WORLD WAR II CHAPTER 20. Mobilizing For War U.S. began to convert the economy to war materials American workers were twice as productive as German

WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II

CHAPTER 20CHAPTER 20

Mobilizing For WarMobilizing For War

U.S. began to convert the economy to war materials

American workers were twice as productive as German and five times that of Japanese

Henry Stimson - Sec. of War

U.S. began to convert the economy to war materials

American workers were twice as productive as German and five times that of Japanese

Henry Stimson - Sec. of War

Converting the EconomyConverting the Economy

Cost - plus contracts -- Gov. would pay cost and % of profits (no bids - too slow)

RFC - made loans to companies to convert1942 -- most were convertedTanks replace cars -- auto industry was easy to convert

Liberty Ship -- basic cargo ship used during the war

War Production Board -- controlled war materials

Cost - plus contracts -- Gov. would pay cost and % of profits (no bids - too slow)

RFC - made loans to companies to convert1942 -- most were convertedTanks replace cars -- auto industry was easy to convert

Liberty Ship -- basic cargo ship used during the war

War Production Board -- controlled war materials

WOMEN IN WORLD WAR IIWOMEN IN WORLD WAR II

Women and minorities had a very large role in the War effort.

Women’s army auxiliary corp

Oveta Culp Hobby -- first woman director

Women and minorities had a very large role in the War effort.

Women’s army auxiliary corp

Oveta Culp Hobby -- first woman director

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.



BUILDING AN ARMYBUILDING AN ARMY

Selective Service and Training Act-- first peace time draft

--set up after France surrendered to Germany (1940)

G.I. - Government IssueDouble “V” campaign -- newspaper said that blacks should join the war for 2 reasons

1. Against racism at home2. Against Hitler abroad

Selective Service and Training Act-- first peace time draft

--set up after France surrendered to Germany (1940)

G.I. - Government IssueDouble “V” campaign -- newspaper said that blacks should join the war for 2 reasons

1. Against racism at home2. Against Hitler abroad

BLACKS IN WORLD WAR IIBLACKS IN WORLD WAR II TUSKEGEE AIRMEN --99th pursuit squadron

African American Air force unit that trained in Tuskegee, Alabama

761st TANK BATTALION -- black unit under General Patton and fought the “Battle of the Bulge”

614th TANK BATTALION -- awarded 8 silver stars, 28 bronze stars, and 79 purple hearts

TUSKEGEE AIRMEN --99th pursuit squadron African American Air force unit that trained in Tuskegee, Alabama

761st TANK BATTALION -- black unit under General Patton and fought the “Battle of the Bulge”

614th TANK BATTALION -- awarded 8 silver stars, 28 bronze stars, and 79 purple hearts

THE EARLY BATTLES - sect. 2

THE EARLY BATTLES - sect. 2

PACIFIC Chester Nimitz -- commander of the U.S. navy

in the Pacific

Philippines -- shortly after

Pearl Harbor the Japanese

took these islandsDouglas MacArthur -- had to fleeTo Australia, but promised toreturn

PACIFIC Chester Nimitz -- commander of the U.S. navy

in the Pacific

Philippines -- shortly after

Pearl Harbor the Japanese

took these islandsDouglas MacArthur -- had to fleeTo Australia, but promised toreturn


WAR IN THE PACIFICWAR IN THE PACIFIC


Days after Pearl Harbor the Japanese were able to advance in SE Asia but soon the tide of the war would change in favor of the U.S.

Days after Pearl Harbor the Japanese were able to advance in SE Asia but soon the tide of the war would change in favor of the U.S.

Battle of the Philippines

Battle of the Philippines

Allied troops defending the Philippines held out as long as they could but eventually they were captured (April 9, 1942)

Bataan Death March -- 78,000 POWs marched 65 miles to a Japanese POW camp

Thousands died during the marchOthers fled to Corregidor island

Allied troops defending the Philippines held out as long as they could but eventually they were captured (April 9, 1942)

Bataan Death March -- 78,000 POWs marched 65 miles to a Japanese POW camp

Thousands died during the marchOthers fled to Corregidor island

Turning Point in the Pacific

Turning Point in the Pacific

June 4, 1942 - MidwayU.S. broke codes and waited for attack, shot down 38 planes

Allowed the U.S. to counterattack

Admiral Yamamoto’s plan failed

June 4, 1942 - MidwayU.S. broke codes and waited for attack, shot down 38 planes

Allowed the U.S. to counterattack

Admiral Yamamoto’s plan failed

Turning Point in Europe

Turning Point in Europe

Stalingrad (1942)--city in the Soviet Union91,000 Germans surrendered in house to house combat

