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( 11 )

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joh-*Ksh dk fJe jh we;d ;h fe fgAv d/ fe;kBiK w}d{o ~ f;js ;j{bsK b?D bJh Ffjo ftZu nkT[DbJh w}p{o j'Dk gt/ . fgAvK ftZu ;tk;E ;/tktK Bk j'D .

( 12 )

e[dos B/ wB[Zy ~ fpwkohnK Bkb bVD bJh ndG[Zs f;jsFesh dk todkB fdZsk j? . fJj gqsh-o'Xe Fesh wB[Zy ~fpwkohnK bZrD s'_ pukT[_dh j? . ;kvhnK nAsVhnK ns/ j'onArK ftZu n?;/ F{]w d';s iht j[zd/ jB i' ;kv/ ;oho ~fpwkohnK Bkb bVD bJh Fesh d/_d/ jB . vkeNoK okjIfdZs/ ikD tkb/ s/} n?_Nh-pkfJUfNe; dtkJhnK Bkb F{]wihtK dk ]kswk j' iKdk j? . fi; soQK joh-*Ksh B/ y/shftZu s/} o;kfJD tos e/ d';s ihtK dk ]kswk ehskj?, T[;/ soQK jh fJ; wkvb B/ nAro/}h fJbki gqDkbh okjI;kv/ nAdo d';s ihtK dk ]kswk eoB dh ;kfiF ouh j? .f;ZN/ d/ s"o &s/ ;kv/ ;oho dh gqsh-o'Xe Fesh BFN j'Deoe/ ;k~ ikB-b/tk fpwkohnK j' ojhnK jB . w"s d/ vos'_ ;k~ fJj wfjArhnK nAro/}h dtkJhnK ]ohdD bJh w}p{oehsk ik fojk j? . fi; ekoB s/}h Bkb g?;k fgAvK s'_FfjoK ftZu ik fojk j? . ;kvhnK nkgDhnK f;jsftt;EktKŒ:{BkBh nk:{ot?d, j'fwUg?Eh, :'rk, n?e{gq?;o ns/w;ki nkfd ~ ikD-p[ZM e/ fgZS/ ;[fNnk ik fojk j? . n?b'g?Ehdh gVQkJh ~ fJABk wfjArk pDk fdZsk frnk j? fe fe;/;kXkoD fe;kB dk pZuk T[j f;Zfynk Bk b? ;e/, fgAvK ftZu;;sh f;js ftt;Ek Bk fwb ;e/ ns/ w}p{oB nkw nkdwh~ wfjArh vkeNoh ;jkfJsk b?D bJh nkgD/ g/N s/ gZNhpzBQ e/ iK ;G e[ZM t/u-tZN e/ iK rfjD/ Xo e/ wfjArhvkeNoh ;jkfJsk b?D bJh Ffjo ftZu jh nkT[Dk gt/ .

joh-*Ksh d/ fBowksktK ~ gsk bZrk fe fe;kB sK]ohdD bJh Ffjo nkT[_dk jh BjI . T[j y[d ;zGkb/ d/;hphiK ~ phidk j?, d/;h rK dk r'po ns/ w{so ykd d/s"o &s/ tosdk j?, rT{-w{so ns/ fBAw dhnK gZshnK ~dtkJhnK d/ o{g ftZu tosdk j? . Ffjo ftZu T[j f;o@nkgDh @;b ~ t/uD bJh jh nkT[_dk j? . fJj w?_ ;" ;kb

( 13 )

gfjbK fJBQK dh rZb eo fojk jK . T[BQK bJh }o{oh ;hfe T[j fe;kBK ~ jo jhb/-t;hb/ ]ohddko pDkT[D . T[BQKB/ ;'funk fe fe;kB sK FoXkb{ ;[Gkn dk j[zdk j? . T[jfiE/ th uwseko d/ydk j? T[E/ jh Bw;eko eoB bZr g?_dkj?, wZE/ N/eD bZr g?_dk j? . T[BQK B/ ;'funk fe Gkosh fe;kBd/;h phi phidk j?, T[BQK phiK s'_ g?dktko xZN j[zdh j? .fi; soQK d/;h XkB dhnK fe;wK s'_ gqsh J/eV ƒ‡-ƒŠe[fJANb ihoh g?dk j[zdh j? . d/;h eDe dhnK fe;wK s'_ ˆ-ƒ‚ e[fJANb gqsh J/eV eDe g?dk j[zdh j? . i/eo T[;~ fJj'fijk uwsekoh phi fdZsk ikt/ fi; s'_ gqsh J/eV †‚-‡‚ e[fJANb ihoh iK eDe g?dk j' ;e/ sK FoXkb{ fe;kBfJj uwseko d/y e/ }o{o jh wZEk N/e e/ T[; phi ~]ohd/rk . T[; d/ nAdo dk bkbu T[; ~ fJj phi ]ohdDbJh w}p{o eo/rk . T[j }o{o jh tZX g?dktko d/D tkbkwfjArk phi ]ohdD bJh Ffjo nkt/rk . fJ; soQK fgAvKdk g?;k Ffjo nkt/rk .

T[BQK dh :'iBk fJeZb/ phiK se jh ;hws Bjh_ ;h .T[j n?;k YKuk yVQk eoBk ukj[zd/ ;B fi; ftZu fe;kBtko-tko jo/e t;s{ iK ;kXB ]ohdD bJh Ffjo nkt/ .T[BQK B/ ;G s'_ gfjbK tZX g?dktko d/D tkb/ wfjAr/ phig?dk ehs/ . j[D fJBQK phiK s'_ tZX g?dktko b?D bJh fJBQKftZu tZX o;kfJDe ykdK gkT_[Dhnk }o{oh jB . T[; s'_ fpBKfJj tZX g?dktko BjI d/ ;ed/ . fJ; soQK T[BK B/ wfjArhnKo;kfJDe ykdK ]ohdDk fe;kBK dh w}p{oh pDk fdZsk .fco gsk bZrk fe fJBQK phiK s'_ g?dk j'JhnK @;bK dhehfVnk s'_ puD dh gqsho'Xe Fesh BK-wkso jh j? . j[Dw}p{oh t; wfjAr/ phiK ns/ o;kfJDe ykdK d/ Bkb nfswfjArhnK ns/ p/jZd }fjohbhnK ehV/wko dtkJhnK ]ohdDkth fe;kB dh b'V pD rJh . o;kfJDe ykdK Bkb Xosh

( 14 )

;hfwAN torh ;]s j' rJh . fJ; bJh fe;kB dk nkgDkpDkfJnk jb ezvw j' frnk ns/ T[; dh EK &s/ T[;~N?qeNo ]ohdDk fgnk .

fJ; soQK fe;kB o;kfJDe ykdK, ehV/wko, T[Obh-BkFe,BdhB-BkFe, Nq?eNo ns/ T[; Bkb i[V/ j'o ;zd tosD dkH[bkw j' frnk, fJj ;G e[ZM ]ohdD tk;s/ fJBQK ~ pDkT[Dns/ t/uD tkb/ Ffjoh nwhoK &s/ fBoGo j' frnk . fJj;G e[ZM fiE/ nfs wfjArk t/funk iKdk j? T[E/ fJBQK dhtos'_ B/ Xosh ~ pzio ns/ p/ikB pDk fdZsk j? . fgAvKdk g?;k s/}h Bkb FfjoK tZb ikD bZrk .

fJBQK uh}K ~ ]ohdD bJh fe;kB gk; sK fJAB/ g?;/BjI jB . T[j fet/_ ]ohd/ < g?;k ewkT[D tkfbnK B/ fe;kBK~ g?;/ T[Xko d/D dk YKuk yVQk eo fdZsk . eo}/ d/D dhftt;Ek th b? nKdh rJh . fJ; soQK phi, ykdK, dtkJhnK,;zd ]ohdD bJh T[; ~ FfjoK ftZu xVh; fbnkT[D dhftt;Ek dk fBowkD ehsk frnk . fJ;/ dk Bkw j? joh-*Ksh .

tZX g?dktko d/D tkb/ phi g?dk eoB bJh y/sh:{Bhtof;NhnK dk fBowkD ehsk frnk . d{i/ ftFt-:[ZX s'_pknd r'bk-pko{d ns/ pzp pDkT[D tkb/ p/eko j'J/eko]kfBnK ns/ o;kfJDK ~ j[D o;kfJDe ykdK ns/ ehN-BkFe dtkJhnK pDkT[D d/ #nF[ZG& ezw ftZu brk fdZskfrnk . y/sh :{Bhtof;NhnK ns/ y/sh ftek; ;z;EktK ~nkX[fBe y/sh ;kXBK ~ fte;s eoB bJh tofsnk ikDbZrk . ;oekoh y/sh wfjefwnK okjI fJBQK ;kXBK ~ fe;kBKse gj[zukT[D dh ftt;Ek :'iBkpZX yVQh eo fdZsh rJh .fe;kBK ~ eo}/ d/D bJh ;fjekoh ;z;EktK ns/ ;fjekohp?_eK dk ikb ftSkfJnk frnk . ;fjekoh y/so d/ nbZrek~B pDkJ/ rJ/ . fiBQK ftZu i/eo fe;kB eo}k tkg;

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Bjh_ eodk sK T[; dh }whB }ps ehsh ik ;edh j? .fJ; soQK fe;kB dh fJZ}s ~ y[Zb/Q-nkw fBbkw eoB d/Yzr fsnko ehs/ rJ/ .

