WORLD WAR TWO US History | Unit 7

OBJECTIVES:

o Understand how the rise of

dictators in Europe

impacted global movement

towards WWII

o Become familiar with the

series of events leading to

US entrance into WWII.

o Understand life in America

during the war including

details on rationing and

discrimination

o Write a persuasive essay

regarding the bombing of

Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

o Create an original piece of

propaganda that accurately

reflects WWII.

o Understand events that led

to the end of WWII and the

global impact of this war

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Homework Unit 7: World War Two

Assessment Date:

[reminder: in order to earn full credit, all homework assignments

must be turned in prior to taking your assessment]

7.1 | Due: __________________

Pages 333-344

1. Explain why Stalin was called “man of steel”.

2. Provide details on the type of leader Mussolini was.

3. Describe Hitler as a leader.

4. Provide details on the leaders of Japan during WWII.

5. Explain why Britain and France engaged in appeasement with German.

6. Explain FDR’s Good Neighbor policy.

7. Blitzkrieg means “lightning war”. Explain why Germany used this style of warfare.

8. What countries made up the Axis Powers? Allied Powers?

9. Describe the Miracle of Dunkirk.

10. Provide three details on the Battle of Britain.

7.2 | Due: ___________________

Pages 344-355

1. Explain why many Americans supported isolationism.

2. What did the Nye Committee discover and how did it impact isolationist beliefs?

3. Explain the impact reporters like Edward R. Murrow had upon American’s opinions of war.

4. Provide details on the Lend-Lease Act.

5. Explain the Atlantic Charter.

6. Provide details on the aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

7. Provide details on the Bataan Death March. Pages 358-362

8. Why did FDR, Churchill and Stalin chose to focus on defeating Germany first?

9. Compare saturation bombing to strategic bombing.

10. Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

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Origins of WWII

What is a totalitarian

government?

How did the Treaty of

Versailles lead to WWII?

Why did the League of

Nations fail?

How were other nations

impacted by the Great

Depression? How did this

affect WWII?

The Rise of Dictators

Germany Italy Soviet Union Japan

Summary: What things were moving Europe closer to WWII?

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The Road to War in Europe

Germany begins mobilizing for war in ______________

Germany takes the ____________________ in 1936

Germany and Italy support fascist revolution in __________________

Italy invades __________________ and later takes Albania

Germany annexes __________________

Germany occupies the _______________________

_____________________ Pact signed

France and Britain were hesitant to enter another war, due to problems with WWI and war debt.

In 1938, France and Britain met with Hitler and allowed Germany to take Sudetenland if no

other land was taken – ______________________________

Germany takes over the rest of ___________________________

Germany and Italy form the __________________________________

_________________-German Non-Aggression Pact of 1939

Germany invades _____________________

_____________________ – “lightning war”

Britain and France __________________________ on Germany

___________________________________ acquires part of Poland and ports in the Baltic states

Germany, Italy and Japan sign the ________________________________ Pact

Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania ______________________ Axis – 1940

Denmark and Norway __________________ Germany – 1940

Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg __________________ Germany – 1940

Germany marches on _________________________, takes over ________________ – 1940

Vichy France

Germany attacks ____________________________

Battle of ________________________ – “the Blitz”

Germany invades Yugoslavia and ________________________________

Germany invades the _____________________________________

The Soviet Union allies with __________________________ and France

WWII | Alliances

Axis Powers Allied Powers

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Describe what is happening in

this map:

1. Explain why dictators rose to power in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s.

Describe how Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin were similar and different as leaders.

2. Explain the policy of appeasement. How did appeasement impact the starting of WWII?

3. The US and Great Britain’s objectives were different than the Soviet objectives for war. So, why did the US and

GB choose to align themselves with the Soviets?

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WWII: America Moving Towards War

Notes

Neutrality Laws

1. What were the key provisions of the Neutrality Act of 1935? Why do you think they were

included?

2. What provisions were added by the Neutrality Act of 1936? Why do you think these were

included?

3. What provisions were added by the Neutrality Act of 1937? Why do you think these were

included?

FDR and WWII

1. When President Roosevelt sent military aide to China, do you think he broke the law (Neutrality

Acts)? Why or why not?

2. How is the Neutrality Act of 1939 different than the Neutrality Act of 1937?

3. Why do you think President Roosevelt had to include the “cash and carry” provision of the

Neutrality Act of 1939?

