Political Results of WWII Germany, Italy & Japan met complete military defeat; Their totalitarian systems were

__________________ Great Britain and France ___________________ as world powers & gradually relinquished their

empires The U.S. and the Soviet Union emerged as major world powers & soon came into conflict:

________________ The Soviet Union acquired an empire of Communist ___________________________ The Iron Curtain represented Europe’s __________ into mostly ______________ Western Europe

and ________________ Eastern Europe The atomic age created problems of achieving international control of _________________

weapons and delivery systems Atlantic Charter (1941) - Stated that Britain & the United States:

o Desired no __________________________________o Respected the right of all peoples to choose their own ____________________o Believed that nations must ____________________ the use of forceo Seek to establish a system of general security – implying an

____________________ organization Yalta Conference (Feb, 1945) – Decisions:

o Divided Germany & Berlin into __________________o Stalin agreed to ________________ in Eastern Europeo Procedures for _____________ in the United Nationso Allies to send delegates to San Francisco to prepare the United Nations

_____________ San Francisco Conference (April-June, 1945)

o Completed the United Nations __________________o The United States would provide the ___________________ for the United Nations

The Cold War: Post-WWII Era

STEPS TO THE

U.N.

PURPOSE OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Maintain international peace & _______________

Use collective action to remove threats & suppress acts of _______________

Develop friendly relations among _____________

Promote respect for ___________________ without distinction as to race, sex or religion

Encourage ___________________________ to solve economic, social, cultural & humanitarian

ORGANIZATION OF THE UN

General Assembly - consists of all member nations; Totals _______ nations

Security Council - consists of ___ members ____ permanent members (original members:

United States, G.B., France, Soviet Union & China) ____ non-permanent members; Elected by the

General Assembly for ____________ terms Voting must be approved by 9 members (5 must

be permanent) Powers of the Security Council Investigate disputes that endanger ______________ Make _____________________ for peaceful

settlement If necessary, call upon the members of the UN to

take economic or military action against an ____________ nation

The United States World’s richest country Cities and factories

remained intact Encourage democracy and

___________________ communism _________________ European

governments to promote trade Reunite Germany to _______________ it

and Europe

The Soviet Union 50 times more deaths Many Soviet cities were

destroyed Encouraged worldwide

________________________ Protect its borders by

controlling __________________ Europe

Keep Germany ________________ to prevent its

Policy of Containment; Began in _________o American policy that attempted to ___________________ to its current bordero Continued throughout the Cold War

The Truman Doctrine (1945)o Truman went before a joint session of Congress to appeal for ________________

in aid to Greece & Turkeyo Why? - To ____________the further ____________of communism

The Marshall Plan (1948-1951)o Named after Secretary of State George Marshall; A “_______________” programo $_______________ in aid was sent to Western European nations

NATO (1947): ______________________________________________o Military _______________ with the purpose of defending all members from

outside attacko Who was in NATO? (10 Western European Nations + U.S. & Canada)

Warsaw Pact (1955) Formed in _________________ against NATO Who was in the Warsaw Pact? (Soviet Union, E. Germany, Czech, Poland,

Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania) Berlin Airlift (June, 1948) GB, France & the U.S. consolidated ______________________ In retaliation, Soviet troops blockaded highways, railways & shut off West Berlin’s

____________ To aid the people, British & American planes spent 11 months dropping

_________________… The blockade was ____________ in 1949

The Cold War: Decade - 1940’s

Definition:A struggle over ________________________ between the U.S. and the Soviet Union carried on by means short of direct military action or war

How was it “fought”?Spying, propaganda, diplomacy, ________________, secret operations and foreign aid

What Was The Cold War?

Two Superpowers: Different Goals!

1940’s

Stalin died in 1953; replaced by ________________ “De-Stalinization”: _______________ some of Stalin’s policies

o Promised better wages o More consumer goodso More ________________ to artists & intellectualso Reduction of _____________ by the secret “police”

Peaceful Coexistence: Khrushchev’s policy to compete with the West but avoid war o Encouraged nations to follow _______________o Improved housing conditionso Increased production of consumer goodso Put emphasis on ___________________research

The Hydrogen Bomb (H-Bomb) o Thousands of times more _______________ than Atomic bombo U.S. tested first H-bomb in ________; __________ tested H-bomb in 1953

The Space Race o Began in 1957 when the Soviets launched ____________o The U.S. “retaliated” soon aftero Created __________ (National Aeronautics & Space Administration)o Began to put a greater emphasis on _______________________ in the classroom

Dwight D. Eisenhower became president in 1952 o His Secretary of State was John ___________o Implemented the policies of massive retaliation and _______________

(willingness to go to the brink, or edge of war) Cuba & Communism:

o Batista was overthrown by ___________________o Eisenhower cuts off ____________ to Cubao Castro turns to ____________ for supporto CIA begins training non-communist Cuban exiles to ___________ the

government in Cuba…(to be continued) The Korean War (1950-1953)