joh-*Ksh s'_ gfjbK fJBQK fe;kBK ns/ w}d{oK ~nkgDh o'Nh o'}h ewkT[D bJh ns/ nkgDh ephbdkohubkT[D dhnK ;kohnK uh}K ns/ ;kXB fgAvK ftZu'_ jh gqkgsjz[d/ ;B . ;kv/ fgAvK ftZu fJBQK b'VK ~ g{ok eoB bJh S'N/-S'N/ T[d:'r j[zd/ ;B . eZgV/ bJh i[bkjk, s/b bJh s/bh,b'j/ d/ n"ikoK bJh b[jko, bZeVh d/ n"ikoK bJh soykD,fwZNh d/ n"ikoK bJh x[wko, uwV/ d/ ;kXBK bJh uwkons/ eZgV/ ;hD bJh doih nkfd ;ko/ fdjksh T[d:'r ;zGkbDtkb/ gAqgokrs ftnesh ;B . fJBQK T[d:'rK ~ ubkT[D bJheZuk-wkb th fgAvK ftZu jh T[gbZGX ;h . Bwe ~ SZv e/e[ZM th FfjoK u'_ wArkT[D dh b'V BjI ;h g?_dh . fJ; soQKfgAvK ftZ^u'_ g?;k pkjo Bjh_ ;h iKdk . T[bNk fe;kB nkgDhg?dktko ~ FfjoK ftZu t/u e/ Ffjo dk g?;k fgAv ftZub? nkT[_dk ;h .

fJ; b'N{ YKuk ftt;Ek B/ joh-*Ksh s'_ th gfjbKT[d:'fre-*Ksh okjI fgAvK ftZu pDB tkbhnK t;s{nK dhEK, tZ^v/ ekoykfBnK ftZu pDhnK ;;shnK t;sK fbnk e/fgAvK ftZu t/uDhnK F[o{ eo fdZshnK ;B . tZv/ eko]kfBnKns/ tZvhnK wFhBK okjI pDhnK t;sK B/ ;kv/ S'N/-S'N/T[d:'rK ~ BFN eoB dk ezw ehsk . fJ; soQK joh-*KshB/ fe;kBK d/ fJod-frod fJe rfjok :'iBkpZX fFezikyVk eo fdZsk fi; ftZu cZ; e/ T[j nkgDh b[N-y;[ZNeotkT[D bJh w}p{o jB . fJ; :'iBkpZX ;kfiF dk jh Bkwj?Œjoh *Ksh .

y/sh :{Bhtof;NhnK B/ fJ; uZeoftT{ ftZu tVB dhf;Z^fynk sK fe;kBK ~ pVh ;@bskg{ote fdZsh j? . go

( 16 )

T[; uZeoftT{ ftu tVB Bkb gqkDhnK, tksktoD ns/ wB[Zyhf;js dk BkF j'fJnk j? . fJ; y/sh ftfrnkB (iK nfrnkB)B/ fiE/ ;k~ GKs-GKs dhnK ]soBke fpwkohnK dk fFekopDk fdZsk j?, T[E/ fe;kBK ns/ T[BQK d/ gfotkoK ~ nksw-jZ^fsnktK tZb XZ^fenk j? . o;kfJDe y/sh d/ fJ; fGnkBewkvb ftZu c;kT[D bJh ;oekoh y/sh wfjefwnK B/ thg{ok :'rdkB gkfJnk j? . y/sh :{Bhtof;NhnK ;oekoh y/shwfjefwnK ns/ ;fjekoh p?_eK B/ fe;kBK ~ fJ; uZeoftT{ftZu tkV sK fdZsk j? b/feB fJ; ftZ^u'_ fBebD dk o;skfe;/ B/ BjI dZ^f;nk .

o;kfJDe y/sh fJZe nfijk jh uZeoftT{ j?, fi; ftZu'_fe;kB ed/ th fBeb BjI ;edk . T[j jw/Fk eo}/ ftZuvZ[^fpnk oj/rk . T[; ~ ed/ th bkGekoh Gkn Bjh_ fwb;ed/ . fJZe jZE d/ e/ d{;o/ jZE T[; s'_ y'jD dk fJj f;;NwpVk w}p{s j? . fe;kB s'_ y'jD tkfbnK dh bzwh bkJhBj? . n]ho ftZu T[; e'b nkgDh }whB t/uD iK nksw-jZ^fsnk eoB s'_ fJbktk e'Jh o;sk BjI pudk . joh-*Kshd/ fJ; uZeoftT{ ftu'_ fBebD d/ ;ko/ o;s/ gfjbK jhpzd eo fdZs/ rJ/ jB . f;o@ fJZe jh o;sk j?Œn?_v';bckBdk fJZe x[ZN iK ;bck; dh fJe r'bhŒnksw jZ^fsnk . ;?_eV/fe;kB jo o'} nksw jZ^fsnktK eo oj/ jB . e/_doh ;oekonksw jZ^fsnktK o'eD bJh j}koK eo'V o[gJ/ d/ g?e/i d/ojh j? . go fJj g?e/i fe;kBK ~ nksw jZ^fsnktK s'_ pukT[Ddh pikJ/ j'o s/}h Bkb nksw jZ^fsnktK tZb b? ikDdk ezw eoB tkb/ jB . fJBQK g?eiK ftZu nksw jZ^fsnktKd/ ekoBK B{z bZGD dh e'Jh e'fFF BjI . fJj f;o@ fe;kBK~ nko}h wZbQw brk e/ T[BQK ~ T[;/ wkfJnk ikb ftZuc;kJh oZyD dk jh ;kXB pDd/ jB . fJBQK wZbQwK Bkb fe;kBK~ nko}h okjs sK wfj;{; j't/rh go uZeoftT{ gfjbk

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jh ekfJw oj/rk . fJBQK d/ pkti{d fe;kB dk p/Nk y/shtZb BjI fyZ^funk ikt/rk T[j nkgDh }whB ezgBhnK ~t/u/rk ns/ ezgBhnK tZ^v/ tZ^v/ ckow pDk e/, tZ^v/ tZ^v/ :zsobrk e/ fJjh o;kfJDe y/sh ns/ wFhBh y/sh eoBrhnK .fJ; soQK nksw-fBoGo y/sh ftt;Ek ns/ g/_v{ y/sh;Z^fGnkuko BFN j' ikt/rk .

nZi i/eo fe;kB ~ nksw-jZ^fsnktK s'_ pukT[Dk j?,i/eo fe;kBK ~ eo}k-w[[esh tZb b? e/ ikDk j?, i/eofe;kBK ~ p/}whB/ j'D s'_ o'eDk j?, i/eo fe;kBK d/ pZ^funK~ fdjkVhdko w}d{o pDB s'_ pukT[Dk j?, i/eo o;kfJDey/sh d/ d[o-gqGktK s'_ ;wki ~ S[Nekok fdtkT[Dk j?l i/eofJ; fGnkBe ns/ ftBkFekoh uZeoftT{ &u'_ ;wki ~ eZYDkj? sK o;kfJDe y/sh dk fJe' fJe pdb `Œ#}ho' piN-e[dosh y/sh& .

fJj }ho'ŒpiNŒe[dosh y/sh eh j? <

e[dosh y/sh d/ }ho' piN dk noE j? ukj/ e'Jh th@;b j't/ T[; dk T[gi w[Zb iho' j't/rk (Cost of Productionwill be Zero) . e[dosh y/sh ftZu tos/ ikD tkb/ ;kXBpkjo'_ ]ohd e/ BjI fbnkT[D/ g?Dr/ . @;bK ~ tXD-c[bDbJh i' th ;kXB ukjhd/ jB, T[j T[BQK dhnK iVQK d/ nk;-gk; iK e[dos ftZu gfjbK jh w"i{d j'Dr/ . T[go'_ pfDnkpDkfJnk e[ZM th gkT[D dh b'V BjI . ;kvh Xosh g{oB-gkbDjko j? . ;kvhnK c;bK Xosh s'_ feAB/ sZs b?_dhnKjB < f;o@ 1.5--2.0 gqshFs Xosh ftZu'_ nkT[_dk j? . pkeh‹Š-‹Ša‡² gkDh ns/ jtk ftZu'_ nkT[_dk j? . y/sh:{Bhtof;NhnK fJj e'ok M{m p'bdhnK jB fe s[jk~ @;bKb?D bJh o;kfJDe ykdK gkT[DhnK }o{oh jB . ;Zu fJjj? fe y/sh dk w{b ftfrnkB fJj efjAdk j? fe @;bK

