WORLD WAR I

WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I

The Spark:Assassination of Archduke

Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

The Teams • Allied Powers

– Belgium– Serbia– England– Russia– France– Later Italy, and

U.S. and Japan• BSERF

• Central Powers– Bulgaria– Ottoman Empire– Germany– Austria-Hungary

• BOGA

The Coaches

Czar Nicholas II, Russia, George Clemenceau, FR David Lloyd George, GB Woodrow Wilson, US

Allied Powers

Central Powers

Franz Joseph, A-H Wilhelm II, Germany

Playing Field

Playing Field

• Eastern Front– Mostly in Russia,

along the German/Russian border

– Type of fighting used = more mobile

– Problems – neither side able to achieve a complete victory

– Battle lines changed often (fluid)

• Western Front– Mostly in France, along

German/French Border– Type of fighting used =

Trench Warfare– Problems = stalemate…

• Stalemate – deadlock, where neither side gains an advantage

– War of Attrition – no quick victory; each side tries to wear the other side down

German Plans to Attack France

German Plans to Attack France

1st Play: Schieffen PlanSchlieffen Plan – war plan for Germany, created by Alfred von Schlieffen

•Plan to avoid a two front war•Attack France through neutral Belgium•Defeat the French in 6 weeks before Russia can mobilize•Turn and fight Russia

Problems:•Heavily fortified areas in Belgium•Strong resistance from France•Russia mobilized quicker•Britain attacked from the north

1st Game: Battle of the Marne

• German’s advance into France

• Pushed back by French at Marne

• Stalemate and Trench Warfare begin

• Ends Schlieffen Plan

Which of the following correctly represents the Allied Powers

1. Austria-Hungary, Italy, Germany,

2. Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Belgium

3. Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary

4. Russia, France, Great Britain, Germany

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of the following describes the fighting on the western front?

1. Trench warfare, Stalemate

2. Mobile, Changing Battle lines

3. Fought primarily in Russia

4. Fought primarily in France

5. Both 1 and 46. Both 2 and 31 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of the following describes the Schlieffen Plan and its failure?

1. France’s plan to defeat Germany quickly; Belgium mobilized to quickly

2. Germany’s plan to avoid a two front war; Russia mobilized too quickly

3. Austria-Hungary’s plan to attack Serbia; Russia mobilized too quickly

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Trench Warfare

Diagram of the Trenches

Trench System

French soldiers firing over their own dead

All Quiet on the Western Front – trench warfare (9:27)

Do you think we have enough

food and supplies to

outlast them?

These lines haven't moved

for a year!

Do you think we have enough food and supplies to outlast

them?

These lines

haven't moved for

a year!

No-Mans land

Bellwork

• Explain the 4 phases of the Armenian Genocide

• Explain which picture depicts that phase and why.

Battle of Verdun•German attack on French

•Longest battle of WWI = 300 days

•Total casualties – 700,000

•No clear winner

•Stalemate

Battle of Somme

• British/French surprise attack against Germans

• British losses 1st day – 60,000 men

• Total Casualties – 1Million+

• No clear winner

• Stalemate

• Tank introduced

1st Game Eastern FrontBattle of Tannenberg

• Russia vs. Germany/Austria-Hungry• Russian Advantages

– Largest army (15:1 ratio Russian to German) • Not well trained• Lacked weapons

• Russian Disadvantages– Least industrialized – Lack of Modern Technology

• Who won?– GERMANS

Hyundai Commercial

• How does the commercial relate to the German and Russian forces?

• Who portrays Germany?

• Who portrays Russia?

Battle of Gallipoli

• Britain’s (Winston Churchill) Game Plan : – Open supply route to Russia– Capture Dardanelle Straight gaining access to

Black Sea– Eliminate the Ottoman Empire from the war

• Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire – promised land by A-H to defend

Dardanelle’s at all cost• Allies fail

Battle of Gallipoli

Weapons Webquest

• New inventions made WWI different then any other war that was previously fought

• WWI introduced:

– Submarines

– Airplanes

– Poison Gas

– Machine Guns

– Tanks

• Your Task

– Complete the Webquest located under my World History Files. Once Webquest is complete, describe the impact each weapon had on the war.

Dogfights

U-Boat

Poison Gas

Tanks

Trenches

America Enters WWI

America Neutral?

•Not our war

•Businesses could sell to both sides

•Recent immigrants from both sides

While watching the video

• List 4 reasons why the US enters WWI.