The Cold War: Decade - 1950’s

1950’s

Communists Mao Zedong = _________ of

Communists Won loyalty of ____________ through

promoting literacy & improving food production

By 1945 Communists controlled most of ________________ China

Nationalists Jiang Jieshi (also known as Chang Kai-

shek) = Leader of _______________ Dominated southwestern China U.S. sent ______________________ to

Nationalists to help fight Japanese BUT…fought very little against Japanese

Won loyalty of ____________ through Civil war ____________ when World War II ended U.S. continued to back ________________ with aid,

but they lacked support of people – China __________ to Communists

TWO CHINAS : Nationalists flee to island of _____________ and

establish a new gov’t (with help of US) called the __________________

Mao Zedong/Communists gain control of China and establish _______________________________

_________________ give financial, military, and technical aid to Communist China

End of WWII North Korea: Occupied by ________________; Communist South Korea: Occupied by _________________; Non-Communist Divided by ____________________Korean War Begins 1950, North Koreans (with help from Soviets) _____________South

Korea South Korea asked the _________________ and the United Nations for

help US helps out under General _______________ UN forces push _______________ across the 38th Parallel Neared China…So the CHINESE army ____________ North Korean forces

(why?)Results of War A ________________ agreement was signed in July, 1953

The Cold War: Communism Spreads into Asia

CHINESE CIVIL WAR

Before World War II, the Chinese were fighting a brutal civil war

Chinese _______________vs. Chinese _________________ During WWII these two groups temporarily __________ to

fight the Japanese…but they continued to try to gain

VS.

People’s Republic of China

Republic of China (Taiwan)

The Korean War: The Forgotten War

Background 1900s – _________________ controlled Vietnam Nationalist Leader _______________________ asked for communist help France then fought the __________________ Nationalist and Communist forces United States supported ____________________ French _______________________to Ho Chi MinhDivision Peace Conference: Vietnam was divided at ________ parallel North – __________________; South - ____________________ Sound familiar? Vietcong – communist ______________ who continued to fight for power in south Should the U.S. get involved? U.S. saw a rising ____________ to the rest of Asia… The Domino Theory: Idea that if a nation falls to communism, ______________ will also

fall to communismU.S. Troops Enter Fight 2 US ______________ were allegedly attacked by North Vietnamese 1964: Congress ________________ president to send in troops

o By 1965, more than 185,000 U.S. soldiers in Vietnamo By 1968 – more than ________________

US had most ________________ military in the world BUT…o Guerrilla war in ______________ jungle territoryo South Vietnamese gov’t became unpopularo War ________________ in the US

Results US troops _____________ pulled out (last left in 1973)

o ______ million Vietnamese dead; _______________ Americans dead Saigon capital became: “__________________________” ______________ today; However, trade is welcomed there

The Vietnam War

Leadership of the 1960s ______________________ (U.S.: 1960 –1963) ______________________ (Soviet Union: 1953-1964)Flexible Response The U.S. can respond to aggression across a ________________________

of warfare; not only to nuclear arms Called for building up stock of ________________ weapons Began with the construction of ______________ (Intercontinental

Ballistic Missiles)Bay of Pigs Invasion (April, 1961) ____________ invasion by anti-Castro Cuban exiles ______________! No air support Americans embarrassed since JFK & CIA ________________

the invasionCuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962) Major confrontation between the US & USSR ______________________________ site discovered in Cuba Kennedy placed _____________________ on the island Khrushchev agreed to _____________ missiles A “Hot Line” was established between the White House and the

Kremlin US agreed to remove nuclear weapons from ______________Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall began construction in 1961 ____________________________________; What does this mean for

Leadership of the 1970s ______________________ (US: 1969 –1974) ______________________ (USSR: 1964-

1982) Policy of Détente: A policy of

“_________________” in the relations between the US and Soviet Union

This DOES NOT mean that the US stopped fighting communism…just relaxed…

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (___________) The US & the USSR signed a 5 year

agreement ________________________________ of

Leadership of the 1980s ______________________ (US: 1981 –1989) ______________________ (USSR: 1985-1991) Gorbachev’s Policies

o Glasnost (openness); _______ flow of ideas

o Perestroika (economic restructuring); Small businesses _________________ to open

Fall of the Berlin Wall By the late 1980s, the East Germans were

furious that their government had completely closed its ____________; no one could __________; Horrible conditions – _______________!

On November 9, 1989 the Berlin Wall was By December 1991, all satellite nations had declared ____________________ from the Soviet Union

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): _____________ federation of the former USSR Marks the _____________________ of the Soviet Union

The Cold War: Decades - 1960’s – 1990’s

1960’s

1970’s

1980’s

1990’s