( 18 )

d/ ;oho dk ‹Š gqshFs gkDh ns/ jtk s'_ pDdk j? . fcoT[; ftZu pkjo'_ pD/ pDkJ/ ;kXB gkT[D dh b'V feT[_ <jo/ gZs/ fdB Go ][oke fBowkD eod/ ofjAd/ jB . jo/e jokgZsk ][oke fBowkD eoB dk eko]kBk j? . feBQK uh}K s'_T[j ][oke pDkT[_dk j? < T[j jtk ftZ^u'_ ekopB-vkJhnke;kJhv ns/ BkJhNo'iB b?_dk j? . po;ks okjh_ fJeZmkj'fJnk gkDh iVQK okjI T[; gk; gj[zu iKdk j? . ;{oi dho"FBh s'_ T{oik (12.5 Kilo Calories / Square foot area / day)b? e/ T[j ][oke fBowkD eo fdAdk j? . fe;/ th @;b iKdoZys dk gZsk fdB dh d; xAN/ dh X[Zg d"okB gqsh torc[ZN J/ohJ/ d/ fj;kp Bkb †a‡ rokw ][oke fsnko eo fdAdkj? . fJBQK †a‡ rokw ftZ^u'_ ƒa‡ rokw dkD/ iK „a„‡ rokw@b iK e'Jh j'o tos'_ :'r g"d/ dk fjZ;k ;k~ fwb iKd/jB . ][oke pDkT[D bJh b'VIdh jtk, gkDh ns/ ;{oi Feshg"d/ e[dos s'_ b?_d/ jB i' fpbe[Zb w[@s jB . fJ; bJhBk sK pZdb e'Jh th fpb G/id/ jB, Bk ;{oi ns/ Bkjh jtk . ;G w[@s fwbdk j?, fpbe[Zb jh c'eN ftZu . id'_g"d/ jtk dh ekopB-vkJhnke;kJhv ~ tosd/ jB sK T[jfe;/ y/sh :{Bhtof;Nh dh dZ;h seBhe BjI tosd/ . w"B;{Bd/ pZdb id'_ to;d/ jB sK T[j y/sh :{Bhtof;Nh dk dZ^f;nkftfrnkB BjI tosd/ . gZs/ id'_ ;{oi dh Fesh ~ ][okepDkT[D bJh fJ;s/wkb eod/ jB sK fe;/ y/sh :{Bhtof;Nhdh dZ;h ftXh BjI tosd/ . pkeh ofjAdk ƒa‡-„a‚ gqshFsyfDi gdkoE T[j Xosh s'_ b?_d/ jBl T[; Xosh s'_ i'g{oB-gkbDjko j?, i' fe;/ y/sh :{Bhtof;Nh dh w[Eki BjI j? .

i/eo fJj ftfrnkBe ;Zu j? sK T[; bfj-bjkT[_dh@;b ftZu feE/ B/ s[jkv/ skoDjko y/sh :{Bhtof;NhnK tkb/iK T[BQK d/ ;kXB . eh b'V j? ;oeko dh iK T[; s'_ fwbDtkbhnK ;p-f;vhnK dh Ghy dh < eh b'V j? s[jkv/ y/sh

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gAvsK dh < fe;kB GokU ! ;k~ nZi se w{oy pDkfJnkfrnk j? . i/eo fJj y/sh :{Bhtof;NhnK efjAdhnK jB fe}whB ftZu e[ZM BjI, T[go s'_ ykdK gkT[DhnK g?DrhnKsK w/ok T[BQK ~ f;ZXk ;tkb j?Œizrb ftZu fJBQK dh b'VfeT[_ BjI g?_dh < s[;I izrb ftZu ikU iK y/s d/ pzB/&s/ fiE/ @;b BjI phih iKdh, T[E/ yV/ @bK Bkb bZd/j'J/ nAp, p/o, ikwB, nwo{d iK fJwbh d/ ftFkb doZysfdykJh g?Dr/ . ekb gJ/ iK ;'ek fJBQK doZysK ~ nDfrDs@b bZrd/ ofjAd/ jB . fJj y/sh :{Bhtof;NhnK ;k~ No?eNoBkb iK uko iK S/ pbdK Bkb fyZu/ ikD tkb/ b'j/ d/jbK Bkb tjkJh eoB dhnK ;bkjK fdAdhnK jB . izrbftZu e"D tjkJh eodk j? < T[j ;k~ ykdK gkT[D ~ efjAd/jB, izrb ftZu ykd feE/ j? < T[j ;k~ nfs }fjohbhnKehN-BkFe dtkJhnK fSVeD bJh efjAd/ jB, izrb ftZufSVekD feE/ j? < f;AukJh bJh tZ^v/ tZ^v/ pzBQ T[;ko/ iKd/jB iK BfjoK eZYhnK iKdhnK jB . izrb ftZu wB[Zyh f;AukJhfeE/ j? < i' i' th y/sh :{Bhtof;NhnK ;k~ eoB bJhefjAdhnK jB, T[j izrb ftZu e[ZM th w"i{d Bjh_ . fcoth izrb ftZu nAp, p/o, ikwB, fJwbh d/ doZysK ~ fpBKtjkJh, fpBK ykd, fpBK f;AukJh, fpBK d[nkJhnK d/ fSVekns'_, fpBK fe;/ wB[Zyh e'fFF s'_ jo ;kb nDfrDs @bbZrd/ jB . fJ; dk wsbp eh j? < fJ; dk wsbp fJjj? fe doZysK ~ iK g"fdnK ~ tXD-c[bD bJh iK nDfrDs@b d/D bJh T[; ~ T[go s'_ pfDnk pDkfJnk e[ZM thd/D dh b'V BjI .

id'_ fJj n;b ;ZukJh j? fe fpBK e[ZM gkJ/ izrbftZu doZysK ~ jo ;kb nDfrDs @b bZrd/ jB sK fJ;dk ;gZFN wsbp j? fe T[BQK doZysK dhnK iVQK d/ e'bns/ doZysK d/ nk; gk; e[dos ftZu ;ko/ sZs gfjbK jh

( 20 )

w"i{d jB . n;I e[M th BjI gkfJnk go iVQK ~ ns/ doZys~ ;G e[ZM fwb frnk . fJ; dk wsbp j? fe e[dos B/fJj ;kok e[M T[; ~ fdZsk . fJBQK bJh_ ;ko/ b'Vh_d/ sZsK~ g{ok eoB dk g{ok fJAs}kw e[dos e'b gfjbK jh j? .fJ; dk wsbp j? fe Xosh wksk g{oB-gkbDjko j? . fJjf;XKs id'_ w?_ nkg d/ ;kjwD/ oZydk jK sK fJ; dk g{ok;p{s th fdAdk jK . ;kb ƒ‹„† ftZu vkL ebkoe ns/ vkLtf;FrNB Bkwh d' G{-ftfrnkBh Gkos nkJ/ . powk-F?ObBkwh s/b ezgBh B/ T[BQK ~ Gkosh G{wh ftZu fJe j}koc[ZN se ;[ok] eoe/ s/b dh ]'i eoB bJh G/fink ;h .T[BQK B/ fJe j}ko c[ZN se ;[ok] ehs/ ns/ jo/e S/ fJAuG{wh dh fwZNh ~ gq:'rFkbk ftZu G/i e/ N?;N eotkfJnk .fJ; ftfrnkBe iKu d/ Bshi/ pV/ fdbu;g fBeb/ . T[BQKs'_ gsk bZrdk j? fe fit/_ fit/_ n;I Xosh d/ EZb/ iKd/jK T[t/_ T[t/_ jh yfDi gdkoEK dh wksok tXdh iKdhj? . Xosh g{oBŒgkbDjko j? . T[; ftZu e'Jh th xkN BjI .

i/eo fJj ftfrnkBe fog'oN Xosh ~ g{oB dZ;dh j?sK ;kv/ y/sh ftfrnkBh fwZNh N?;N eotkT[D T[gozs fJjfeT[_ efjAd/ jB fe Xosh ftZu g'NkF sK pj[s j? b/feBiVQK T[;~ tos BjI ;edhnK jB . fJ; bJh fJj T[Ogos'_ jh gkT[Dh gt/rh . n;b ftZu T[j M{m Bjh_ p'b oj/ .;Zu efj oj/ jB . b/feB nZXk ;Zu efjAd/ jB . G{wh ftZub'VId/ sZsK d/ Gzvko jB . gozs{ d' ekoBK eoe/ g"d/ dhnKiVQK T[; dh tos'_ Bjh_ eo ;edhnK . gfjbh rZb fe iVQK,sZsK ~ fi; Feb ftZu tos ;edhnK jB, T[j T[; FebftZu BjI jB . T[dkjoD d/ s"o &s/ ;kv/ xo ftZu ykDtkbhnK t;sK dk Gzvko sK fgnk j? go ykDk gekT[Dtkbh ;kvh wksk | G?D | gsBh xo BjI ns/ ;k~ y[dykDk pDkT[Dk BjI nkT[_dk . n;I G[Z^y/ sK Bjh_ ;"_D bZr/ .

( 21 )

j'Nb s'_ ik e/ pfDnk pDkfJnk ykDk ;kvh wip{oh j't/rh .fJj o;kfJDe ykdK n;b ftZu j'Nb d/ pD/ ykD/ d/ vZ^p/jB . G{wh ftZu i' sZs w"i{d jB T[j gekJ/ j'J/ BjI jB .T[j nBki d/ eZ^u/ dkfDnK tKr jB, pDh j'Jh o'Nh tKrBjI . iVQK T[BQK ~ fJ; jkbs ftu BjI tos ;edhnK .fJ; bJh fwZNh dh iKu fog'oN efjAdh j? fe sZs }whBftZu jB gqAs{ tosD:'r ;fEsh ftZu BjI jB . Bk-tosD:'rsZsK ~ tosD:'r pDkT[D dk ezw Xosh ftZu gkJ/ iKd/nD-frDs gqeko d/ iht-izs{ eod/ jB . izrb ftZu fJjiht-izs{ pj[s wksok ftZu j[zd/ jB . fJ; bJh T[j g{ohc[osh Bkb Bk-tosD:'r sZsK ~ tosD:'r pDkJh iKd/jB, fi; eoe/ izrbK ftZu e[ZM th pfDnk pDkfJnk gkT[Ddh b'V BjI g?_dh .