George Patton -- commander of ground forces in North Africa

Dwight D. Eisenhower --overall commander in North Africa

Erwin Rommell “Desert Fox”- German commander in North Africa

Stalingrad (1942)--city in the Soviet Union91,000 Germans surrendered in house to house combat

George Patton -- commander of ground forces in North Africa

Dwight D. Eisenhower --overall commander in North Africa

Erwin Rommell “Desert Fox”- German commander in North Africa

Life on the Home Frontsect. 3

Life on the Home Frontsect. 3

WWII helped end the Depression - 19 million new jobs

Rosie the Riveter - campaign to hire women during WWII

A. Philip Randolph - head of union for African American R.R. workers

Forced Roosevelt to create the Fair Employment Practices Commission - hire more blacks

WWII helped end the Depression - 19 million new jobs

Rosie the Riveter - campaign to hire women during WWII

A. Philip Randolph - head of union for African American R.R. workers

Forced Roosevelt to create the Fair Employment Practices Commission - hire more blacks

More on sect. 3More on sect. 3

Bracero Program - “worker” brought 200,000 Mexican workers to help harvest fruits and veg.

Many people headed West and South for work - Sunbelt

2 million people lived in Gov. housingRacism became a large problem“Great Migration” - blacks moving out of the south

Zoot suits - suits became popular with Mexican Americans

Bracero Program - “worker” brought 200,000 Mexican workers to help harvest fruits and veg.

Many people headed West and South for work - Sunbelt

2 million people lived in Gov. housingRacism became a large problem“Great Migration” - blacks moving out of the south

Zoot suits - suits became popular with Mexican Americans

More on racismMore on racismZoot suit riots - sailors attacked Mexican teenagers, LA banned suits

Despite that -500,000 Hispanics joined the war effort

Feb. 19, 1942 - Roosevelt said U.S. cities could be war zones and relocated people of Japanese ancestery

Internment - Gov. took businesses & held 120,000 people

442nd Regimental Combat Team - all Japanese Battalion in WWII, highest decorated

JACL - Japanese American Citizens League - help interned Japanese (received $20,000 in 1988)

Zoot suit riots - sailors attacked Mexican teenagers, LA banned suits

Despite that -500,000 Hispanics joined the war effort

Feb. 19, 1942 - Roosevelt said U.S. cities could be war zones and relocated people of Japanese ancestery

Internment - Gov. took businesses & held 120,000 people

442nd Regimental Combat Team - all Japanese Battalion in WWII, highest decorated

JACL - Japanese American Citizens League - help interned Japanese (received $20,000 in 1988)

Daily LifeDaily Life

Office of Price Administration (OPA) - Gov. regulated prices to control inflation

Began rationing - limiting availability of products (meat, sugar, gasoline, rubber, etc.)

Blue coupons - controlled processed foodsRed Books - controlled meats, fats and oilsVictory Gardens - plant gardens in every spare area

War Bonds - (E bonds) - pay $18.75 and in 10 years get $25 back from the Gov.

Office of Price Administration (OPA) - Gov. regulated prices to control inflation

Began rationing - limiting availability of products (meat, sugar, gasoline, rubber, etc.)

Blue coupons - controlled processed foodsRed Books - controlled meats, fats and oilsVictory Gardens - plant gardens in every spare area

War Bonds - (E bonds) - pay $18.75 and in 10 years get $25 back from the Gov.

Pushing The Axis Back- sect. 4

Pushing The Axis Back- sect. 4

Bombing On Germany stepped up in 1943-1945 53,000 tons a month Northern Africa, Sicily, and Italy Eisenhower -- supreme commander Bernard Montgomery -- British General Patton -- ground force (tanks) Sicily July, 1943 -- amphibious landing Moved on to Italy Mussolini was removed and eventually killed Sept. 1943 Italy surrenders

Bombing On Germany stepped up in 1943-1945 53,000 tons a month Northern Africa, Sicily, and Italy Eisenhower -- supreme commander Bernard Montgomery -- British General Patton -- ground force (tanks) Sicily July, 1943 -- amphibious landing Moved on to Italy Mussolini was removed and eventually killed Sept. 1943 Italy surrenders

