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Wound Care and Bloodborne Pathogens Amber Giacomazzi, MS, ATC. Healthcare facility must be maintained as clean and sterile to prevent spread of disease and infection Must take precautions to minimize risk Must take whatever measures to prevent contamination. Bloodborne Pathogens. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Wound Care and
Bloodborne Pathogens
Amber Giacomazzi, MS, ATC
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Healthcare facility must be maintained as clean and sterile to prevent spread of disease and infection
• Must take precautions to minimize risk
• Must take whatever measures to prevent contamination
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Bloodborne Pathogens
• __________________, present in _________ ______ and other fluids (____________, _______, __________ and _________) that can potentially cause disease
• Most significant pathogens are Hepatitis B, C and HIV
• Others that exist are Hepatitis _______ and _________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Hepatitis B• Major cause of viral infection, resulting in
________, ________, _____________ ________
• Signs and symptoms– ____________________________________
____________________________________ __________________
– Possible that individual will not exhibit signs and symptoms • ___________________________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
– May test positive w/in ________ of symptom development
– 85% recover within ___________• Prevention
– _____________________________________ ________________
– HBV can survive in blood and fluids, in dried blood and on contaminated surfaces for at least ____________
– Vaccination against HBV
Hepatitis B
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Hepatitis C• Both an acute and chronic form of liver
disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV)• Most common __________________ in
United States• Leading indication for ______________• Signs & Symptoms
– 80% of those infected have no _____– May be _______, have mild abdominal pain,
__________, nausea, ______, muscle/joint pain, and/or dark urine
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Virus that has potential to _____________ ____________
• According to World Health Organization 42 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2002
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Symptoms and Signs– Transmitted by __________________________– Fatigue, weight loss, muscle or joint pain, painful
or swollen glands, night sweats and fever– Antibodies can be detected in blood tests within
__________ of exposure– May go for __________ before signs and
symptoms develop– Most that acquire HIV will develop acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• Collection of signs and symptoms that are recognized as the effects of an infection
• _________________________________• Positive test for HIV cannot ___________
__________________________________• After contracting AIDS, people generally
die w/in 2 years of symptoms developing
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Management– No vaccine for HIV, ________ even though
drug therapy is available– Research looking for preventive vaccine and
effective treatment– Most effective drug combination
• __________________• _______________________________________
__________________
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
HIV and Athletic Participation
• No definitive answer as to whether asymptomatic HIV carriers should participate in sport
• _______________________ says athletes infected ___________________ and may only be excluded with __________________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
– Disinfectant• Contaminated surfaces should be clean immediately
with solution of _______ approved disinfectant to water• Should ____________• Contaminated towels should be ______, ______, and
_________ from other soiled laundry, then transported in _____________________
– Wash in hot water (____________________)– Laundry done outside institution should be _______________
– Sharps• Needles, razorblades, and scalpels• Use extreme care in handling and disposing all sharps
Universal Precautions
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Caring for Skin Wounds
• Skin wounds are extremely common in sports
• __________________ makes it susceptible to injury
• Numerous mechanical forces can result in trauma– ____________________________________
______________________________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Types of wounds– __________
• Skin scraped against rough surface• _____________________________________________• Often involves exposure to dirt and foreign materials = __________
__________________– _______________
• Sharp or pointed object tears tissues – results in wound with ______ ___________
• May also result in _______________– ____________
• Wounds with _______________
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
– __________________• Can easily occur during activity and can be ______• _______________________________________
_________________________• All severe lacerations and puncture wounds should
be referred to a physician– ___________________
• Skin is torn from body = _______________• ________________________________________
_________________________• Take to hospital for reattachment
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Immediate Care
• Should be cared for immediately• All wounds should be treated as though
they have been _________________________ ________________
• To minimize infection clean wound with copious amounts of _____, _____ and ________________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Dressing– Sterile dressing should be applied to keep
wound clean– ______________ are extremely effective in
minimizing scarring– Antibacterial ointments are effective in limiting
_______________ and _______________ __________________
– Utilization of hydrogen peroxide can occur several times daily before reapplication of ointment
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Are sutures necessary?– Decision should be made by a ___________– Sutures should be used within ___________– Physician may decide wound does not require
sutures and utilize steri-strips or butterfly bandages
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Signs of Wound Infection – Same as those for inflammation
• _______• _______• _______• __________• _________________
– Pus may form due to accumulation of _______– ________________ as immune system fights
bacterial infection
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Most wound infections can be treated with antibiotics
• _________________ has become resistant to some antibiotics– Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (_____) is
more difficult to treat and infection is extremely difficult to treat
– If cause of infection is not discovered early and ________________ are used initial infection that starts in skin could ______________________________
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• ______________– Bacterial infection that may cause _____ and
__________ and possibly _______________ _____ for non-immunized athletes
– Tetanus bacillus enters wound as _____ and acts on _____________________
– Following childhood vaccination, boosters should be supplied once _____________
Caring for Skin Wounds