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World War II, 1939–1945
QUIT
Chapter OverviewChapter Overview
Time LineTime Line
Visual SummaryVisual Summary
SECTION Hitler’s Lightning War1
SECTION Japan Strikes in the Pacific2
SECTION The Holocaust3
SECTION The Allies Are Victorious 4
SECTION The Devastation of Europe and Japan 5
32CHAPTER
MAP
GRAPH
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Chapter Overview
The expansionist designs of Germany and Japan lead to worldwide conflict. After initial defeats in Europe and the Pacific, the Allies are victorious but at the cost of millions of lives and the economic and political devastation of Europe and Japan.
32CHAPTER World War II, 1939–1945
1939 Germany invades Poland.
1940 France surrenders to German; Battle of Britain begins.
1943 Allies defeat Japan at Guadalcanal.
1944 D-Day invasion occurs.
1945 (May) Germany surrenders. (Aug.) Atomic bombs dropped; Japan surrenders.
32CHAPTER
Time Line
1939 1945
HOME
1941 (June) Germans invade Soviet Union. (Dec.) Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
World War II, 1939–1945
Hitler launches a surprise attack on Poland, overruns much of Europe, and invades Russia. Britain survives to fight on alone, aided by arms from the United States.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Hitler’s Lightning War 1
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MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Using the sudden, mass attack called the blitzkrieg, Germany overran much of Europe and North Africa.
Hitler’s actions set off World War II. The results of the war still affect the politics and economics of today’s world.
Overview
Hitler’s Lightning War 1
AssessmentAssessment
• nonaggression pact
• blitzkrieg
• Charles de Gaulle
• Winston Churchill
• Battle of Britain
• Atlantic Charter
TERMS & NAMES
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MAP
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify the effects of each of the early events of World War II that are listed below.
Hitler’s Lightning War 1
Section 1 Assessment
continued . . .
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MAP
Cause Effect
First blitzkrieg
Allies stranded at Dunkirk
British radar detects German aircraft
Lend-Lease Act
The fall of Poland
338,000 soldiers saved
British forces leave Western Europe.
British able to hold off German occupation
U.S. supplied Allies with war goods.
U.S. decision to favor the Allies
2. Great Britain and the Soviet city of Leningrad each fought off a German invasion. Other countries gave in to the Germans without much resistance. What factors do you think a country’s leaders consider when deciding whether to surrender or to fight? THINK ABOUT
Section
Hitler’s Lightning War 1
1 Assessment
• the country’s ability to fight • the costs of resisting • the costs of surrendering
ANSWERANSWER
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continued . . .
Section
Hitler’s Lightning War 1
1 Assessment
Ability to Fight: army large enough to fight the enemy, sufficient weapons
Costs of Resisting: major civilian and military deaths, destruction of property, economic chaos
Costs of Surrendering: enemy control of the government, repression of the population
Possible Responses:
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MAP
End of Section 1
Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor draws the United States into the war. Initial Japanese victories in the Pacific are overturned as U.S. naval forces fight back, gaining the offensive.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Japan Strikes in the Pacific
2HOME
Japan Strikes in the Pacific
2
Carving out an empire, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and brought the United States into World War II.
World War II established the role of the United States as a leading player in international affairs.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Isoroku Yamamoto
• Pearl Harbor
• Battle of Midway
• Douglas MacArthur
• Battle of Guadalcanal
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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Japan Strikes in the Pacific
2
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List four major events of the war in the Pacific between 1941 and 1943.
Section 2 Assessment
continued . . .
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Event 1:
Event 2:
Event 3:
Event 4:
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor
United States bombs Tokyo
Battle of Midway
Battle of Guadalcanal
Japan Strikes in the Pacific
2
2. Judging from the effects of the attack on Pearl Harbor, do you think Yamamoto made a wise decision in bombing Pearl Harbor? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
Section 2 Assessment
• Yamamoto’s goals in the bombing • United States involvement in World War II • the effects of the bombing
ANSWERANSWER
Wise: If the Japanese did not destroy the U.S. Pacific fleet, it would have been used against them.
Unwise: If the Japanese did not bomb Pearl Harbor, the United States may never have entered the war.
continued . . .
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Possible Responses:
Section
Japan Strikes in the Pacific
2
2 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
Geography: The Pacific region is so huge that it would be difficult to build an empire.
European/American Interests: The United States and certain European countries had military posts in the Pacific.
Psychological Factors: After the bombing of Tokyo, Yamamoto had to deal with shaken Japanese confidence.
