sizedcompaniesinamoreefficientwayinglobalproductionandinnovationnetworks.While ‘Madein China 2025’ is the first ten-year action plandesignedtotransformChinafromamanufacturinggiant that relies on low-cost labor into a worldmanufacturing power. The plan is designed toincrease national competitiveness and stimulateinnovationratherthansimplysupportingasingleindustry.
HOnG KOnG : EFFICIEnt And buSInESS-FRIEndLY GOvERnMEnt
HongKonghasbuilta reputationasa regionalbusiness hub, a natural gateway connecting
EastandWestandthehomeofahighlyproductiveworkforce. Known for its business-friendlyenvironment, free trade as well as open and faircompetition,HongKonghasawell-establishedandcomprehensivefinancialnetworks,aflexiblelabourmarketwith awell-educated and highlymotivatedworkforceandasimple,low-taxsystem.
Hong Kong is ranked the world’s freest economyfor the 23rd consecutive year by the US-basedHeritage Foundation 2017. Its high-quality legalframework, which provides effective protectionof property rights and strong support for the ruleof law, continues to be a cornerstone of strength.There is little tolerance for corruption as thegovernmentintegrityissupportedbyahighdegreeoftransparency.Itaimstoprovidethemostbusiness-friendly conditions possible such as a clean andefficientadministrationandaspecialresponsibilityto remove market restrictions to promote faircompetition. It has made considerable stridesfacilitating the development of financial marketsinafairandefficientmannerandinopeninguptheinformation and telecommunications technologyand broadcasting markets. The Government alsohas a responsibility to help industries where itsbusinesses enjoy competitive advantages in newmarkets.
TheGovernmentfollowsprudentfiscalmanagementwhilemaintainingasimpletaxstructurewithlowtaxrates.Thisprovidespeoplewiththeincentivetoworkand entrepreneurs to invest. The corporate profitstaxrateof16.5%andsalariestaxrateof15%arelowbyinternationalstandards.Therearenorestrictionsoncapitalflows intoandoutofHongKong.ThesefactorshaveenabledHongKongtobecomealeadinginternationalfinancialcentre.Asoneof theworld’smostliberaleconomicsystemsduetoitsfreetradepolicy, there are no trade barriers and no limit forforeignonshoreandoffshoreinvestments.
Hong Kong’s financial markets are distinguishedby a high degree of liquidity. It operates undereffective and transparent regulations that meetinternationalstandards.Ahighlyeducatedworkforceandeaseofentryforoverseasprofessionalsfurthercontributetothedevelopmentoffinancialmarkets.Itsmatureandactive foreignexchangemarkethasmade it an integral part of the globalmarket as ithas linkswithcentresoverseastofacilitateforeignexchange dealing 24 hours a dayworldwide.HongKong stockmarket is one of theworld’s largest intermsofmarketcapitalisation.TheShanghai-HongKong Stock Connect, launched in November 2014,reinforcesHongKong’spositionasaninternationalfinancial centre and a premier offshore Renminbi(RMB) hub. In recent years, the Government hasbeenpromotingthefurtherdevelopmentofthebondmarketthroughtheGovernmentBondProgramme.Ithas provided the necessary financial infrastructureandtaxincentives,inadditiontopromotingthelocalbondmarketoverseasandontheMainland.
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 42 | | 43 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
GERMAnY : buILdInG FutuRE tECHnO-SAvvY GEnERAtIOn FOR SuStAInAbLE dEvELOPMEnt
TheGermanVocationalEducationandTraining(VET) system, known as the dual training
scheme,ishighlyrecognizedworldwideduetoitscombinationoftheoryandtrainingembeddedinareal-lifeworkenvironment.TheDualVETsystemis firmly established in the German educationsystemandhasbeena long-standing, keypillarofGermany’sremarkableperformanceasamajorindustrial power. Themain characteristic of thedual system is cooperation between small andmediumsizedcompaniesononehand,andpublicvocationalschoolsontheother.
The Vocational Training Act of 1969, whichwas amended in 2005, introduced this tight-knit alliance between the Federal Government,thefederalstatesandcompanieswithaviewtoprovideyoungpeoplewithtraininginoccupationsthatarerecognisednationwideanddocumentedaccordingly through certificates issued by acompetentbodysuchasthechamberofindustryand commerce or chamber of crafts and tradesrespectively. The system puts young peoplethrough three-year traineeships composed ofclassroominstructionintrade-schoolcoursesandon-the-job training at participating companiesunder the supervisionof skilledmentors.Youngpeopleemerge from theseapprenticeshipshavethe skills and know how to get a job done in areal work environment. Young graduates fromDual VET apprenticeships are offered long-termemploymentatthecompanywheretheydidtheirapprenticeshiponcetheygraduate.