4. With the “Destroyers for bases” deal, do you think President Roosevelt broke the law (Neutrality

Acts)? Why or why not?

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5. Explain the Lend-Lease Act. Do you agree, or disagree with President Roosevelt’s analogy?

Why?

6. America declared war on December 8, 1941. What year was the draft implemented? What is odd

about the timing of the draft? What conclusion can you draw from this?

Americans Debate Involvement Notes

Isolationists Interventionists

1. Do you think President Roosevelt was an Internationalist or an Isolationist? What evidence

supports your opinion?

2. Considering Nazi and Japanese expansion in the 1930s would you have been Isolationist or

Internationalists? Why?

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FDR Moves towards Involvement

Pearl Harbor Notes

Summer/Fall 1940

September 27, 1940

June 1941

September 1940 (two things)

March 1941

December 7, 1941

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The Home Front during WWII

Building an Army

In , after surrendered to , Congress passed

the Selective Service and Training Act (age 21-35)

This was the first draft in American history

By the end of the war over million men had served

About 5 million men and another 10 million were

_________________________

Converting the Economy

One of the key factors in America’s success in WWII was the high productivity of its industry.

Automobile factories began to produce .

The automobile industry produced nearly __________of the _________________ equipment

manufactured during the war.

The (WPB) could set production goals and control

the distribution of raw materials and supplies.

Life on the Home Front

____________________________________

_

________________________________(OP

A)

Created to stabilize wages and prices

__________________ many products to

make sure there were enough for the military

_____________________ and

_____________ were all restricted

Rationing

Each household would pick up a book of

ration coupons each month.

Blue coupons controlled

______________________________

Red coupons were for

______________________________

In order to buy food you had to have

enough ______________ [and

_____________ of course]

_____________________________

Americans were encouraged to plant

gardens to help support the war effort

Scrap Drives

government organized scrap drives to

collect certain raw materials

____________________________

____________________ were

collected in various forms

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Oil Collecting Stations

Oils and ____________ were

important to making ______________

________________________ and

meat drippings could be exchanged for

extra __________________________

The Cost of the War

US Gov spent more than ___________________________ during the war

more money than it had spent from Washington’s administration through the end of FDR’s

second term

____________ were raised

this only covered ___________ of the cost of the war

_________________________ were used to raise the rest of the money

American citizens bought _________________

Financial institutions bought ___________________

Women and Minorities

At the start of WWII, U.S. military was

completely ___________________

Military bases were integrated in

_________, but African Americans

were still organized into their own

military units

About _______________African Americans

and nearly ________________ Hispanic

Americans served in the military

___________ women joined the armed forces,

but were barred from ________________

Women had their own branches of services,

including:

Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (later

the Women's Army Corps or WAC),

the Women Airforce Service Pilots

(WASP), and

the Women Accepted for Volunteer

Military Services (WAVES)

About _____ of women who served in the

military during WWII held traditionally

"female" jobs as ________, clerks, and mail

sorters

On the home front, the war produced ____________________ new jobs which were increasingly filled

by women and minorities.

Eventually ________________________ women went to work in factories.

In 1941 FDR issued an executive order making discrimination in defense industries

or the government illegal.

Rosie the Riveter Details:

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WWII Propaganda

Background:

Guns, tanks, and bombs were the principal weapons of World War II, but there were other, more subtle

forms of warfare as well. Words, posters, and films waged a constant battle for the hearts and minds of the

American citizenry just as surely as military weapons engaged the enemy. Persuading the American public

became a wartime industry, almost as important as the manufacturing of bullets and planes. The

Government launched an aggressive propaganda campaign with clearly articulated goals and strategies to

galvanize public support, and it recruited some of the nation's foremost intellectuals, artists, and filmmakers

to wage the war on that front.

What is Propaganda?

Information, ideas, or rumors designed to influence the way you think and act; propaganda may "stretch

the truth" or it may not tell you "the whole truth"

Five Main Objectives of Propaganda

Recruitment of Soldiers: The objective is to convince Americans to join the army.

Financing the War Effort: The objective is to convince Americans to give money to the government to

help pay for the war. [for example: Buy War Bonds]

Unifying the Country Around the War Effort: The objective is to convince Americans that entering the

war is a good idea and to increase patriotism.