;kv/ y/sK ftZu T[go s'_ o;kfJDe ykdK gkT[D dh b'VfJ; bJh g?_dh j? fe ;kv/ o;kfJDe y/sh tkbh G{wh ftZufJj iht-izs{ b'VIdh wksok ftZu Bjh_ ofj rJ/ j[zd/ . n;h_T[BQK ~ o;kfJDe ykdK, No?eNoh y/sh, }fjohbhnK ehV/-wko dtkJhnK ns/ BdhB-BkFeK Bkb BFN eo ;Z[^fNnkj? . fJ; soQK eoe/ n;I ykDk gekT[D tkfbnK ~ jh wko;[fNnk j? . iVQK eZuk ykDk fet/_ tosDrhnK . fJ; dk wsbpj? fe i/eo n;I j'Nb d/ fsnko ykD/ wsbp fe o;kfJDeykdK ~ pzd eoBk j? sK ;k~ Xosh ftub/ ykDk gekT[Dtkb/ nB/eK iht-izs{nK dk g[Bo-;EkgB eoBk gt/rk . T[BQK~ G{wh ftZu tkg; gkT[Dk j't/rkl fco jh n;h o;kfJDeykdK dh tos'_ pzd eo ;eKr/ .

fet/_ n;I nD-frDs iht-izs{nK ~ G{wh ftZu gke/ gekT[D d/ ezw ftZu brk ;ed/ jK< T[j uwsekoh ;kXBj? ;kvh d/;h rK dk r'po . d/;h rK dk r'po fJe ndGZ[st;s{ j? . fi; ftZu eo'VK-eo'V F{]w iht jB, fiBQK dh

( 22 )

;kvh Xosh wksk ~ b'V j? . fJ; r'po Bkb Xosh ~ ikrbkT[Dh j? . fi; soQK g{ok foVeDk d[ZX ftZu fJe uwukdjI dk gkT[D Bkb nrb/ fdB djI pD iKdk j? T[;/soQK jh d/;h rK dk r'po fJe ndGZ[s ikr j? . fJ; r'poftZu w"i{d eo'VK F{]w iht id'_ Xosh ftZu gj[zud/ jBsK T[j T[E/ nkgDk xo pDk e/ tXDk-c[ZbDk F[o{ eo fdAd/jB . d/;h rK d/ fJe rokw r'po ftZu …‚‚-‡‚‚ eo'VT[g:'rh, gekT[D tkb/ ihtkD{ j[zd/ jB .

fJe J/eV G{wh bJh feABk r'po ukjhdk j? <

fJ; ;tkb T[Os/ w?_ brksko S/ ;kb y'i ehsh . GkosdhnK ;kohnK gq^w[Zy d/;h rKtK dhnK B;bK dk r'po gq:'reoe/ siop/ ehs/ . fJj siop/ w?_ ;kohnK @;bK &s/ eoe/y[d t/y/ jB . wjKokFNo dh r'bkT{, bkb ezXkoh, fyZbkoh,d/tDh, vKrh, fBwkoh, gZSwh Gkos dh rho, Ekogoeo,;kjhtkb, o?Ovf;AXh, dZyDh Gkos dh nAwqs wjb ns/ f*FBkekmh ns/ T[Oso Gkos dh jfonkDk Bkwh rK dhnK B;bK~ nkgDhnK y'iK dk fjZ;k pDkfJnk . T[BQK d/ r'po ns/w{so ~ jo @;b T[Ogo ns/ jo @bdko g"d/ TO[go joBSZso ftZu ns/ jo BSZso d/ jo uoB ftZu siop/ eoe/d/y/ jB . jo soQK d/ siofpnK dk f;ZNk eh fBebdk j? <S/ ;kb se jo soQK d/ siop/ eoB T[gozs w?~ e[ZM f;ZN/fwb/ jB .

gfjbk f;ZNk fJj j? fe r'po ns/ w{so bJh d/;h rK;G s'_ T[Osw j? . d/;h p?b ns/ wZM th ub ;edh j?, gozs{fe;/ th jkbs ftZu ftd/Fh io;h rK BjI u^b/rhl feT[_feT[j rK j? jh BjI, e'Jh j'o jh gqkDh j? . d{;ok f;ZNk fJjj? fe rktK &u'_ th ekb/ ozr dh d/;h efgbk rK ;ot'swj? . shik f;ZNk fJj j? fe r'po fiABk sk}k j't/ T[BQK jh

( 23 )

uArk j? ns/ w{so fiABk g[okDk j't/ T[j T[BQK jh uArk j? .u"Ek f;ZNk fJj j? fe shj J/eV se dh y/sh bJh fJerK dk r'po ns/ w{so ekch j[zdk j? . fJe rK d/ j[zfdnKs[jk~ Bk sK o;kfJDe ykdK ]ohdD dh b'V j? ns/ Bkjh fe;/ fe;w dh d/;h iK i?fte ykd dh b'V j? . i?ftey/sh wkfjoK okjh_ dZ;hnK wfjArhnK i?fte ykdK dh thjofr} jh e'Jh b'V BjI . fJBQK ykdK ~ th gkT[D dk wsbpj? fpBK b'V s'_ jh nkgDh }/p eNtkT[Dk . w/o/ S/ ;kbKd/ siofpnK s'_ w?_ fJj f;ZNk eZ^fYnk j? fe fJe wjhB/ftZu xZ^N'-xZN fJe tkoh gqsh J/eV d; feb' d/;h rK d/r'po ~ fJ;s/wkb eoB dh b'V j? . fJe d/;h rK fdB ftZufrnkoK feb' r'po, fJZe p?b fdB ftZu s/oQK feb' r'pons/ fJe wZM fdB ftZu gAdoK feb' r'po fdAdh j? . fJerK dk fJe fdB dk r'po fJe J/eV }whB bJh fJe wjhB/tk;s/ ekch j? . fJ; soQK f;oc fJZe rK Bkb shj J/eVdh y/sh j' ;edh j? . NqkbhnK dhnK NqkbhnK Go e/ r'poykd gkT[D dh b'V BjI j? .

r'po gkT[D dk skohek

r'po ~ fe; Yzr Bkb y/sh ftZu gkT[Dk j?, T[; ;zpzXhth w?_ pj[s y'i ehsh j? . w?_ d/fynk fe izrb d/ T[;nDfrDs @b d/D tkb/ o[Zy d/ EZb/ bzxd/ NZgd/ ikBtoK,nB/eK gAShnK ns/ rzv'fJnk dk wb-w{so fgnk j? . w?_ fJ;s'_ f;ZNk eZ^fYnk fe fJBQK ihtK d/ wb-w{so dk T[; doZysd/ tXD-c[ZbD ns/ nDfrDs @b d/D Bkb r{Vk ;zpzXj? . d/;h rK d/ fJe rokw r'po ftZu …‚‚ eo'V T[g:'rhfefonk eoB tkb/ F{]w iht j[zd/ jB . fJj F{]w iht G{wh&s/ gJ/ rb/-;V/ gZ^fsnK ns/ ikBtoK d/ wb-w{so dh fefonkeoe/ T[; ~ tos'_ :'r ehsh ik ;eD tkbh p{fNnK dh

( 24 )

][oke ftZu pdb d/_d/ jB . fJ; soQK e[dos, nk;-gk; ftuod/;ko/ gqkDhnK dh ofjAd-y{Ad ns/ wb-w{so ~ tkg; XoshftZu ;wkn b?_dh j? . fco s'_ T[; ~ Bt/_ gqkDh g?dk eoBbJh tosdh j? . fJ; s'_ e[dos dk ;gZFN ;[B/jk j? feikBtoK d/ wb-w{so ~ y/sh eoB bJh fJ;s/wkb eoBkfJe e[dosh ftXh j? ns/ fJ; ~ g{oB o{g ftZu e[doshy/sh eoB bJh tosDk ukjhdk j? .

w?_ T[; izrb d/ doZys dh SK ftZu pj[s ;kohnKehVhnK, ehfVnK ns/ j'o iht-izs{nK ~ ezw eod/ t/fynkŒf;o@ SK d/ EZb/ jh T[; s'_ pkjo BjI . w?_ S/ ;kb seizrbK ftZu e[dos tZb'_ ubkJh ik ojh e[dosh gqfefonk~ pV/ fXnkBg{ote d/fynk . j"bh-j"bh w?~ ;wM nkJh fedoZysK ftu'_ fBebd/ fwZm/ gdkoE ~ fJj iht-izs{ G'iBd/ s"o &s/ yKd/ jB ns/ T[; d/ pdb/ T[j sZs }whB okjh_doZys dhnK iVQK se gj[zuk fdAd/ jB i' T[; doZys bJhb'VId/ jB . fJj j? e[dos dk ;fjihtB dk f;XKs . ftfrnkBB/ fJj f;ZX eo fdZsk j? . fJ; dk wsbp j? e[dos B/g/V-g"fdnK ~ tXD-c[ZbD bJh T[BQK ~ fwZm/ gdkoEK dhd/D fdZsh ` fiBQK Bkb ehV/ we"V/ fyZu/ nkT[_d/ jBl feT[_fefJj T[BQK bJh pj[s jh tXhnk G'iB j? . fJ; gqhfeqnk ftZuehV/-we"V/ g/V-g"fdnK s'_ nkgDk G'iB b?_d/ jB ns/ g/V-g"fdnK bJh b'VId/ sZs g/V-g"fdnK dhnK iVQK d/ B/V/ SZvfdAd/ jB . fJ; soQK w/o/ wB ~ mDeh fe fwZm/ gdkoEKdk T[g:'r e[dosh j? . w/o/ wB ftZu fpibh dh soQK fJ;ftuko dk MNek bZrk fe i/eo rK d/ r'po ftZu e'JhfwZmk gdkoE fwbk fdZsk ikt/ sK f;ZNk eh j't/rk < w?_ s[ozsr'po ns/ rT{-w{so d/ Bkb r[V, FZeo ns/ Ffjd dk T[g:'rjo/e @;b bJh eoe/ d/fynk . f;ZNk pj[s uwsekohfBefbnk .