US Entry into WWI

Reason for US Entry• Ties to GB-Common Language and

culture

• Propaganda

• Sinking of the Lusitania

• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

• Zimmerman Note

Sinking of the Lusitania

– German u-boat torpedoes British passenger ship off Irish coast-May 7th, 1915

– 1200 die, 124 Americans

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

• German u-boats sink military, passenger, and merchant ships on sight

• 4 US ships sunk between Jan-Mar 1917

Zimmerman Note

• Note from German Foreign Minister to German Ambassador in Mexico– Convince Mexico to go

to war against US– Mexico to gain territory

lost in Mex-Am War– Prevent U.S. from

joining war in Europe– US declares war: April

2, 1917

America

Prepares for War

America At War

•American Expeditionary

Forces

“Dough Boys”

http://www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthere.htm

Exit Slip

• List two characteristics of the battles in WWI

• Describe two reasons why the US entered the WWI.

Pre-Revolutionary Russia

• Nicholas II became Tsar in 1884

• Only true autocracy left in Europe

• Believed he was the absolute ruler anointed by God

• No type of representative political institutions for workers

• Imperial Family ruled for 300 years

• Czar Nicolas was unprepared and foolish

• He was influenced by his German born wife, Alexandra, and his concern for his 4 daughters and his son, Aleksei, who had hemophilia

Aleksei: Alexandra’s Son with Hemophilia

The Revolution of 1905• Workers unhappy-had lost

the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-Poverty

• Workers were concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow

• Help from the countryside: poor peasants

• Duma-Legislative body-established-no real political power though

Alexandra: The Power Behind the Throne

• Alexandra was even more blindly committed to autocracy than her husband

• Rasputin a monk with supposed psychic powers had influence over her

• He seemingly cured Aleksei-hypnosis

• Scandals surrounding Rasputin served to discredit the monarchy-womanizer, alcoholic, affair with Czarina

• Video-Grigori Rasputin Biography

The Collapse of the Imperial Government

• Nicholas leaves for the Front—September, 1915

• Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into chaos-inflation, food and fuel shortages

• Rumors of an affair• Alexandra and other

high government officials accused of treason

The Collapse of the Imperial Government (cont)

• Rasputin assassinated in December of 1916

• Cyanide, shot 4 times, thrown into a river-still living

• Alexandra refused to receive assistance of the Russian Middle Class

• Wartime economy was completely mismanaged

The Two Revolutions of 1917

• The March Revolution (March 12)

• The November Revolution (November 6)

The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events

1. March Revolution• March 8th through 15th, 1917, there is rioting in

the streets of Petrograd (St. Petersburg) over a lack of food and fuel. (Clip-fall/Tsar)

• Government orders troops who are sent in to break up the riots

• The Soldiers refused to fire, and join the rioters.

Note: the March Revolution is not organized by the revolutionary intellectuals but by working people.


2. Abdication

• The Czar (Nicholas II) gives up the thrown

• Giving up the thrown is also known as abdication

• This ends the 300 year Romanov Rule

A new government will begin…


3. Provisional Government Established =

• Democracy – legislature made up of middle class• Alexander Kerensky –Prime Minister• Big Mistake: Didn’t withdraw from WWI• Challenged by Petrograd Soviet-Workers• Soviets– elective body of town workers• Menshevik –slow transition to communism• Bolsheviks-led by Lenin-immediate revolution

by intellectuals and creation of a communist state-Workers of the World Unite!


• Problems for the Provisional Government – Desertion– Worsening transportation– Drop in armament production– Weak

– All this leads to loss of support…– Soviets promote social reforms…


4. November Revolution =

• Bolshevik Beliefs – small number of intellectuals and workers lead a radical revolution against Noblemen/Lords and middle class

• Lenin – leader of Bolsheviks– Promised “Peace, Land, and Bread”– Withdraw from war, all peasants given land,

everyone would have enough to eat


• November Revolution Continued…• Coup d’etat – sudden overthrow of government

(Provisional government in Russia) by people from within a country

• Socialist State– Workers control of factories and mines– Land distribution to peasants– End private property– Create Equality

• Communists – name given to Bolsheviks based on the ideas of Karl Marx


5. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk =• Treaty to end fighting between Germany and Russia in

WWI.• Reasons Russia gets out:

– Lenin/communists take Absolute Power– Large number of troops being killed– Food shortages throughout the country– Wanted to focus on stabilizing the economy and creating equality

• Russia lose much of Western territory and 1/3 of population to Germany

• Germany can concentrate on Western Front – ends 2-Front war


6. Civil War (1918-1921) = • Reds (also known as communists) VS Whites (Army –

supporters of the Czar)

• Leon Trotsky – communist leader of the Red Army

– Used force and education to promote loyalty to communism

• Whites – received military aid from the Allies and the United States – why?

