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World War II. The Power of Good and Evil. It is the evening of October 5, 1937. You turn on the radio and hear a voice that sounds familiar- it’s President Franklin Roosevelt. “The peace, the freedom and the security of ninety percent of the - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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World War IIThe Power of Good and Evil
It is the evening of October 5, 1937. You turnon the radio and hear a voice that sounds familiar-it’s President Franklin Roosevelt. “The peace, thefreedom and the security of ninety percent of thepopulation of the world are being jeopardized bythe remaining ten percent,” Roosevelt says.You think about what the President is saying. Afew nations are putting the rest of the world indanger. You turn the volume up. We aredetermined to keep out of war,” Roosevelt says,“yet we cannot insure ourselves against thedisastrous effects of war and the danger ofinvolvement.” That sounds bad. He’s saying that the UnitedStates may be forced to go to war. You wonder howthis news will affect your future.
Essential Question:
Should the US intervene in foreign affairs when the lives and safety of others are at stake?
What was Europe like in the 1920s and 1930s?
How were leaders like Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler able to gain and keep power in their societies?
Daily Essential Question
The Great Depression began in the United States but quickly spread to other parts of the world
Many Europeans lost confidence in their governments and turned to new leaders who promised to make their troubles disappear.
Even at the price of giving up their freedom
WHAT’S GOING ON AROUND THE WORLD
•blamed the Treaty of Versailles•huge debts to repay after losing World War I•money was worthless•angry that other European countries were still armed but the peace treaty forbid them to have arms
Germany
Check for Understanding What was Europe like in the 1920s and
1930s?
How did Germans react to the Treaty of Varsailles?
Democracy vs.Dictatorship
Form of government where the ruler has complete control
They are not restricted by a
constitution, laws, or opposition.
Individual freedoms are denied.
Gain and keep control through military aggression
The word democracy comes from Greek and means “rule of the people.”
Form of government where the people take part in governing.
Individual freedoms
Leaders are bound by laws and a constitution.
Which form of government do you think is best?
What would make a person willing to give up his/her freedoms?
Turn and Talk
The Rise of European Dictators
Axis Powers:GermanyItalyJapan
Leader of Germany Axis Powers Rose to power as a result of
the Depression Used military aggression to
gain power Leader of the Nazi Party
who believed in facism (needs of state above individual)
Believed German race was superior to other races
Hated many groups of people, especially Jews
Responsible for the Holocaust
Adolf Hitler
Hitler’s Goal?
Leader of Italy Dictator Came to power as a
result of the Depression
Part of the Axis Powers
Benito Mussolini
Prime Minister of Japan
Government=military dictatorship
Japan’s leader was a dictator
Wanted to secure its economic prosperity by controlling the Far East
General Tojo
Adolf Hitler
Who’s Who? Leader of Germany Part of the Axis Powers Rose to power as a
result of the Depression Leader of the Nazi Party Believed German race
was superior to other races
Set out to get rid of all Jewish people (Holocaust)
Fascism form of government
Benito Mussolini
Who’s Who? Leader of Italy Dictator Came to power as
a result of the Depression
Part of the Axis Powers
General Tojo
Who’s Who? Prime Minister of
Japan Japan had a militaristic
government; dictatorship
Japan’s leader was a dictator
Wanted to secure its economic prosperity by controlling the Far East
Check for UnderstandingWhy was Hitler a threat to other European nations?
How were leaders like Hitler and Mussolini able to gain and keep power in their societies?