( 25 )

w?_ izrb d/ T[; @bdko doZys d/ EZb/ nB/eK tB;gshnK

gbdhnK d/yhnK . w?_ T[BQK dk torheoB ehsk . w?~ „ˆŠ

fe;w dhnK tB;gshnK fwbhnK . fJBQK ftZu fszB u"EkJh

d'-db/ g"d/ ;B ns/ fJe u"EkJh fJe-db/ ;B . w?_ fJjh

siopk tko tko ehsk . w?~ pj[s j?okBh j'Jh fe jo tko

d'-db/ ns/ fJe-db/ g"fdnK dk nB[gks T[jh ;h . w?_ ;'uD

bZrk fe e[dos B/ d'-db/ g"fdnK dh frDsh fszB r[DK

feT[_ oZyh j? . fJ; dk wsbp j? e[dos ~ fJ; dh b'V

j? . d'-dfbnK ftZu gq'NhB dh wksok tZX j[zdh j? . gq'NhBK

ftZu ;{oi dh pj[s ;koh T{oik Goh ofjAdh j? . id'_ phi

gZe e/ fro iKd/ jB sK T[BQK ftZu pzd T{oik ihtkD{nK

~ fwbdh j? ns/ fJ; Bkb ihtkD{nK dh ;zfynk s/}h Bkb

tXdh j? . w?_ ;'funk feT[_ Bk d'-db/ phiK dk nkNk, r'po,

rT{-w{so ns/ r[V Bkb fwbk e/ gq:'r ehsk ikt/ . s[ozs

w?_ nZv nZv wksok ftZu fJj nkNk gk e/ gq:'r F[o{ eo

fdZs/ . f;Z^N/ pj[s jh uwsekoh fBeb/ .

iht nAfwqs eh j?<

tko-tko siop/ eoB T[gozs f;ZNk eZ^fYnk frnk fe

fJe J/eV }whB tk;s/ d; feb' r'po Bkb rT{-w{so,

r[V ns/ d'-db/ phiK dk nkNk (t/;D nkfd) fwbk e/ tosD

Bkb gqDkw uwsekoh fBebd/ jB . nAs ftZu fJe ckow{bk

fsnko ehsk frnk fi; dk Bkw oZ^fynk frnkŒ#iht-

nAfwqs& . iht-nAfwqs fsnko eoB bJh ;kohnK T[BQK ftXhnK

dk jh gq:'r ehsk i' izrb ftZu bZr/ T[; @bdko doZys

d/ EZb/ e[dos T[g:'r eodh j? . iht-nAfwqs pDkT[D bJh

d/;h rK dk r'po ns/ w{so ukjhdk j? . ftd/Fh io;h rK

nkfd dk r'po iK w{so BjI uZb/rk . ftd/Fh io;h rK

( 26 )

w{b o{g ftZu rK jh BjI j? . fJj e'Jh d{;ok jh gqkDh

j?l feT[_fe fJ; ftZu rK tkbk fJe th r[D BjI j? . w/

o/ gq:'r ftZu e[ZM wjZstg{oD sZE ;kjwD/ nkJ/ . gfjbk

fJj fe i/eo d/;h rK dk r'po ns/ w{so b'VIdh wksok

ftZu T[gbZGX j't/ sK T[j ;G s'_ TO[sw j? . i/eo fJj

r'po b'VIdh wksok ftZu T[gbZGX Bk j't/ sK nZXk d/;h

rK dk ns/ nZXk d/;h p?b iK wZM dk r'po th uZb/rk .

go fJeZbk d/;h p?b ns/ wZM dk BjI . d{ik sZE fJj ;kjwD/

nkfJnk fe fijVh d/;h rK tZX d[ZX fdAdh j? T[; dk r'po

ns/ w{so xZN gqGkth j? ns/ i' rK xZN d[ZX fdAdh j? T[;

dk r'po ns/ w{so tZX gqGkth j? .

iht-nAfwqs fet/_ pDkJhJ/ <

ƒa d/;h rK dk r'po - ƒ‚ feb'

„a d/;h rK dk w{so - ‡-ƒ‚ fbNo

…a r[V - ƒ-„ feb'

†a t/;D - ƒ-„ feb'

‡a pzB/ dh fwZNh - fJe w[Zmh

ˆa gkDh - „‚‚ fbNo g{ok eoe/

fJ; x'b ~ „ s'_ ‰ fdBK se SK ftZu oZyDk j? .

fdB ftZu d' tko (;[pQk ns/ Fkw) bZeVh Bkb fjbk

d/Dk j? .

iht-nA^fwqs fet/_ gkJhJ/ <

id'_ y/s ~ gkDh brkfJnk ik fojk j't/ sK iht-nA^fwqs tkbh N?_eh ftZu'_ fJj gkDh ftZu gkfJnk ik ;edkj? . iht-nA^fwqs gkDh Bkb fwbe/ g"fdnK dhnK iVQK se

( 27 )

gj[zu ikt/rk . @bdko iK d{i/ doZysK ~ iht-nAfwqs d/DbJh fJBQK doZysK dh f;yo d[gfjo dh SK dh jZd &s/ BkbhpDk e/ „-‡ fbNo gqsh g"dk gkT[Dk j? . iht-nAfwqs gkT[Dt/b/ G{wh ftZu Bwh dk j'Dk pj[s }o{oh j? . i/eo s[jkv/e'b p?ob, vozw iK ;hfwAN dh N?_eh BjI j? sK ]ohdD dhb'V BjI . fi; EK s'_ y/s ~ gkDh ik fojk j?, T[; ykbd/ Bkb jh ‡‚‚ fbNo ;woZEk tkbk fJe N'nk g[ZN bU .T[; dh fwZNh pkjo eZY e/ T[; ~ nAdo s'_ uzrh soQK fJZNiK gZEo Bkb e[ZND T[gozs fwZNh ns/ r'j/ d/ b/g Bkb fbZgbU . ;[ZeD T[gozs fJj N'nk iht-nA^fwqs pDkT[D bJh fsnkoj? . i/eo fwZNh Gkoh j? sK nAdo fJe gbk;fNe ;hN ftSkJhik ;edh j? . feBko/ &s/ T[; T[go fJZNK iK gZEo oZ^y/ ik;ed/ jB . fJe w}d{o iK xo dh n"os feBko/ &s/ p?me/j"bh j"bh trd/ gkDh ftZu iht-nAfwqs gkJh ikt/rh .

( 28 )

r'po ykd feABh <

w?_ d/ydk jK fe eJh fe;kB fgZSb/ ;?_eV/ ;kbK s'_d{i/ fe;kBK s'_ iK Ffjo s'_ NqkbhnK ]ohd e/ gqsh J/eVƒ‡-‡‚ p?b-rZvhnK gkT[_d/ nk oj/ jB . nfijk f;o@ tZv/fe;kB jh eo ;ed/ jB . S'Nk fe;kB r'po ykd BjI ]ohd;edk . T[; dh nkofEesk T[; ~ fJj fJik}s BjI fdAdh .fe;kBK d/ fdwkr ftZu fJj rZb xo eo u[Zeh j? fe i/eoe[dosh y/sh eoBh j? sK r'po ykd tZvh wksok ftZu gkT[Dhjh gt/rh . fJ; dk gfoDkw fpbe[Zb T[bNk j'fJnk j? . i'S'N/ ns/ wZX-torh fe;kB jB, i' jo ;kb r'po ykd BjI]ohd ;ed/, T[BQK B/ tZX s'_ tZX wksok ftZu o;kfJDeykdK gkT[DhnK F[o{ eo fdZshnK . fJ; Bkb G{wh pzio pDdhrJh ns/ g?dktko jo ;kb xND bZrh . fJj fe;kB nkofEe;zeN ns/ eo}/ dhnK izihoK ftZu iefVnk frnk . T[;e'b nksw-jZ^fsnk s'_ fJbktk e'Jh d{;ok o;sk pfunk jhBjI . T[j nksw-jZ^fsnk eo/ iK y/sh t/u e/ Ffjo ike/ w}d{oh eo/ . i/eo ezw Bk fwb/ sK r[zvk-rodh ns/ }[oweoB dk o;sk n]fsnko eo/ .