Conservation of Resources: The objective is to convince Americans to not waste resources. [for example:

Grow your own garden or Use less gasoline for your car.]

Increasing Support on the Home Front: The objective is to have those Americans that are not in the army

helping at home. All Americans can participate and help win the war. [for example: Women replace men

in factories to create weapons.]

Propaganda Techniques

Demonization: This is when the artist portrays an individual as a demon or some form of a monster.

Emotional Appeal: This is when the viewers emotions are being used in order to have them agree with the

message. [for example: Poster showing that thousands of Americans have died by the hands of the

Germans.]

Patriotic Appeal: This is when the artist appeals to the love of one's country. Usually has a country's flag

or some form of representation for that country. [for example: American Flag or American soldier.]

Name Calling: This is when the artist calls other group of people by derogatory names. [for example:

Germans are called Huns and the Japanese are called Japs. Japs has a bad connotation or meaning.]

Appeal to Fear: It seeks to build support and unites a group of people by instilling fear in the general

population. It scares Americans, for example, into believing that the war has to be fought otherwise they

will be invaded by monstrous Germans and Japanese.

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Catchy Slogan: The artist uses phrases or words in order to grab the viewer's attention. These slogans are

also very easy to remember and have a very clear message. It also plays on the prejudice or racism that

exists against these people. [for example: Remember the Lusitania!]

Bandwagon: When the audience is told that everyone else is doing it. It makes the audience (Americans)

want to be a part of the crowd and to not feel left out. [for example: poster saying that victory is inevitable,

so you should join and support the cause to be on the winning side.]

Describe Objective Technique

A

B

C

Task:

Create an original piece of World War II Propaganda

Must be a hand drawn by you, no tracing or copying (you may look at a picture to reference while

drawing)

Must be related to World War II and from the US perspective

Cannot be a recreation or modification of any existing propaganda

You should be encouraging people to do (or not do) something to help the war effort.

Come up with a good slogan for you poster (what it is you want people to do or not to do).

o The more catchy and unique your slogan is, the better your poster will be.

o Try things like rhyming, appealing to people’s emotions, appealing to patriotism, or

wording something in a unique way that will catch people’s attention.

Next decide how you are going to illustrate your poster.

o You will not be graded on artistic ability, but rather the thoughts behind your poster.

o Neatness and legibility will be part of your grade; so, don’t be sloppy

We will be voting on the best poster, this is a contest between all periods for the best posters…Good

Luck!

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Japanese American Internment Background Details:

Round 1

Document Reasons for internment

suggested by this document Interesting or important details

Government

Newsreel

Date: ___________

Based upon what you’ve learned so far: Why were Japanese Americans interned during the Second World War?

Provide details to support your answer.

Round 2

Document Reasons for internment

suggested by this document Interesting or important details

The Munson Report

Date: ___________

The Crisis Article

Date: ___________

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Based upon what you’ve learned so far: Why were Japanese Americans interned during the Second World War?

Provide details to support your answer.

Round 3

Document Reasons for internment

suggested by this document Interesting or important details

Korematsu v. United

States

Date: ___________

“Personal Justice

Denied”

Date: ___________

Why were Japanese Americans interned during the Second World War? Provide details to support your answer.

Final Details on Japanese Internment:

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The War in Europe and the Pacific The War in Europe

The Big Three Stalin Churchill and FDR

• FDR, Churchill, and Stalin

• decided to defeat the __________ before

turning to the ______________________

• wanted the Allies to

open a __________

_________________

• attacked North Africa and

Italy first, the __________

_____________________

Major Events

Stalingrad D-Day

• August 1942 – February 1943

• ____ million casualties

• Turning point on the

____________________ front

• June 6, 1944

• Largest _______________________ assault in history

• 160k soldiers, 5k ships, 1.5k tanks, 24k paratroopers

• ______________ casualties first day, __________

Americans

Bombing Raids on Germany April and May 1945

• Strategic bombing – bombing major cities and

civilian populations

• By _______ – US was dropping about 53k

tons of bombs on Germany _______________

____________

• April 12, 1945 – _________ died

• April 30, 1945 – ___________ committed

suicide

• May 7, 1945 – ______________ surrendered

(V-E Day)

The War in the Pacific

Pearl Harbor

The Philippines The Bataan Death March

• The day after the attack at ________________

_______________, the Japanese began to

invade the Philippines (Dec 1941)