Possible Responses:
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End of Section 2
3. What do you think Yamamoto’s biggest problems were in building the Japanese empire in the Pacific?THINK ABOUT
• geographical problems • European/American interests in the Pacific • psychological factors
Nazi persecution of Jews throughout Germany and the conquered nations leads to Hitler’s “Final Solution”: the mass extermination of 6 million of Europe’s Jews.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
The Holocaust 3HOME
During the Holocaust, Hitler’s Nazis killed 6 million Jews and 5 million other “non-Aryans.”
The violence against Jews during the Holocaust led to the founding of Israel after World War II.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Aryans
• Holocaust
• Kristallnacht
• ghettos
• “Final Solution”
• genocide
The Holocaust 3
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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The Holocaust 3
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Give examples of Nazi persecutions.
Section 3 Assessment
continued . . .
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Nazi Persecutions
Nuremberg Laws
Genocide of JewsPersecution of gypsies, Poles, Russians, homosexuals, the insane, the disabled, the ill
Concentration camps
Burning of Jewish businesses, homes,
and synagogues
The Holocaust 3
Section 3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
Treatment: The people of Germany were afraid for their lives.
Propaganda: It tried to convince Germans that Jewish people were subhuman.
Conditions: A repressive dictatorship
Possible Responses:
2. Why do you think German soldiers and the German people went along with the Nazi policy of persecution of the Jews? THINK ABOUT
• Nazi treatment of those who disagreed • Nazi propaganda
• the political and social conditions in Germany at the time
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End of Section 3
The Allies invade Europe as the Soviet Union drives the Germans westward, leading to Germany’s final defeat. Japan surrenders following an atomic bomb attack by the United States.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
The Allies Are Victorious
4HOME
Led by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, the Allies scored key victories and won the war.
The Allies’ victory in World War II set up conditions for both the Cold War and today’s post-Cold War world.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Erwin Rommel
• Bernard Montgomery
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Battle of Stalingrad
• D-Day
• Battle of the Bulge
• kamikaze
The Allies Are Victorious
4
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the outcomes of the four World War II battles listed below.
The Allies Are Victorious
4
continued . . .
Section 4 Assessment
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Battle Outcome
Battle of El Alamein
Battle of Stalingrad
D-Day Invasion
Battle of the Bulge
Rommel’s army defeated in North Africa
Held by Soviets
Allies held beachheads
Allies eventually pushed Germans back
Section 4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
2. Based on what you have read in this section, how do governments gather support for a war effort on the home front? THINK ABOUT
• the economy • forms of propaganda
The Allies Are Victorious
4
• individual participation in the war effort
• Rationing of materials (gasoline, metals, rubber, food, etc.) crucial to the war effort
• Collecting war materials donated by individuals
• Selling bonds to raise money for the war
• Using propaganda to paint themselves as fighters for right against evil enemies
Possible Responses:
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continued . . .
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The Allies Are Victorious
4
4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
Possible Responses:
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End of Section 4
Right: Dropping the bomb was an effective way to end the war in the Pacific.
Wrong: The atomic bomb caused a huge loss of civilian lives.
3. Do you think President Truman made the correct decision by ordering the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
• the likely consequences if the atomic bomb had not been dropped
• the destruction caused by the atomic bomb • World War II after the dropping of the atomic bomb
A ravaged Europe struggles to recover as the United States occupies Japan and begins to bring political change and stability.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
The Devastation of Europe and Japan
5HOME
GRAPH
World War II cost millions of human lives and billions of dollars in damages. It left Europe and Japan in ruins.
The United States survived World War II undamaged, allowing it to become a world leader.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
5
• Nuremberg Trials
• demilitarization
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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The Devastation of Europe and Japan
GRAPH
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare and contrast the aftermath of World War II in Europe and Japan.
Section 5 Assessment
5
continued . . .
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The Devastation of Europe and Japan
Europe only Japan onlyBoth
• Displaced persons looking for families
• Famine• Rise of communism
• Japanese emperor no longer a god
• Japanese people humiliated
• Radiation poisoning from the atomic bomb
• Destruction of land and property• Natural resources depleted
• Heavy loss of life• Major cities in shambles
GRAPH
5
Section 5 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
• People lost faith in leaders of the past who had participated in starting or conducting the war.
• Communism promised food and prosperity to people who had none.
Possible Responses:
2. Why do you think that many Europeans favored communism directly following World War II? THINK ABOUT
• World War II destruction • pre-World War II governments • economic concerns
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The Devastation of Europe and Japan
End of Section 5
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