World History Ch. 1, Section 2 PP

8/14/2019 World History Ch. 1, Section 2 PP

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The Beginnings of Civilization Section 2

Preview

Main Idea / Reading Focus

The New Stone Age

Development of Agriculture

Map: Growth of Agriculture

Agriculture Changes Society

The Beginning of Agriculture


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Reading Focus What new tools and technologies did early humans develop

during the New Stone Age?

How did early agriculture develop and spread?

In what ways did the development of agriculture change StoneAge society?

Main Idea

The development of agriculture was a major turning point inhuman history and significantly changed the way in which manypeople lived.

The Beginning of Agriculture


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As prehistoric people developed more sophisticated tools,the Paleolithic Era gave way to the Neolithic Era.

Stones chipped to make

points Wood and bone tools

Nets from plant fibers and

animal sinew

Paleolithic Tools Polished stones to make

points More specialized tools:

chisels

drills saws

Neolithic Tools

The New Stone Age


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Contrast

How did toolmaking in the New Stone Age

differ from toolmaking in the Old StoneAge?

Answer(s):Old Stone Agechipped stones toproduce sharp edges; New Stone Agepolishedand ground stones to shape tools


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The development of agriculture, about 10,000 years ago,radically changed how people lived. This shift to farming isreferred to as the Neolithic Revolution.

End of Ice Age New plants

New food source

People learned tofarm

Domestication

Larger food supply

Plants

Domesticatinganimals Careful selection

and breeding 10,000 BC dogs Larger and more

stable supply ofmeat, milk, skins,wool

Animals

Available plants,domesticatedanimals

Spread to regions: Asia: rice

Africa: cattle Mexico: corn South America:

potatoes

Growth ofAgriculture

Development of Agriculture


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Identify Cause and Effect

How did people benefit from farming and the

domestication of plants and animals?

Answer(s): more reliable food supply; people

could pool labor and resources


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As people began to make items from bronze, the Stone Age gave way to the BronzeAge, which began as early as 3000 BC in some areas.

Agriculture dramatically changed Stone Age societies by providing a larger and more

reliable food supply. Some people began to live as nomadic pastoralists.

Others gave up the nomadic lifestyle and formed settlements, pooling their resources.

Small settlements Villages and towns

Increase in trade

Societies became more complex

Social status, authority

Religion, megaliths

Warfare, disease increased

Early Farming Societies

Agriculture Changes Society

New tools and methods Animals working in fields

Grindstones, pestles, pottery

Wool from sheep for yarn

Spinning and weaving

Copper, bronze, tin

New Technologies


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atal Hyuk

A Neolithic settlement in what is now Turkey

Largest Neolithic site found

Home to 5,0006,000 people in 6000 BC

Covered more than 30 acres People raised barley, wheat, sheep, goats

Houses

One main room with areas for sleeping anddomestic tasks like cooking

Religious shrines


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Discoveries added to our knowledge of Neolithic societies

1991- hikers discover frozen male body Scientific tests performed

5,300 years old, from Neolithic Era

Scientists theories

Diet included coarse grains Did not live in location where found

Might have been murdered

tzi and belongings well preserved

Clothes: three types of animal skins stitched together Leather shoes, woven grass cape, fur hat, backpack

Quiver with arrows, dagger, ax with copper blade

tzi the Iceman


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Summarize

How did the development of agriculture

affect Neolithic societies?

Answer(s):revolutionary changes; men and

women assumed different roles; led to towns,government, religion, trade

Documents

World History Ch. 1, Section 2 PP