World History II World History II SOL ReviewSOL ReviewUse these slides like flash Use these slides like flash cards to study for the SOL cards to study for the SOL

testtestWHII.9 – WHII.10WHII.9 – WHII.10

Outbreak of World War IOutbreak of World War I• What are the MAIN causes for What are the MAIN causes for

WWI?WWI?•MilitarismMilitarism•AlliancesAlliances•ImperialismImperialism•NationalismNationalism

World in 1914World in 1914• Where is the Where is the

powder keg? powder keg? (Balkan Peninsula)(Balkan Peninsula)

• What happens in What happens in Bosnia?Bosnia?• Archduke Archduke

Ferdinand of Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is Austria-Hungary is assassinatedassassinated..

AlliancesAlliances• Who was the leader of Germany?Who was the leader of Germany?

• Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II• With what country did Wilhelm ally?With what country did Wilhelm ally?

• AustriaAustria• What two divisions (alliances) emerge?What two divisions (alliances) emerge?

• Central Powers – Germany, Austria, Central Powers – Germany, Austria, Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

• Allied Powers – Great Britain, France, Allied Powers – Great Britain, France, Russia and later ItalyRussia and later Italy

MilitarismMilitarismWhat is mobilization?What is mobilization?

Preparing for war, Preparing for war, gathering weaponsgathering weapons

The mobilization of WHAT The mobilization of WHAT country threatened country threatened Germany?Germany?RussiaRussia

RESULT?RESULT?Germany declares war on Germany declares war on Russia and outlines a two-Russia and outlines a two-front war – Schlieffen Planfront war – Schlieffen Plan

What made WWI different?What made WWI different?• The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution

led to knew kinds of led to knew kinds of warfare – machine guns, warfare – machine guns, poison gaspoison gas

• How did this change life on How did this change life on the front?the front?• Soldiers create Soldiers create trenchestrenches for for

defensedefense• What was the result of What was the result of

trench warfare?trench warfare?• StalemateStalemate

World War IWorld War I• WHAT is the term for complete WHAT is the term for complete

mobilization of all resources?mobilization of all resources?• Total WarTotal War

• WHO did the French and British call on WHO did the French and British call on to help with the war effort?to help with the war effort?• Their colonies in Africa and South Their colonies in Africa and South

America.America.• WHAT drew the US into the war?WHAT drew the US into the war?

• Sinking of the Lusitania, Zimmerman Sinking of the Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram and relationship with BritainTelegram and relationship with Britain

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesWHAT was Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace?WHAT was Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace?• Fourteen PointsFourteen PointsWHAT did this plan propose?WHAT did this plan propose?• Disarmament, free trade, freedom of the seas, self-Disarmament, free trade, freedom of the seas, self-

determination, ban secret treaties & League of determination, ban secret treaties & League of NationsNations

WHERE was the peace plan discussed?WHERE was the peace plan discussed?• Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace ConferenceWHAT happened to the Austrian Empire?WHAT happened to the Austrian Empire?• Fell apart: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Fell apart: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland,

RomaniaRomania

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles& Germany& Germany

• What did the treaty require of Germany?What did the treaty require of Germany?• War GuiltWar Guilt• Huge reparationsHuge reparations• Limited militaryLimited military

• What was the result?What was the result?• Bitter resentment – later to be Bitter resentment – later to be

exploited by Hitlerexploited by Hitler• The US emerges as a huge power, The US emerges as a huge power,

takes isolationist stancetakes isolationist stance

What led to the Russian What led to the Russian Revolution?Revolution?

• Defeated in Russo-Japanese Defeated in Russo-Japanese warwar

• Landless peasantryLandless peasantry• Incompetence of Czar (Tsar) Incompetence of Czar (Tsar)

Nicholas IINicholas II• High casualties in WWIHigh casualties in WWI

What is the Russian What is the Russian Revolution?Revolution?

• Tsar Nicholas II steps down for Tsar Nicholas II steps down for provisional governmentprovisional government

• The Bolsheviks (Communists/Reds) The Bolsheviks (Communists/Reds) defeat the provisional govt. (whites). defeat the provisional govt. (whites).

• The Union of Soviet Socialist The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is formed.Republics (USSR) is formed.

• VI Lenin is the new Soviet leaderVI Lenin is the new Soviet leader

Interwar: League of Interwar: League of NationsNations

• US refuses to join – although US refuses to join – although the idea was President Wilson’sthe idea was President Wilson’s

• Creates MANDATE SYSTEM – Creates MANDATE SYSTEM – redistributing former German redistributing former German colonies and Middle Eastern colonies and Middle Eastern territories to the Alliesterritories to the Allies

What caused the Worldwide What caused the Worldwide Great Depression?Great Depression?

• Triggered by US Stock Market Triggered by US Stock Market Collapse in 1929Collapse in 1929

• US stops sending money to US stops sending money to EuropeEurope

• Supply far exceeded demandSupply far exceeded demand• Expansion of Protestant Expansion of Protestant

Movement - GenevaMovement - Geneva

What contributed to the What contributed to the Rise Rise of Dictatorships?of Dictatorships?

• Global depressionGlobal depression• Horrors of warHorrors of war• Revolutions bred Revolutions bred

fear of fear of Communism and Communism and instability of instability of governmentgovernment

WHICH dictator?WHICH dictator?• Formed and anti-communist party Formed and anti-communist party

in Italyin Italy• Founded Founded fascistfascist movement movement• Return to the glory of the Roman Return to the glory of the Roman

Empire Empire • Invaded EthiopiaInvaded Ethiopia• BENITO MUSSOLINIBENITO MUSSOLINI

WHICH Dictator?WHICH Dictator?• Had to revive flagging economyHad to revive flagging economy• Stirred public to nationalistic frenzyStirred public to nationalistic frenzy• Formed the National Socialist Formed the National Socialist

Workers’ Party (Nazi Party)Workers’ Party (Nazi Party)• Used communists, gypsies and Jews Used communists, gypsies and Jews

as scapegoats for national problemsas scapegoats for national problems• ADOLF HITLERADOLF HITLER

WHICH Dictator?WHICH Dictator?• Extreme nationalism fuels Extreme nationalism fuels

imperialismimperialism• An increased need for raw An increased need for raw

materials leads to invasion of materials leads to invasion of ManchuriaManchuria

• VERY militaristicVERY militaristic• HIDEKI TOJO (Emperor Hirohito)HIDEKI TOJO (Emperor Hirohito)

WHICH WHICH Dictator??Dictator??

• Took over when Lenin diedTook over when Lenin died• Increased strength of national economic Increased strength of national economic

system (differs from other dictators)system (differs from other dictators)• Five Year Plan (production) and Five Year Plan (production) and

collectivization of farmscollectivization of farms• Use Secret Police to quiet dissenters = Use Secret Police to quiet dissenters =

GREAT PURGEGREAT PURGE• JOSEF STALIN (economic system = JOSEF STALIN (economic system =

communism)communism)