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World War I
Aim: How did World War I have devastating global effects?
http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/great%20war/great%20war%20%20pages/great%20war%20map%2002.htm
WWI – Battlefronts (copy)
Western Front (of Germany)• Germany vs France + Great Britain• Schleiffin Plan (go through neutral
Belgium)• Trench Warfare – leads to stalemate
and War of Attrition• Famous Battles: Verdun, Somme• USA joins by 1918 and make clear
“War of Attrition” will be Allies victory
Eastern Front (of Germany)• Germany + Austria-Hungary +
Ottoman Empire vs Russia + Great Britain (naval participation) + Arab Nationalists
• Areas of Battles: Russia, Black Sea region, Middle East/North Africa
• Russian casualties high – poor technology
• Famous Battles – Gallipoli• Russia leaves War by 1917 – Russian
Revolution
New technology
• Machine guns• Artillery (cannons) i.e. “Big Bertha”• Gas grenades• Transportation (trains, automobiles)• Communication (radios, telephones)• Tanks• Planes• Naval Units
http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/wwiweapons.pdfNew technology
War: Fantasy vs. Realilty
• The following slides are courtesy of:
• http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/realityofwar.ppt#1War: Fantasy vs. Realilty
By Miss Bougheywww.WeatherheadHistory.ik.org www.SchoolHistory.co.uk
The British government wanted to encourage men to enlist for war.
They said the war would be safe, hardly any fighting, a good lark and over by Christmas.
They used advertising posters to encourage this idea!
A picture of soldiers going ‘Over the Top’
The reality of ‘going over the top’ was very different!
Soldiers were expected to carry all of their equipment with them at all times.
They were supposed to keep it clean and in good condition – they were British after all.
How the uniform and equipment changed after just three weeks in the
trenches…
Posters always showed men ready and willing to fight.
They never showed the boredom of the trenches or actual fighting taking place.
Why do you think the government showed no fighting?
No smiling and relaxed faces…
No clean uniforms…
Their equipment is scattered everywhere…
Boredom and sleep are obvious…
The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats.
These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.
http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchrats.pdf
• Initially believed to be a symptom of poor morale by military authorities, 'trench foot' was in fact a fungal infection of the feet brought on by prolonged exposure to damp, cold conditions allied to poor environmental hygiene.
http://www.firstworldwar.com/atoz/trenchfoot.htm
http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchrats.pdf
THE RATS
Google images
http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchrats.pdf
A HOPELESS SITUATION
http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchrats.pdf
http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/bodylice.pdf
TRENCH WARFARE
http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchesmiddle.pdf
ANATOMY OF A TRENCH
http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trencheslower.pdf
POETS OF THE GREAT WAR
By Ms Stubbs Downloaded from www.SchoolHistory.co.uk
http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/wilfredowen.ppt
The Dead (1914)
R. Brooke
Poetry from the First World War was written by soldiers who served at the Western Front.
• They saw the horrors of War first hand.
• They wrote about what they really saw.
• Their poems were published just after the war, so they were not censored. They are
first hand and often unbiased sources.
All Quiet On the Western Front
• By:
WILFRED OWENWilfred Owen is one of the more famous War Poets.
He was (British) born March 18th, 1893.
He joined the Army in 1915 as an Officer in the “Artists
Rifles”.
Wilfred Owen served in some of the worst conditions during
the following months.
DULCE ET DECORUM EST
By Wilfred Owen
Dulce et Decorum Est
Bent double like old beggars under sacks,
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,
Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs
And towards our distant rest began to trudge.
November 4th, 1918:
Owen and his men went ‘over the top’. He was shot and killed by German machine guns on the banks of the
Sambre-Ouse Canal (Northern France).
The War ended just a week later on November 11th.
Wilfred Owen was 25 years old.
Compare the poems of Brooke and Owen, specifically with their attitudes toward war.
Brooke Owen
Why did the U.S. enter World War I?
• President Wilson had wanted the U.S. to remain neutral and not get pulled into World War I.
• Wilson's Declaration of Neutrality
Rising Tensions
• In 1915 a German U-Boat sank The Lusitania, a British passenger liner.
• 124 Americans were killed on board this ship.• The Germans tried to prevent shipments from
reaching the British and attacked U.S. merchant ships en route to Britain.
• This all shifted American opinion against Germany.
• Wilson's note to Germany
http://rutlandhs.k12.vt.us/jpeterso/uboatcar.htm
The Zimmerman Telegram
• The Zimmerman Note (Background and the telegram itself).
http://rutlandhs.k12.vt.us/jpeterso/MOREWW1/ZMMRMN.JPGThe U.S. entered the War on April 2, 1917
When it was all over…
• More than 8.5 million were dead• 17 million wounded• Famine and disease were widespread in many regions.• http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/• The financial cost of the war is said to have amounted to
almost $38 billion for Germany alone; Britain spent $35 billion, France $24 billion, Russia $22 billion, USA $22 billion and Austria-Hungary $20 billion. In total the war cost the Allies around $125 billion; the Central Powers $60 billion. (Firstworldwar.com)