w?_ fJ; ;fEZsh ~ pdbD bJh e[ZM nfij/ Yzr Jhikdehs/ jB fi; Bkb fJj ;fEZsh pdb ;edh j? . fJ; ftXh~ tos e/ @;bK b?D ns/ T[gi tXkT[D bJh Bk sKo;kfJDe ykdK gkT[D dh b'V j? ns/ Bk jh r'po ykd]ohd e/ gkT[D dh e'Jh }o{os j? . brksko S/ ;kb dhnKy'iK T[gozs gsk bZrk j? fe i/eo s[jkv/ e'b ƒ‡-…‚ J/eV G{wh j? sK s[jkv/ gk; f;o@ fJe d/;h rK ns/ d'p?b j'Dk ekch j? . w?_ jo w";w dhnK ;kohnK @;bK T[OgonZv-nZv wksok &u r'po ykd gk e/ gq:'r ehs/ jB . fJep?b rZvh s'_ b? e/ ‡‚‚ feb' se SkBDh Bkb SkDh j'Jhr'po ykd gk e/ siop/ ehs/ jB . w?_ d/yDk ukj[zdk ;h

( 29 )

fe gqsh J/eV xZN s'_ xZN feABh r'po ykd }o{oh j? . fBozsogq:'rK s'_ fJj g{oh soQK ;gZFN j' frnk fe fi; soQKo;kfJDe ykdK @;b dh ][oke BjI jB, T[;/ soQK jh r'poykd th @;b dk G'iB BjI j? . i/eo }o{o jh gkT[Dh

j't/ sK ihtkD{ ;w{j (ebuo) d/ o{g ftZu ikr bkT[D d/s"o &s/ gqsh J/eV gqsh @;b ƒ‚‚ feb' r'po ykd pj[sj? . fJ; s'_ tZX gkT[D dh e'Jh b'V BjI j? .

i/eo s[jkv/ e'b fJe d/;h rK ns/ d' p?b jB sK

s[;h_ T[BQK d/ r'po ykd Bkb fJ; Yzr Bkb ƒ‡ J/eV G{whftZu nZSh-yk;h @;b b? ;ed/ j' . Bk sK e'Jh o;kfJDeykd gkT[D dh b'V j? ns/ Bk jh ]ohd e/, NqkbhnK dhnKNqkbhnK r'po ykd dh e'Jh b'V j? . pZ; nkgDh r'po ykd~ pkjo eZY e/ SK ftZu oZy e/ ‰ fdBK se ;[ek bU .i/eo Y/bQ/ pD/ j'D sK T[BQK ~ c'Ve/ SkBDh Bkb SkD

bU . p'ohnK ftZu Goe/ SK ftZu oZy bU . phi phid/ j'J/phi d/ Bkb jh gqsh J/eV, ;" feb' (gAikj feb' d/ d'E?b/) ykd fpikJh eod/ j'J/ fpikJh :zso Bkb jh gkU .o;kfJDe ykd iK ]ohdh j'Jh r'po ykd gkT[D dh e'Jhb'V BjI . fJ; Yzr Bkb s[jk~ UBh jh g?dktko fwb/rh

fiABh s[;h_ o;kfJDe y/sh Bkb b?_d/ ;h .

fJe rZb dk fXnkB }o{o oZyDk . d/;h rK dk r'po

ykd BjI j? . wkso w'jB :Bh ikr :Bh ebuo j? . fi;soQK ;" fbNo d[ZX dk djI iwkT[D bJh djI dk fJe uwuk

jh w'jB iK ikr iK ebuo d/ o{g ftZu ekch j[zdk j?T[;/ soQK jh gqsh J/eV d/;h rK dk r'po f;oc ƒ‚ feb'jh b'VIdk j? . ;" feb' SkDh j'Jh r'po ykd th fJjh ezweodh j? . s[;h_ fJ; r'po ykd ftZu E'VQk iht-nA^fwqs fwbke/ rkV/Q o{g ftZu th fpikJh d/ Bkb jh gk ;ed/ j' .

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rkVQk iht-nA^fwqs

iht-nA^fwqs s[;h_ d{;oh soQK th d/ ;ed/ j' . frZbk-rkVQkiht-nA^fwqs pDk e/ th tofsnk ik ;edk j? . T[; bJheh eoBk j? < ;" feb' d/;h rK d/ r'po (iK nZXk-nZXkfwfbnk p?b iK wZM dk r'po) T[; ftZu „ feb' r[Vns/ „ feb' t/;D iK fe;/ j'o dkb dk nkNk fwbkfdU . y/sK d/ pzB/ dh fwZNh w[Zmh Go T[; ftZu gkT[Dhj? . E'VQk-E'VQk rT{-w{so gk e/ T[; ~ uzrh soQK fwbkb?Dk j? . T[; ~ uzrh soQK rz[B b?Dk j? . fJ; soQK fJe;hok fijk-rkVQk iht-nA^fwqs pD ikt/rk . fJ; ~ fJABke[ rkVQk pDkT[Dk j? fe fJ; d/ bZv{ fij/ pD ikD .fJe fJe bZv{ fvqgo d/ EZb/ oZy e/ T[; ~ ;[Zeh xkjBkb YZe fdU . fJ; xkj &s/ fvqgo Bkb gkDh g?D fdU .fJj rkVQk iht-nA^fwqs s[;h_ g/V-g"fdnK d/ e'b oZy ;ed/j' sK fe iht-nA^fwqs iVQK se gj[zu ;e/ . frZb/ iK;[Ze/ iht-nA^fwqs ftu s[;h_ phi oZy e/ phi ;ed/ j' .

;[Zek-rkVQk iht-nA^fwqs

fJ; frZb/ rkV/Q iht-nA^fwqs ~ SK ftZu fybko e/ ;[ekbU . ;[ZeD T[gozs bZeVh Bkb e[ZN e/ pkohe eoe/ p'ohnKftZu Go bU ns/ SK ftZu oZy bU . fJj rkVQk iht-nA^fwqs;[ek e/ S/ wjhB/ se ;N'o ehsk ik ;edk j? . ;Z[eD T[gozsrkVQ/ iht-nA^fwqs ftub/ F{]w iht ;wkXh ;fEZsh ftZu y'b

( 31 )

XkoB eo b?d/ jB . id'_ s[;h_ fJ; ;[Ze/ rkVQ/ iht-nA^fwqs~ G{wh ftu gkT[_d/ j' sK Bwh fwbd/ jh fJj F{]w ihtnkgDk y'b s'V e/ ;wkXh Gzr eoe/ feqnk-Fhb j' e/ nkgDkezw eoB bZr g?_d/ jB . fiBQQK fe;kBK e'b r'po f}nkdkj't/ T[j ckbs{ r'po s'_ ;[Zek rkVQk iht-nA^fwqs pDk e/pokBh ns/ f;Aus @;bK ftZu r'po ykd Bkb fwbk e/ T[g:'reoB . pj[s tXhnk ns/ uwsekoh Bshi/ fwbd/ jB . fe;/th @;b dh fpikJh d/ ;w/_ gqsh J/eV ƒ‚‚ feb' SkfDnkj'fJnk r'po ykd (Farm Yard Menure) ns/ ƒ‚ s'_ ƒ‚‚feb' ;[Zek rkVQk iht-nA^fwqs phi d/ Bkb jh phi d/ ;kjwD/gkT[Dk j? . pj[s jh uzr/ Bshi/ fwbd/ jB . w?_ fJj siopkjo @;b bJh ns/ jo/e @bdko g"fdnK bJh eoe/ t/fynkj? . uwsekoh f;Z^N/ fwb/ jB . fJ; soQK Bkb s[;h_ o;kfJDey/sh s'_ th tZX T[gi b? ;ed/ j' .

iht-nA^fwqs dk fSVekn

w?_ iht-nA^fwqs ~ G{wh ftZu gkT[D d/ Bkb Bkb T[;dkjo @;b &s/ ns/ @bdko doZysK &s/ fSVekn eoB d/nB/eK gq:'r ehs/ jB . fJ; soQK eoB d/ fBebD tkb/f;Z^fNnK dk fBohyD ehsk j? . iht-nA^fwqs dh nZv nZvwksok tos e/ gq:'r ehs/ jB . iht-nA^fwqs ~ jo/e BSZsoftZu jo BSZso d/ jo/e uoB ftZu fSVekt d/ Bshi/ thd/y/ jBl pV/ jh uwsekoh f;Z^N/ fwb/ jB . w?_ iht-nA^fwqs~ jo/e @;b &s/ fSVe e/ d/fynk j? . T[dkjoD d/ s"o&s/ŒrzBk, e/bk, ihoh, eDe, itko, wZeh, nojo, w{Arh,wKj, S'b/, ;{oi- w[Zyh, ;oQ'_, pkiok, fwouK, fgnki, jbdh,c[Zb-g"d/, p?_rD, NwkNo, nkb{, johnK ;p}hnK, rtkok,b;D, dtk-g"d/ nkfd @;bK T[Ogo fSVeD dh ftXh fJ;soQK j? . s[;h_ wjhB/ ftZu xZ^N' xZN fJe tkoh iK d'-fszBtkoh iht-nA^fwqs fSVe' .

( 32 )

ƒa phi phiD s'_ gAdoK fdBK pknd gqsh J/eV ‡ bhNoeZgV/ Bkb SkD e/ ƒ‚‚ fbNo gkDh ftZu gk e/ fSVekneoBk j? . fJj ‡ gqshFs x'b j? .