Employers and trade unions are the drivers inupdating and creating new training regulationsand occupational profiles or modernising furthertraining regulations. As a result, training, testingand certificates are standardised in all industriesthroughout the country. This assures that allapprenticesreceivethesametrainingregardlessofregionandcompany.The Government also stresses the importanceofdiversityinresearchwithanallocationofmorethan USD100 million, where 70% of it driven bytheindustries.Germanyisinthetop10countriesthatdevotealargepercentageofeconomicoutputtoresearchanddevelopmentandalsoincreatingnew innovations. The combination of investmentin research, the actual R&D process and newinnovationsper capitaplantsGermany in the top10 of both in The Global Technology Index andGlobal Innovation Index 2016. As a result, morethan80,000patentsweregrantedbetween2012to2014.
On top of that, Germany also excel in theenvironmental aspect through the RenewableEnergy Act 1990 and presently is considered thefourth greenest country in theworld. In 2010, 10billioneuroswasinventedinrenewableenergywithan estimated 340,000 employees in this sector.Furthermore,94%ofGermansseerenewableenergyasvitalasitisrootedintheGermanmindset.
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 44 | | 45 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
Appendix1APPENDICES
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 46 | | 47 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
COUNTRIES2017 2016
Hong Kong
SwitzerlandSingapore
USANetherlandsIrelandDenmarkLuxembourg
SwedenUAENorway
CanadaGermany
TaiwanFinlandNew ZealandQatarChina MainlandUnited Kingdom
IcelandAustraliaIsrael BelgiumMalaysia
AustriaJapan
ThailandCzech Republic
KoreaEstoniaFranceKazakhstanLithuaniaSpain
ChileSaudi ArabiaCyprus
PolandPortugal
LatviaPhilippines
IndonesiaSloveniaItaly
IndiaRussiaTurkey
MexicoBulgaria
RomaniaSlovak Repu blicHungary
South AfricaColombiaPeruJordanGreeceArgentina
CroatiaUkraineBrazilMongolia
Venezuela
RANK123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263
RANK1243876115159101214201613251823172122192426282729313247303436n/an/a3339374248433541443845504940465251545356555859576061
VALUE100.0099.6699.4998.6696.5595.7995.5695.0694.9694.0893.0792.2591.5990.4888.8988.6788.1087.7686.7886.4085.2585.1083.9183.5383.3382.2780.1078.9678.6577.7677.6876.3475.6274.8474.4874.3373.7773.7272.1771.8571.8071.1270.7570.5469.7068.8568.1867.3065.7364.7464.7364.4262.3261.7960.9857.9657.7657.6556.5256.1355.8248.1432.74
VALUE100
98.0297.6597.8891.3291.5491.7690.0292.3586.0790.0590.0588.5786.3782.0485.6186.7279.3583.3480.5884.2780.8380.6983.0580.1678.7274.6876.1574.2073.5573.4662.6474.0469.3567.44n/an/a
71.3066.4166.5565.5462.3864.8768.7165.8363.9466.5563.2461.7462.2765.8962.6557.8058.2956.2056.8852.1353.7551.5946.5151.6845.7932.60
THE WORLD COMPETITIVENESS SCOREBOARD 2017
Appendix2
COMPETITIVENESS RANKING BY POPULATIONS GREATER THAN 20 MILLION
COUNTRIESRANK
USA
Canada
Germany
Taiwan
China Mainland
United Kingdom
Australia
Malaysia
Japan
Thailand
Korea
France
Spain
Saudi Arabia
Poland
Philippines
Indonesia
Italy
India
Russia
Turkey
Mexico
South Africa
Colombia
Peru
Argentina
Ukraine
Brazil
Venezuela
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
1
2
3
4
8
6
5
7
9
10
11
12
14
n/a
13
18
21
15
17
19
16
20
23
22
24
25
27
26
28
97.88
90.05
88.57
86.37
79.35
83.34
84.27
83.05
78.72
74.68
74.20
73.46
69.35
n/a
71.30
65.54
62.38
68.71
65.83
63.94
66.55
63.24
57.80
58.29
56.20
53.75
46.51
51.68
32.60
98.66
92.25
91.59
90.48
87.76
86.78
85.25
83.53
82.27
80.10
78.65
77.68
74.84
74.33
73.72
71.80
71.12
70.54
69.70
68.85
68.18
