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World Geography Final Exam Review
Fall 2013
1. How has global diffusion of advanced computer and communications technology affected peoples’
access to the following?
• Higher Education– Increased access
• Pop Culture– Increased access
• Maintaining traditional customs– Decreased interest
2. How can a more diverse culture be created when new immigrant groups move into existing
local cultures? • By keeping some
ideas of the original culture, while incorporating some of the local culture
• Much like the ingredients of a “salad bowl” instead of a “melting pot”
3. What has happened to the cultural landscapes of commercial areas worldwide, thanks to the
diffusion of popular American chain restaurants?
• They have all begun to look very similar– like seeing
McDonald’s on the city’s streets
4. List several problems that occur when tropical rainforests, such as the Amazon, rapidly
disappear. • Animal habitats
destroyed for human use
• Less trees to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen
• Destruction of medicinal plants that heal and cure disease
5. What are the effects of the Industrial Revolution
in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century? • Early 1800s -
Europeans immigrated to the US for economic and job opportunities in the Northeast
• 1860 – 1900 –
about 14 million Europeans arrived to work in the US
6. What are the EPA and the Clean Air Act? How
do they protect the air quality? • Environmental
Protection Agency– Agency designed to
protect human health and the environment
• Clean Air Act– Ensures air quality is
not dangerous to humans
7. What indicators are used to determine a country’s level of development? How would a
developed country’s indicators look?
• Low birth rate• Low infant mortality• Longer life
expectations• High literacy rates• High education levels• High standard of
living
8. How did the formation of the European Union
cause a population shift? • Western Europe had
an abundance of employment opportunities
• People from other regions migrated there for jobs
9. Why is African influence present in Brazilian culture?
• African slaves were forced to migrate to Brazil, as well as other Latin American regions
10. What happened in Eastern Europe in 1989,
and what changes took place as a result? • Collapse of the Soviet
Union• Moved away from
communism• Eastern Europe was
adopting more democratic ideals through cultural diffusion
11. What four factors affect climate?
• Wind and ocean currents
• Latitude• Elevation• Topography
12. What were the direct effects of the Columbian
Exchange? • African slavery• European
diseases introduced into Native American populations
• Exchange of animals and plants
13. How did the construction of the interstate
system in the 1950s change the urban landscape? • People were able to
move to suburbs and drive into work
• Economic activity was not limited to being in the city center
• Economic activity expanded away from city center
14. How do people maintain their culture? Give an example.
• By passing ideas down from generation to generation
• Parents/grandparents teaching stories, recipes and way of living to their children/grandchildren
15. How does Earth’s tilt affect seasons?
• Different parts of earth receive the sun’s direct rays at different times of the year causing temperature differences
• At the poles, times of constant direct sunlight and constant lack of sunlight
16. What is cultural diffusion? Give an example.
• Spread of ideas, inventions or patterns of behavior from one culture to another
• Ex: Architecture, restaurant chains
17. How was England changed by the Industrial
Revolution? • Urban areas (cities)
grew as more jobs became available
18. Where in the world are climates the warmest
year-round? • Between the Tropic of
Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, along the equator
19. What is the climate of Northern Europe in the
winter? • Very cold winters in
Scandinavian peninsula (Northern Europe)
• Norway, Finland, Sweden – people interact with cold environment
20. Why is the US political system so stable?
• Citizens are allowed to elect government officials
• If not happy with officials’ performance, citizens will not re-elect him or her
