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Wound Care and

Bloodborne Pathogens

Amber Giacomazzi, MS, ATC


• Healthcare facility must be maintained as clean and sterile to prevent spread of disease and infection

• Must take precautions to minimize risk

• Must take whatever measures to prevent contamination


Bloodborne Pathogens

• __________________, present in _________ ______ and other fluids (____________, _______, __________ and _________) that can potentially cause disease

• Most significant pathogens are Hepatitis B, C and HIV

• Others that exist are Hepatitis _______ and _________


Hepatitis B• Major cause of viral infection, resulting in

________, ________, _____________ ________

• Signs and symptoms– ____________________________________

____________________________________ __________________

– Possible that individual will not exhibit signs and symptoms • ___________________________


– May test positive w/in ________ of symptom development

– 85% recover within ___________• Prevention

– _____________________________________ ________________

– HBV can survive in blood and fluids, in dried blood and on contaminated surfaces for at least ____________

– Vaccination against HBV

Hepatitis B


Hepatitis C• Both an acute and chronic form of liver

disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV)• Most common __________________ in

United States• Leading indication for ______________• Signs & Symptoms

– 80% of those infected have no _____– May be _______, have mild abdominal pain,

__________, nausea, ______, muscle/joint pain, and/or dark urine


Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• Virus that has potential to _____________ ____________

• According to World Health Organization 42 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2002


• Symptoms and Signs– Transmitted by __________________________– Fatigue, weight loss, muscle or joint pain, painful

or swollen glands, night sweats and fever– Antibodies can be detected in blood tests within

__________ of exposure– May go for __________ before signs and

symptoms develop– Most that acquire HIV will develop acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus


Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

• Collection of signs and symptoms that are recognized as the effects of an infection

• _________________________________• Positive test for HIV cannot ___________

__________________________________• After contracting AIDS, people generally

die w/in 2 years of symptoms developing


• Management– No vaccine for HIV, ________ even though

drug therapy is available– Research looking for preventive vaccine and

effective treatment– Most effective drug combination

• __________________• _______________________________________

__________________

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)


HIV and Athletic Participation

• No definitive answer as to whether asymptomatic HIV carriers should participate in sport

• _______________________ says athletes infected ___________________ and may only be excluded with __________________


– Disinfectant• Contaminated surfaces should be clean immediately

with solution of _______ approved disinfectant to water• Should ____________• Contaminated towels should be ______, ______, and

_________ from other soiled laundry, then transported in _____________________

– Wash in hot water (____________________)– Laundry done outside institution should be _______________

– Sharps• Needles, razorblades, and scalpels• Use extreme care in handling and disposing all sharps

Universal Precautions



Caring for Skin Wounds

• Skin wounds are extremely common in sports

• __________________ makes it susceptible to injury

• Numerous mechanical forces can result in trauma– ____________________________________

______________________________


• Types of wounds– __________

• Skin scraped against rough surface• _____________________________________________• Often involves exposure to dirt and foreign materials = __________

__________________– _______________

• Sharp or pointed object tears tissues – results in wound with ______ ___________

• May also result in _______________– ____________

• Wounds with _______________



– __________________• Can easily occur during activity and can be ______• _______________________________________

_________________________• All severe lacerations and puncture wounds should

be referred to a physician– ___________________

• Skin is torn from body = _______________• ________________________________________

_________________________• Take to hospital for reattachment



Immediate Care

• Should be cared for immediately• All wounds should be treated as though

they have been _________________________ ________________

• To minimize infection clean wound with copious amounts of _____, _____ and ________________




• Dressing– Sterile dressing should be applied to keep

wound clean– ______________ are extremely effective in

minimizing scarring– Antibacterial ointments are effective in limiting

_______________ and _______________ __________________

– Utilization of hydrogen peroxide can occur several times daily before reapplication of ointment



• Are sutures necessary?– Decision should be made by a ___________– Sutures should be used within ___________– Physician may decide wound does not require

sutures and utilize steri-strips or butterfly bandages



• Signs of Wound Infection – Same as those for inflammation

• _______• _______• _______• __________• _________________

– Pus may form due to accumulation of _______– ________________ as immune system fights

bacterial infection



• Most wound infections can be treated with antibiotics

• _________________ has become resistant to some antibiotics– Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (_____) is

more difficult to treat and infection is extremely difficult to treat

– If cause of infection is not discovered early and ________________ are used initial infection that starts in skin could ______________________________




• ______________– Bacterial infection that may cause _____ and

__________ and possibly _______________ _____ for non-immunized athletes

– Tetanus bacillus enters wound as _____ and acts on _____________________

– Following childhood vaccination, boosters should be supplied once _____________