„a phi phiD s'_ fJe wjhBk pknd T[go'es tKr jh .

…a fpikJh s'_ †‡ fdBK pknd ƒ‚ bhNo iht-nA^fwqs ƒ‡‚bhNo gkDh ftZu . fJj ‰a‡ gqshFs x'bQ j? .

†a fpikJh s'_ „ wjhB/ pknd (ˆ‚ s'_ ‹‚ fdBKftZueko)Œ„‚ bhNo iht-nA^fwqs „‚‚ bhNo gkDh .

‡a fpikJh s'_ YkJh wjhB/ pkndŒ„‚ bhNo iht-nA^fwqs„‚‚ bhNo gkDh ftZu . fJj ƒ‚ gqshFs x'bQ j? .

ˆa fpikJh s'_ fszB wjhB/ pkndŒ„‚ bhNo iht-nA^fwqs„‚‚ bhNo gkDh ftZu .

‰a fpikJh d/ ;kY/ fszB wjhB/ pkndŒ„‡ bhNo iht-nA^fwqs „‚‚ bhNo gkDh ftZu .

Ša fpikJh d/ „ wjhB/ pkndŒ„‡ bhNo iht-nA^fwqs „‚‚bhNo gkDh ftZu . fJj ƒ„a‡ gqshFs x'bQ j? .

‹a fpikJh d/ ;kY/ † wjhB/ pkndŒ…‚ bhNo iht-nA^fwqs„‚‚ bhNo gkDh ftZu .

ƒ‚a fpikJh d/ ‡ wjhB/ pkndŒ…‚ bhNo iht-nA^fwqs „‚‚bhNo gkDh ftZu . fJj ƒ‡ gqshFs x'bQ j? .

rABk-e/bk-gghsk T[Ogo iht-nAfwqs dk fSVekn L-

fJBQK @;bK T[Ogo gfjb/ gAi wjhB/ T[gob/ fSVekneoB T[gozs n]ohbh ftXh Bkb fSVekn jo/e gAdoK fdBKpknd eod/ oj' .

;ko/ @bdko g/VK T[Ogo iht-nA^fwqs dk fSVekn L-

@bdko g"fdnK dh e'Jh th T[wo j't/, T[BQK T[go wjhB/

( 33 )

ftZu fJe tkoh T[Ogo fdZsh ftXh nB[;ko iht-nAfwqs dkfSVekn eoBk j? . „‚-…‚ bhNo iht-nÂfwqs ~ „‚‚ bhNogkDh ftZu gk e/ . @bK d/ gZeD s'_ d' wjhB/ gfjbK @bdkog/V g"fdnK T[go gfjbK „ bhNo Bkohnb gkDh „‚‚ bhNo

gkDh ftZu fwbk e/ fSVeDk j? . T[; s'_ gAdoK fdBK pknd

ˆ fbNo yZNh bZ;h „‚‚ bhNo gkDh ftZu gk e/ fSVekn eoBk j? .

iht-nA^fwqs fe; soQK fJe ebuo (ikwB|ikr) j? L-

j[D s[;h_ ;'uD bZr gJ/ j't'r/ fe fJj iht-nA^fwqs fJABk jh uwsekoh Bshik d/D tkbk j? sKeh fJj iht-nA^fwqs @;bK dhnK iVQK dh ykd j?<w?_ nkg ~ dZ; d/Dk ukj[zdk jK fe iht-nA^fwqs fe;/th @;b iK g/V-g"d/ dh ykd BjI j? . fJj nDfrDsF{]w ihtK dk wjK;kro j? . fJj ;ko/ F{]w iht G{whftZu, fijV/ ][okeh sZs tos'_ :'r jkbs ftZu BjIj[zd/, T[BQK ~ tos'_ :'r jkbs ftZu pdb fdAd/ jB .d{i/ FpdK ftZu fJj ;ko/ F{]w iht ykDk gekT[Dtkbk ezw eod/ jB . fJ; soQK n;I fJBQK ~ g/V-g"fdnK d/ o;'JhJ/ efj ;ed/ jK . d/;h rK d/ fJe rokwr'po ftZu …‚‚ s'_ ‡‚‚ eo'V ihtkD{ j[zd/ jB . id'_n;h_ iht-nA^fwqs pDkT[D t/b/ „‚‚ bhNo gkDh ftZuƒ‚ feb' r'po gkT[_d/ jK sK …‚ bZy eo'V ihtkD{gk fdAd/ jK . iht-nA^fwqs pDB t/b/ jo thj fwANKftZu, cow/_N j'D T[gozs T[BQK dh frDsh nDfrDsj' iKdh j? . id'_ n;h_ iht-nA^fwqs ~ G{wh ftZu gkfdAd/ jK sK T[j g/V-g"fdnK dh ][oke gekT[D ftZuiZ[N iKd/ jB .

G{wh ftZu iKd/ jh iht-nÂfwqs fJe j'o ezw eodk

( 34 )

j? . Xosh d/ nAdo ƒ‚-ƒ‡ c[ZN se ik e/ fJj ;wkXhdh jkbs ftZu p?m/ rzv'fJnk ns/ j'o iht-izs{nK ~ T[OgotZb fyZue/ ;orow eo fdAdk j? . T[j nkgDh ;wkXh ~s'Ve/ ezw ftZu i[N iKd/ jB . fJ; ~ ;wMD bJh s[;h_fJe ezw eo' . s[;h_ id ;t/o/ jh y/s ftZu ikU sKgrvzvh d/ Bkb gJ/ ƒ-„ fdB g[okD/ rK d/ r'po ~u[Ẑe e/ t/y' . s[jk~ r'po u[Zed/ jh T[; d/ j/mK e[ZM S/e fdykJh d/Dr/ . fJj S/e fe; B/ ehs/ jB < T[j e"Dj? i' fJBQK S/eK okjh_ Xosh nAdo'_ T[Ogo tZb ~ nkfJnkj? . w?_ nfij/ „‡‚‚ S/eK ~ v{zxk g[ZN e/ d/fynk j? . w?_fJj siopk jo soQK dh fwZNh ftZu ehsk j? . w?_ d/fynkfe fJBQK S/eK ftZu'_ d' fe;w d/ iht T[Ogo nkJ/ . gfjbkr'po s'_, r/_d s'_ th r'b r'bk pDk e/ T[; ~ nZr/nZr/ b? ikD tkbk r'po-ehVk ns/ d{;ok ;kv/ d/;h rzv'J/. fJ; dk wsbp j? fe d/;h rK dk r'po Xosh &s/g?_d/ jh G{wh d/ nAdo ;wkXh ftZu p?m/ rzv'J/ ;wkXh s'Ve/s/}h Bkb T[Ogo nkT[_d/ jB ns/ fco fdB oks ezw eoBbZrd/ jB . fJ; dk fJj wsbp j'fJnk fe d/;h rK d/r'po ftZu nfijh ndGZ[s nkeofFe Fesh j? fijVh rzv'fJnKns/ nDfrDs j'o iht-izs{nK ~ fyZu e/ pkjo b? nkT[_dhj? ns/ fdB oks ezw ftZu brk fdAdh j? .

i/eo n;I wJh d/ gfjb/ j@s/ y/sK ftZu r'po ykdp?b rZvh Bkb iK No?eNo Nokbh Bkb gkT[_d/ jK ns/ T[;d/ S'N/ S'N/ Y/o brk fdAd/ jK sK pknd ftZu wJh d/ n]hoftZu n;h_ T[; ~ c"jV/ Bkb fyAvk fdAd/ jK . pknd ftZui/eo nr;s ftZu pkoF xZN j't/ sK fi; EK T[Ogo Y/obZr/ ;B T[E/ dh c;b tZX ;[edh j? ns/ fiE/ ykd ikrtKr E'VQh gJh ;h T[E/ @;b xZN ;[edh j? . fJ;/ soQK i/eopkoF tZX g? ikt/ sK fiE/ r'po d/ Y/o bZr/ ;B T[E/ c;b

( 35 )

pj[s f}nkdk tX iKdh j? ns/ T[;d/ gZs/, c[Zb ns/ @bfro iKd/ jB ns/ fJ; soQK @;b dk B[e;kB j[zdk j? .go fiE/ ykd, ikr wkso fyAv e/ gJh ;h T[E/ B[e;kBxZN j[zdk j? . fJ; dk wsbp j? fe r'po ykd g/V-g"fdnK~ ykd d/ s"o &s/ BjI ukjhdh ;r'_ f;o@ ikr, ikwBiK ebuo d/ s"o &s/ jh ukjhdh j? . feABh < gqsh J/eVf;oc ƒ‚‚ feb' SkfDnk j'fJnk r'po ykd .