• The US fought to hold the Philippines against

____________________

• In April 1942, General ________________

was forced to abandon the island and about

________ American and Filipino troops total

• MacArthur promised, “I shall return”

• April 1942, Bataan fell to the Japanese

• _____________________ troops were captured

• They were forced to march, estimated that

____________________ died

• Very little food and water

• __________ miles in six days

• About 100 men loaded into railroad cars that

were designed to hold 30-40 men

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Island Hopping:

Battle of the Coral Sea:

Battle of

Midway:

Firebombing of Japan:

Hiroshima and Nagasaki:

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Additional Details on WWII o WWII ended the Great Depression in America o Double V Campaign

o Americans were fighting to end racism abroad and racism in America o Yalta Conference – February 1945

o Stalin, Churchill and FDR

o decide to meet again after Germany surrenders to determine postwar border in Europe

o Truman was president at the end of WWII o Truman was the one to decide whether or not atomic bombs should be used

o Potsdam Conference – Summer 1945 o Stalin, Churchill and Truman meet to negotiate the terms for the end of WWII o Truman had replaced FDR o Churchill was voted out as Prime Minister and replaced by Clement Atlee o Due to these changes, Stalin tried to bully Truman and Atlee into getting what he wanted –

they no longer had a common enemy

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BOMBING OF HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped

the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion

wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands

more would later die of radiation exposure. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped

another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Japan’s Emperor

Hirohito announced his country’s unconditional surrender in World War II in a radio

address on August 15, citing the devastating power of “a new and most cruel bomb.”

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

Even before the outbreak of war in 1939, a group of American scientists–many of them

refugees from fascist regimes in Europe–became concerned with nuclear weapons research

being conducted in Nazi Germany. In 1940, the U.S. government began funding its own

atomic weapons development program, which came under the joint responsibility of the

Office of Scientific Research and Development and the War Department after the U.S.

entry into World War II. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was tasked with spearheading

the construction of the vast facilities necessary for the top-secret program, codenamed “The

Manhattan Project” (for the engineering corps’ Manhattan district).

Over the next several years, the program’s scientists worked on producing the key materials

for nuclear fission–uranium-235 and plutonium (Pu-239). They sent them to Los Alamos,

New Mexico, where a team led by J. Robert Oppenheimer worked to turn these materials

into a workable atomic bomb. Early on the morning of July 16, 1945, the Manhattan Project

held its first successful test of an atomic device–a plutonium bomb–at the Trinity test site

at Alamogordo, New Mexico.

NO SURRENDER FOR THE JAPANESE

By the time of the Trinity test, the Allied powers had already defeated Germany in Europe.

Japan, however, vowed to fight to the bitter end in the Pacific, despite clear indications (as

early as 1944) that they had little chance of winning. In fact, between mid-April 1945

(when President Harry Truman took office) and mid-July, Japanese forces inflicted Allied

casualties totaling nearly half those suffered in three full years of war in the Pacific, proving

that Japan had become even more deadly when faced with defeat. In late July, Japan’s

militarist government rejected the Allied demand for surrender put forth in the Potsdam

Declaration, which threatened the Japanese with “prompt and utter destruction” if they

refused.

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General Douglas MacArthur and other top military commanders favored continuing the

conventional bombing of Japan already in effect and following up with a massive invasion,

codenamed “Operation Downfall.” They advised Truman that such an invasion would

result in U.S. casualties of up to 1 million. In order to avoid such a high casualty rate,

Truman decided–over the moral reservations of Secretary of War Henry Stimson, General

Dwight Eisenhower and a number of the Manhattan Project scientists–to use the atomic

bomb in the hopes of bringing the war to a quick end. Proponents of the A-bomb–such as

James Byrnes, Truman’s secretary of state–believed that its devastating power would not

only end the war, but also put the U.S. in a dominant position to determine the course of

the postwar world.

“LITTLE BOY” AND “FAT MAN”

Hiroshima, a manufacturing center of some 350,000 people located about 500 miles from

Tokyo, was selected as the first target. After arriving at the U.S. base on the Pacific island

of Tinian, the more than 9,000-pound uranium-235 bomb was loaded aboard a modified

B-29 bomber christened Enola Gay (after the mother of its pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets).

The plane dropped the bomb–known as “Little Boy”–by parachute at 8:15 in the morning,

and it exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima in a blast equal to 12-15,000 tons of TNT,

destroying five square miles of the city.