– Promised to defeat Reds quickly and get Russia back into WWI

• Villages burned, workers and peasants starved, economy worsened

• Lenin/Communists gain control by 1921


7. Imperial Execution (1918) =

• Czar Nicholas II and his family executed

• Video Rasputin song

Which of the following ends Russia’s participation in WWI?

0% 0%0%0%

1. Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

2. The creation of a provisional government

3. Lenin signed a deal with the US to continue a two front war

4. United States joins the war effort

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Who becomes the leader of the Bolsheviks and leads Russia out of the war?

0% 0%0%0%

1. Leon Trotsky

2. Joseph Stalin

3. Vladimir Lenin

4. Otto Von Bismarck

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Global War

• Resources and soldiers from colonies

• Fought in Asia and Africa - Allies gained German colonies

• British get help from Middle East colonies of Ottoman Empire conquered the Ottoman’s – expected independence at war’s end

Global War

• What did imperialized nations want?

1.Citizenship OR

2.Independence

• What was the outcome?– Didn’t gain independence, European empires

extended their empires at the expense of the colonies

End of War•Second Battle of the Marne (7/18) - Last Major German Offensive

•Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates

•Armistice – Agreement to end fighting 11:00am 11/11/18

Lives Lost

Russia 3.7 millionFrance 1.7 millionGreat Britain 995,000United States 117,000Germany 2.4 millionAustria 1.5 millionOttoman Empire 2.9 millionTotal Deaths 29 million6 million-mangled, disfigured, deformedTotal Casualties 37M

Wilson’s Fourteen PointsThree Goals:•Ensure lasting peace•Right to choose government•League of Nations – International body of representatives from each country with the purpose of maintaining peace1. Why did the US not want to join the League of Nations?

League of Nations Formed

• United States didn’t join– Congress feared it would

drag us into another war– Weakened the power of the

League of Nations– No power to enforce its

decisions

Paris Peace Conference

• 5 Separate Peace Treaties known as the Peace of Paris

• Central Powers not invited

• Big 4 - Allied Powers: Great Britain, US, France, Italy

Treaty of VersaillesGermany got a R.A.W. Deal• R.eparations – payments to victors

for war damages ($33B)• A.llied Punishments

– De-militarized Germany– Took Germany’s colonies– Gave Alsace Lorraine to France– Took Saar Basin (coal supplies)– Took Rhineland (buffer zone)

• W.ar Guilt – Germany had to accept total blame for the war

R.A.W.

Map of Europe Re-drawn

Yugoslavia – Serbia,Bosnia, HertzegoveniaMontenegro, Croatia, Slovenia

Created by the CongressOf Vienna - created nationalisticfeelings

Use the maps below to answer the questions on the last page. Cite specific examples to support your answers

WW ICausesWW II

Which of the following was not a condition of the Treaty of Versailles

Ger

man

y m

ust ta

ke ..

.

Ger

man

y m

ust p

ay re

...

Ger

man

colo

nies

will...

Ger

man

y m

ust d

e-m

ili...

0% 4%

96%

0%

1. Germany must take complete blame for the war

2. Germany must pay reparations

3. German colonies will become independent

4. Germany must de-militarize

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of the following is true regarding the League of Nations?

It w

as to

act

as

a pol

i..

It w

as to

act

as

a wor..

It w

as to

mai

ntain

int..

.

The

U.S. d

idn’t

join

Both

1 a

nd 2

Both

3 a

nd 4

4%0%

83%

4%0%

8%

1. It was to act as a police force around the world

2. It was to act as a world court

3. It was to maintain international peace

4. The U.S. didn’t join5. Both 1 and 26. Both 3 and 41 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which country was Yugoslavia made from

Ger

man

y

Russ

ia

Aust

ria-H

ungary

Otto

man

Em

pire

0%

21%

42%38%

1. Germany

2. Russia

3. Austria-Hungary

4. Ottoman Empire

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Why was WWI a cause of WWII

It c

reat

ed re

sentm

ent..

.

It c

reat

ed a

nger a

nd ..

.

It w

as m

eant t

o be

a...

The

US took

too m

uc...

0% 0%5%

95%1. It created

resentment and anger among Russians

2. It created anger and resent among Germans

3. It was meant to be a peace among equals, but failed

4. The US took too much territory

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Documents

WORLD WAR I