67.30
62.32
61.79
60.98
57.65
56.13
55.82
32.74
VALUE
2017
RANK VALUE
2016
COMPETITIVENESS RANKING BY GDP PER CAPITA LESS THAN US$ 20,000
COUNTRIESRANK VALUE
2017
RANK VALUE
2016
China Mainland
Malaysia
Thailand
Czech Republic
Estonia
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Chile
Poland
Portugal
Latvia
Philippines
Indonesia
India
Russia
Turkey
Mexico
Bulgaria
Romania
Slovak Republic
Hungary
South Africa
Colombia
Peru
Jordan
Greece
Argentina
Croatia
Ukraine
Brazil
Mongolia
Venezuela
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
2
1
4
3
6
18
5
8
7
11
9
14
19
13
15
10
16
21
20
12
17
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
30
28
31
*
87.76
83.53
80.10
78.96
77.76
76.34
75.62
74.48
73.72
72.17
71.85
71.80
71.12
69.70
68.85
68.18
67.30
65.73
64.74
64.73
64.42
62.32
61.79
60.98
57.96
57.76
57.65
56.52
56.13
55.82
48.14
32.74
79.35
83.05
74.68
76.15
73.55
62.64
74.04
67.44
71.30
66.41
66.55
65.54
62.38
65.83
63.94
66.55
63.24
61.74
62.27
65.89
62.65
57.80
58.29
56.20
56.88
52.13
53.75
51.59
46.51
51.68
45.79
32.60
*Country that has GDP greater than US$ 20,000
COMPETITIVENESS RANKING BY ASEAN REGION
COUNTRIES
COUNTRIES
RANK
RANK
VALUE
VALUE
2017
2017
RANK
RANK
VALUE
VALUE
2016
2016
Hong Kong
Singapore
Taiwan
New Zealand
China Mainland
Australia
Malaysia
Japan
Thailand
Korea
Philippines
Indonesia
India
Mongolia
Singapore
Malaysia
Thailand
Philippines
Indonesia
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
7
5
6
8
9
10
12
13
11
14
1
2
3
4
5
100.00
99.49
90.48
88.67
87.76
85.25
83.53
82.27
80.10
78.65
71.80
71.12
69.70
48.14
99.49
83.53
80.10
71.80
71.12
100.00
97.65
86.37
85.61
79.35
84.27
83.05
78.72
74.68
74.2
65.54
62.38
65.83
45.79
97.65
83.05
74.68
65.54
62.38
COMPETITIVENESS RANKING BY ASIA PACIFIC REGION
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 48 | | 49 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
Appendix3 Appendix4
The Inter-AgencyPlanningGroup (IAPG)onCompetitivenessData is ledby the MalaysiaProductivityCorporationto:
1. Coordinate and collaborate efforts in ensuring competitiveness data is current andreflectiveoftheactualsituationinMalaysia;
2. ProvideandvalidatedatarequiredbyIMD;and3. EngagewithInternationalDataProviderssoastoensureMalaysia’scompetitivenessdata
iswellrepresented. TheIAPGmembersarerepresentativesfrom:•DepartmentofStatisticsMalaysia(DOSM)•CentralBankofMalaysia(BNM)•MinistryofFinance(MOF)•BursaMalaysia•MinistryofEducation(MOE)•MinistryofHigherEducation(MOHE)•PublicWorksDepartment(JKR)•InlandRevenueBoardofMalaysia(IRB)•MalaysiaScienceandTechnologyInformationCentre(MASTIC)•MinistryofDomesticTrade,Co-operativeandConsumerism(MDTCC)•EnergyCommission(ST)•MinistryofHumanResource(MOHR)•ImmigrationDepartmentMalaysia(IMI)•EmployeesProvidentFund(EPF)•NationalWaterServicesCommission(SPAN)•NationalPropertyInformationCentre(NAPIC)
MPCwishestoexpressourgratitudetoallMinistriesandAgenciesfortheircooperationinprovidingdataforWCY2017.
INTER-AGENCY PLANNING GROUP (IAPG)ON COMPETITIVENESS DATA
PAVING THE WAY TO ACHIEVE PRODUCTIVITY TARGETS SET FOR 2020
MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 50 | | 51 WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 | MPC
Appendix5
Link to World Competitiveness Yearbook 2017:
www.imd.org/wcy2017
GlobalCompetitivenessSectionMalaysiaProductivityCorporation(MPC)
A-06-01,Level6,BlockA,PJ8No.23,JalanBarat,Section8
46050PetalingJayaSelangorDarulEhsan
MALAYSIA
Tel:+603-79600173Fax:+603-79600206
Email:[email protected]
URL:www.mpc.gov.my
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MPC | WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARbOOK 2017 52 |