Leader Country Allied/AxisAdolf Hitler
Winston ChurchillBenito MussoliniJoseph StalinFranklin D. Roosevelt
Leaders of the Allied Powers
Who’s Who
Leader of the US during WWII
US eventually became part of the Allied Powers
Led a democracy Wanted the US to stay
out of the war - neutrality
When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, FDR declared war
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Leader of Great Britain (England or United Kingdom)
Part of the Allied Powers
Led a constitutional monarchy
Winston Churchill
Leader of Russia Dictator Led a communist
form of government Although he was
also a dictator, he was opposed to Hitler
Part of the Allied Powers
Joseph Stalin
Winston Churchill
Who’s Who? Leader of Great
Britain (England or United Kingdom)
Part of the Allied Powers
Led a democracy
Joseph Stalin
Who’s Who? Leader of Russia Dictator Led a communist
form of government
Opposed to Hitler Part of the Allied
Powers
Franklin Roosevelt
Who’s Who? Leader of the US
during WWII US became part of
the Allied Powers Led a democracy Wanted the US to
stay out of the war When US was
bombed (Pearl Harbor) FDR declared war
United States
Great Britain
Russia
Allied Powers
Leader Country Allied/AxisAdolf Hitler
Winston ChurchillBenito MussoliniJoseph StalinFranklin D. Roosevelt
Daily Essential Question What factors contributed to the start of
World War II?
Why would these dictators be a threat to other European nations?
Nationalism ◦ Love for one’s country and desire to have it free
from the control of another Imperialism
◦ Extending rule or authority over another country by acquiring and holding colonies
Vocab. Review
Where are the Axis Powers??
JapanItaly
German
y
Time to Discuss!! What countries were part of the Axis Powers? Where were they located?
Germany, Italy, and Japan were imperalistic (gaining power by taking over other countries)
Formed an alliance in 1936—Axis Powers
Events leading to war in the European Theater
•Invaded Czechoslovakia and Austria, Ethiopia, China (1931-19390
•European leaders reaction-- appeasement (giving in to their demands in order to prevent war)
•Germany invaded Poland
Great Britain and France declared war on Germany
Analyze It
1. Who does the largest figure depict?
2. What is he doing?
3. Who agree with the message of this cartoon?
•Germany invaded France and defeated them
•Constant bombing of Great Britain—Battle of Britain(July 1940 – May 1941)
•Germany broke agreement with Stalin & invaded USSR (Russia)(1941)
Should the United States sell arms to other nations?
Should the US get involved?
Daily Essential Question
Should the US get involved??
Winston Churchill, the leader of the British government, urged President Roosevelt to help Great Britain.
Most Americans wanted to stay out of the fighting.
The country was still suffering from the Great Depression.
They wanted to focus on their own troubles.
There was strong support for the policy of isolationism.
Think:What do you see in
this political cartoon?
What message do you think this cartoon is conveying?
Pair:Pair with with your
shoulder partner and share your answers.
Share:Discuss responses
with the class.
Time to Discuss!
Can you be involved without being involved?
Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act – March 1941
What was the lend-lease act?
The Pacific Theater
The War Hits Home Even though many Americans
wanted to stay out of the war, other events occurred that drew the US in.
On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes bombed the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Bombs sank American warships and destroyed American planes.
Thousands of American soldiers, sailors, and civilians were killed.
People who had wanted to remain isolated, now wanted to declare war on Japan.
We declare war… The United States House of Representatives
and Senate voted to declare war on Japan.
Germany and Italy quickly declared war on the United States.
The United States was now one of the Allies.
War on Two Fronts
European Theater
Pacific Theater
The End of the Depression Roosevelt called on factory owners and workers
to focus on making military equipment.
Automobile companies stopped making cars and starting making military tanks and trucks.
The US airplane industry grew rapidly becoming the biggest industry in the world!
What was the effect of this increase in production?
It created millions of jobs and as a result the Great Depression ended.
Weapons of World War 2
Weapons Communication Aviation•Albert Einstein told Roosevelt that is might be possible to build a very powerful bomb.
•Einstein also warned that Germany was working on one.
•By 1945, the US had two atomic bombs ready.•This arms race resulted in government spending which stimulated the economy.
•Secret codes were used to send messages during WW11.
•Computers were invented to crack the enemy’s code.
•This helped the allies win the war.
•Bombers were improved during WWII.
•They could fly farther.
•The bombers had radar which allowed pilots to spot enemy planes.
•These improvements also led to commercial flights.