D- DAYD- DAY

Operation Overlord -- D-Day

Largest amphibious landing in history

Across the English channel into France

Operation Overlord -- D-Day

Largest amphibious landing in history

Across the English channel into France



D- DAYD- DAY

June 6, 1944Eisenhower was commander of Operation Overlord

Allies landed on 5 beaches (Omaha, Utah, Sword, Juno, and Gold)

7,000 troop carriers -- carrying 100,000 men

23,000 paratroopers dropped inland 30 miles

June 6, 1944Eisenhower was commander of Operation Overlord

Allies landed on 5 beaches (Omaha, Utah, Sword, Juno, and Gold)

7,000 troop carriers -- carrying 100,000 men

23,000 paratroopers dropped inland 30 miles

PacificPacific

Guadalcanal -- island in the Pacific, important allied victory to get MacArthur back

Leyte Gulf -- largest naval battle in history

Japan used kamikazes for the first time

Battle for the Philippines80,000 Japanese killed 100,000 Filipino killed

Guadalcanal -- island in the Pacific, important allied victory to get MacArthur back

Leyte Gulf -- largest naval battle in history

Japan used kamikazes for the first time

Battle for the Philippines80,000 Japanese killed 100,000 Filipino killed

Third Reich Collapses - sect. 5

Third Reich Collapses - sect. 5

8/25/44 After D-Day Americans are able to take back France

12/16/44 Battle of the Bulge -- Hitler’s one last offensive

Goal -- to cut off allied supply lines to Belgium

Patton brought in reinforcements -- 100,000 German casualties

At the same time Germans were pushing into Poland

Allies met outside Berlin, Germany 1945

8/25/44 After D-Day Americans are able to take back France

12/16/44 Battle of the Bulge -- Hitler’s one last offensive

Goal -- to cut off allied supply lines to Belgium

Patton brought in reinforcements -- 100,000 German casualties

At the same time Germans were pushing into Poland

Allies met outside Berlin, Germany 1945

TimelineTimeline

4/12/45 -- FDR dies of a stroke Harry S. Truman becomes President

4/30/45 -- Hitler and Eva Braun married the day before they committed suicide

5/7/45 -- Germany “unconditionally surrendered” to the allies

5/8/45 VE Day (victory in Europe)

4/12/45 -- FDR dies of a stroke Harry S. Truman becomes President

4/30/45 -- Hitler and Eva Braun married the day before they committed suicide

5/7/45 -- Germany “unconditionally surrendered” to the allies

5/8/45 VE Day (victory in Europe)

Back to the PacificBack to the Pacific

1944 -- B-29s bombed TokyoCurtis Lemay --commander of the B-29sCame up with the idea of using napalm (jellied gasoline)

Manhattan Project -- American program to start building the atomic bomb

Headed by Leslie GrovesLos Alamos, New Mexico -- secret society to build the bomb

J. Robert Oppenheimer -- head

1944 -- B-29s bombed TokyoCurtis Lemay --commander of the B-29sCame up with the idea of using napalm (jellied gasoline)

Manhattan Project -- American program to start building the atomic bomb

Headed by Leslie GrovesLos Alamos, New Mexico -- secret society to build the bomb

J. Robert Oppenheimer -- head

Atomic BombAtomic Bomb

Aug. 6, 1945 -- bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan

“Little Boy” Aug. 9, 1945 -- Bomb dropped on

Nagasaki, Japan “Fat Man”

150,000 - 200,000 people killed instantly

Aug. 6, 1945 -- bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan

“Little Boy” Aug. 9, 1945 -- Bomb dropped on

Nagasaki, Japan “Fat Man”

150,000 - 200,000 people killed instantly




End of the WarEnd of the War

8/15/45 -- VJ Day United Nations began in 1945

-- 50 countries came to the U.S. for peace

International Military TribunalNuremberg trials -- tried German leaders for war crimes

22 prosecuted -- 12 sentenced to death

8/15/45 -- VJ Day United Nations began in 1945

-- 50 countries came to the U.S. for peace

International Military TribunalNuremberg trials -- tried German leaders for war crimes

22 prosecuted -- 12 sentenced to death

Documents

WORLD WAR II CHAPTER 20. Mobilizing For War U.S. began to convert the economy to war materials American workers were twice as productive as German