Hiroshima’s devastation failed to elicit immediate Japanese surrender, however, and on

August 9 Major Charles Sweeney flew another B-29 bomber, Bockscar, from Tinian. Thick

clouds over the primary target, the city of Kokura, drove Sweeney to a secondary target,

Nagasaki, where the plutonium bomb “Fat Man” was dropped at 11:02 that morning. More

powerful than the one used at Hiroshima, the bomb weighed nearly 10,000 pounds and was

built to produce a 22-kiloton blast. The topography of Nagasaki, which was nestled in

narrow valleys between mountains, reduced the bomb’s effect, limiting the destruction to

2.6 square miles.

At noon on August 15, 1945 (Japanese time), Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s

surrender in a radio broadcast. The news spread quickly, and “Victory in Japan” or “V-J

Day” celebrations broke out across the United States and other Allied nations. The formal

surrender agreement was signed on September 2, aboard the U.S. battleship Missouri,

anchored in Tokyo Bay.

DID YOU KNOW? After World War II, most of Hiroshima would be rebuilt, though one destroyed section was set aside as a reminder of the effects of the atomic bomb. Each August 6, thousands of people gather at Peace Memorial Park to join in interfaith religious services commemorating the anniversary of the bombing.

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Discussion Questions: 1. Why did the US decide to build an atom bomb?

2. Why did the US decide to use the atom bomb?

3. What impact did the atom bombs have?

4. Based upon your current information, was the US justified in dropping the bombs on Hiroshima

and Nagasaki? Why or why not?

Additional Details (as needed)

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Arguments for dropping the bombs

1. Save (1,000,000?) American and Japanese lives. Japanese resisted US forces by

use of Kamikaze pilots in Okinawa and fighting without surrender at Iwo Jima and

other battles. They didn’t surrender after the firebombing of major cities, nor after

Hiroshima.

2. End the war quickly. The US was tired after 4 years of war. Germany had already

surrendered in May, 1945. Japan resisted an unconditional surrender.

3. Demonstrate US power to the world.

4. Racism. US policy makers expressed racist attitudes toward Japanese.

5. Revenge. Truman suggested after the war that he wanted to exact revenge for Pearl

Harbor.

6. Large resources went into the development of the atomic bomb, and there was a

desire to use it and test it.

7. As an unelected President, Truman was controlled by his close advisors who

favored using the bomb. Kept in the dark as VP under FDR.

Arguments against dropping the bombs

1. Moral failure for being the only country to use an atomic bomb in war. The attack

struck mainly civilians who outnumbered military personnel 6:1.

2. Japan may have been ready to surrender. It was blockaded. Its navy and air force

was destroyed. It’s overseas possessions were confiscated.

3. The US needlessly insisted upon an unconditional surrender, since Japan was

willing to surrender if it could retain the Emperor.

4. US moral authority, nationally and internationally, was weakened.

5. Contributed to mistrust held by the USSR and prompted a dangerous arms race.

6. Some argue there was no need for the second bomb on Nagasaki.

7. There were many prominent military personnel against dropping the bomb, like

Eisenhower, under-Secretary of the Navy, Ralph Bard, Army Chief of Staff

General George C. Marshall, and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander in

Chief of the Pacific Fleet.

8. Couldn’t they have dropped the bomb in the water as a threat to force the

surrender?

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Study Guide

Test Topics

Mussolini

Stalin

Hitler

FDR

Truman

Appeasement

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Pearl Harbor

Bombing of Germany

Bombing of Japan – firebombing

Battle of Britain

Rise of dictatorships

Nye Committee

Double V Campaign

Bataan Death March

Axis Powers

Allied Powers

Destroyers for Bases

Cash and Carry

Lend Lease Act

Women in the military

Women in the workforce

Minorities in the military

Neutrality Acts

Blitzkrieg

Industrial Production

Rationing

Midway Island

Japanese American Relocation

Stalingrad

Rationing

D-Day

Island Hopping

V-E Day

Doolittle Raids

Iwo Jima

Okinawa

V-J Day

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

There will be two portions to this assessment. You will complete a writing work sample regarding Hiroshima and

Nagasaki (this counts as a work sample, but is also scored as part of your test for this unit). You will then complete

a multiple choice assessment (on a different day) regarding the remaining content.