21. How does the Panama Canal help the
economy of Panama? • Opens a trade route
between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans
• Cuts expenses of having to travel around the tip of South America to trade
22. Why type of climate would cause Northern
Brazil to get so much rainfall? • Northern Brazil is
located within the tropical latitudes
23. Which event had the greatest impact on the
culture of South America? • Spanish conquerors
(conquistadors) arrived and took over
24. Why did favelas expand in the 1970s in Latin
America? • Migrants arriving from
rural areas – Poor people, large
numbers– Could not afford to
settle in city center
25. How did Europeans settle the US? What general direction did population expand from
there? • Started in northeast• Moved west with
westward expansion
26. How did the Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
spread? • Along the
Mediterranean Sea trade routes
• Travel was faster and easier by sea than by land
27. Why did population in California change so
drastically from 1848-1849? • News of the discovery
of gold in California• People from all over
the world migrated to search for their share
28. Why did the Jews escape Europe during the 1940s?
• Nazi Germany (Hitler) targeted Jews
• Suffered persecution and discrimination for Jewish religious views
29. Why were the Spanish able to conquer the Aztecs so easily?
• Spanish conquistadors had much better weapons and military technology
30. What types of agriculture practices did the Inca use that made them an agrarian society?
• Terrace farming• Showed that they
cooperated and planned crop growth
31. What do the Aztec and Mayan calendars and the use of “zero” indicate about pre-Colombian
people?
• They both made advances in math and science
32. How did the American Revolution affect Latin America?
• Inspired leaders of Latin America to fight for independence
33. Describe religion of Latin America.
• Largest practiced religion in Latin America is Roman Catholic
34. What are the origins of democracy?
• Athens, Greece– first society to practice
direct democracy
35. What are the causes for destruction of the
Amazon rain forest? • Poverty• Abuse of natural
resources• Clearing land for
ranching• Large national debt
36. What are the advantages of terraced farming
techniques? • Reduces soil erosion• Allows steep land to
be cultivated
37. What areas does the Latin America region
cover? • Areas of the western
hemisphere, south of the United States
38. Between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution, which is the cause, and which is the
effect?
• Urbanization is an effect of the Industrial Revolution
39. What physical features in Latin America have inhibited communication and transportation
systems?
• Mountains• Rain forests• River systems
40. What are some effects of colonial rule in Latin
America? • Control of power by
few wealthy land owners
• Poverty for everyone else
• Resources were exported, leaving the region economically weakened
41. What is subsistence agriculture? Where can it
still be found in Latin America today?
• Growing just enough food to feed family
• Still practiced in rural areas, like Incan settlements in Peru
42. What two cultural influences combined to
reflect Central American culture today?
• Spanish• Native American
– (Mestizo people)
43. What does NAFTA stand for? Which countries
are involved? • North American Free
Trade Agreement– Canada– United States– Mexico
44. What happened to European cities as a result
of the Industrial Revolution?
• They grew in size
45. What effects did industrialization have on farming in the
United States?
• Decrease number of people farming, due to industrialized farm equipment
• Increase size of farms to feed bigger population
46. What is hydroelectricity? How might climate
changes affect production?
• Less rainfall leads to decrease in water flow, which reduces force with which hydroelectricity is produced
47. What is a polder? Explain the process in
creating polders. • Reclaiming land from
the sea by diking and draining
48. List the 5 peninsulas in Europe and the
countries that make up each. • Iberian
– Spain and Portugal
• Scandinavian– Norway, Finland, Sweden
• Balkan– Greece
• Jutland – Denmark, small part of
Germany
• Italian - Italy
49. How are architectural styles, which begin in one cultural region and show up in other cultural
regions, spread throughout the world?
• Cultural diffusion
50. Which subregion of the US is associated with
the following?
a. wheat and automobiles – The Midwest
b. gateway to America
– The Northeast
c. crops and the “sunbelt” – The South
d. easier to settle because of air conditioning and irrigation
– The West
51. In which province of Canada do most people speak French? What other language is also
spoken? • Quebec – French• Everywhere else -
English
52. What is the European Union, and what is its
major function? • Economic union of
select European countries
• Share resources, money system, open borders, common market
53. Which subregion of the United States has the
highest population density? • Northeast
54. What are the examples of Human-Environment
Interaction discussed in Chapter 9 Section 3? • Slash-and-burn
farming• Terraced farming• Urbanization• Tourism
55. What are the geographic coordinates of the North Pole? Of the South Pole?
• North Pole90º North
• South Pole90º South