wB[Zyh wb-w{so dh pDso

sZs wb w{so

frZbk wb-w{so gqsh ƒ‚‚-†‚‚ rqkw ƒ‚‚‚-ƒ…ƒ‚ rqkwftnesh gqsh fdB

;[Zek wb-w{so gqsh …‚-ˆ‚ rqkw ‡‚-‰‚ rqkwftnesh gqsh fdB

gkDh dh wksok ‰‚-Š‡ % ‹…-‹‡ %

i?fte gdkoE ŠŠ-‹‰ rqkw ˆ‡-Š‡ rqkwgqsh fdB gqsh fdB

ekopB ††-‡‡ rqkw ƒƒ-†‰ rqkw

BkJhNo'iB ‡-‰ rqkw ƒ‡-ƒ‹ rqkw

ck;c'o; …-‡a† rqkw „a‡-‡a‚ rqkw

g'NkF ƒa‚-„a‡ rqkw …a‚-†a‡ rqkw

e?bFhnw †a‡ rqkw †a‡-ˆa‚ rqkw

ikBtoK s'_ fwbD tkbk wb-w{so gqsh ikBto gqsh ;kb

ikBto ikBto dk e[Zb wb gqsh w{so gqsh

n";s Gko wb-w{so ;kb ;kb

rT{ 260 7200 2165 5100

( 36 )

pbd 360 9600 2880 6800

pZeoh 44 560 184 380

;{o 89 1120 446 630

x'Vk 620 11200 2240 9000

gkbs{ ikBtoK d/ r'j/ | fbZd | ftZmK dhpDso % (;[Z^e/ Gko dh gqshFs)

ikB- BkJh- ck;- g'NkF- e?bFh- w?r- b'jk fi;s w?r- sKpk p'o'B

to No' c'o; nw BhF Bh}

iB% nw

;{o 2.27 3. 1. 0.2 0.5 120 50 70 8.9 -

1 8 1 4 0 PPM PPM PPM PPM

d/;h 1.74 1.7 0. 0.3 0.5 140 90 210 7.1 5.0

rK 7 6 7 3 0 PPM PPM PPM PPM PPM

x'Vk 1.07 2. 3. 0.2 0.4 - 250 150 610 460

01 6 7 9 0 PPM PPM PPM 0 PPM

T{m 1.51 0. 1. 0.7 0.6 - - - - -

35 8 0 9

w[o- 2.17 2. 4. 2.6 1.3 - - - - -

HhnK 00 2 8 9

pZeoh .65 0. 0. - - - - - - -

50 03

e[dosh y/sh uko gjhnK T[go yVh j? .

1) phi-nA^fwqs

2) iht-nA^fwqs

3) nSkdB iK YZeDk

4) tkc;k iK tso

( 37 )

i/eo eko dk fJZe gjhnk N[ZN e/ pkjo fBeb ikt/sK eko o[Ze iKdh j? ubdh BjI . fJZdK jh e[dosh y/sheoB bJh T[Zgo fdZshnK uko/ rZbK eoBhnK }o{oh jB .

phi-nA^fwqs fet/_ pDkJhJ/ <

fpikJh eoB s'_ gfjbK phiK ~ NohN eoBk iK ;'XDk}o{oh j? . fJ; we;d bJh phi-nA^fwqs pj[s jh T[Osw j? .iht-nA^fwqs tKr phi nA^fwqs ftZu th w?_ T[jh uh}K gkJhnKjB i' ;kv/ e'b fpBK fe;/ ehws s'_ w"i{d jB . fJj j/mfbyhnK uh}K s'_ pDdk j? L-

1. d/;h rK dk r'poŒ‡ feb' (i/eo rK dk r'po Bk fwb/sK d/;h p?b iK wZM dk r'po th uZb/rk .)

2. rT{-w{soŒ‡ bhNo (wkBth w{so th uZb/rk)

3. u{Bk iK ebh-„‡‚ rokw

4. gkDhŒ„‚ bhNo

fJBQK uh}K ~ gkDh ftZu x'bQ e/ u"th xAN/ oZ^y' . fdBftZu d' pko bZeVh Bkb fjbkT[Dk j? . T[; s'_ pknd phiKT[Ogo phi-nA^fwqs gk e/ T[BQK ~ ;'XDk j? . T[; T[gozs SKftZu ;[Zek b?D/ jB ns/ fco phi d/D/ jB .

phi-nA^fwqs Bkb ;'X/ j'J/ phi ibdh ns/ f}nkdkwksok ftZu T[Ord/ jB . iVQK s/}h Bkb tXdhnK jB . G{whftZu bZrD tkbhnK fpwkohnK BjI bZrdhnK ns/ g"d/ nZShsoQK tZXd/ cZ[bd/ jB . e/b/ d/ ezd ns/ rzB/ dhnK rZmKbkT[D s'_ gfjbK T[BQK ~ phi-nA^fwqs ftZu v[p' e/ s[ozsbrk d/D/ jB . i/eo ihoh, fgnki, NwkNo, p?_rD iK fe;/th g"d/ dh gBhoh brkT[Dh j? sK T[BQK dhnK iVQK phi-nA^fwqs ftZu v'p e/ brk fdU .

id'_ n;h_ Xosh ftZu iht-nA^fwqs gkT[_d/ jK sK fJe

( 38 )

rokw iht-nA^fwqs ftZu ‡‚‚ eo'V (nDfrDs) F{]w ihtkD{gkT_[d/ jK . T[j ;ko/ g"fdnK bJh ][oke gekT[D tkb/ j[zd/jB . G{wh sK g{oB gkbDjko j? jh . gozs{ G{wh ftZu i'][oke j? T[j gZeh j'Jh BjI j? . gekT[D dk ezw fJj ihtkD{eod/ jB . iht-nA^fwqs gkT[_d/ jh jo gqeko d/ ][okeh sZs(BkJhNo'iB, ck;c/N, g'NkF, b'jk, rzXe, sKpk, fi;s nkfd)gZe e/ iVQK ~ T[gbZGX j' iKd/ jB . G{wh ftZu iht-nA^fwqsgkT[_d/ jh fJe j'o uwseko j[zdk j? . G{wh ftZu nDfrDsrzv'J/ nkgD/ nkg ezw eoB bZrd/ jB . fJj rzv'J/ G{whftZu gAdoK c[ZN se d/ ][okeh sZs fwZNh ns/ wb d/ wkfXnwokjh_ G{wh dh ;sj &s/ b? nkT[_d/ jB . fJBQK sZsK ~ @;bKdhnK iVQK nkgDh b'V nB[;ko tos b?_dhnK jB . ;zxD/izrbK ftZu nDfrDs @b d/D tkb/ g/V fet/_ fiT{_d/ jB<T[j ][okeh sZs feE'_ b?_d/ jB < T[BQK ~ rzv'J/ ns/ j'o iht-izs{ jh y[nkT[_d/-fgnkT[_d/ jB .

fJj nDfrDs iht-izs{ ns/ rzv'J/ sK jh ezw eod/jB id'_ T[BQK ~ G{wh dh T[gobh ;sk ftZu „‡ s'_ …„fvroh ;?b;hn; skgwkB ns/ ˆ‡ s'_ ‰„ gqshFs Bwh ns/G{wh d/ nAdo jB/ok ns/ FKs tksktoD fwb/ .

id'_ n;h_ G{wh T[go n;kXD|YZeDk gk e/ G{wh ~ YZefdAd/ jK sK fJj b'VIdk tksktoD fsnko j' iKdk j? .

nSkXD iK YZeD d/ fsAB sohe/ j' ;ed/ jBƒa fwZNh Bkb YZeDk - Soil Mulching

„a ;[Ze/ gZfsnK, gokbh nkfd Bkb YZeDk – Straw Mulching

…a ihts @;bK nkfd Bkb YZeDk – Live mulching

id n;h_ jb Bkb iK j?o' Bkb G{wh dh ekFs eod/jK sK G{wh T[Ogo fwZNh dk YZeDk gk fdAd/ jK . fJ; BkbG{wh d/ nAdo dh Bwh ns/ skwwkB mhe gZXo &s/ pfDnk

( 39 )

ofjAdk j? . fJ; Bkb iht-izs{ nkgDk ezw mhe Yzr Bkbeod/ ofjAd/ jB . fJj gfjbh fe;w dk YZeDk j? . id'_ n;I@;b dh eNkJh s'_ pknd pu/ g"fdnK d/ tZYK Bkb Xoshdk YZeDk pDk d/JhJ/ sK nDfrDs iht-izs{ ns/ rzv'J/u"th xAN/ ezw eod/ ofjAd/ jB ns/ fJ; soQK ;kvh nkT[Dtkbh @;b bJh ][okeh sZs g{o/ eo fdAd/ jB i' nkT[Dtkbh @;b d/ tXD-c[ZbD ftZu ;jkJh j[zd/ jB . fJ; tk;s/n;h_ itko, pkiok, eDe, ihoh, ;'fJnkphB, w{Arh, wKjnkfd @;bK d/ pud/ eZy-ezv/, rzB/ d/ nkr, xkj dh ns/egkj|Bow/ dh ofjAd-y{Ad nkfd i' e[ZM th y/s ftZu fwb/T[;dk YZeDk pDkT[D bJh fJ;s/wkb eod/ jK . fJj d{;ohfe;w dk YZeDk j? . sh;oh fe;w dk YZeDk n;I ;iht@;bK dk pDkT[_d/ jK . n;h rzBk, nAr{o, fJwbh, nBko,e/bk, Bkohnb, ;[gkoh, uhe{, nAp ns/ eki{ nkfd @;bKftZu i' ;fjihth nAso-@;bK iK fwFoD @;bK b?_d/ jK,T[BQK ~ ;ihth YZeDk efjAd/ jB . fJj nAso-@;bK ;kvhnKw[Zy @;bK dk e[ZM th BjI xNkT[_dhnK, T[bNk T[BQK ~tXkT[_dhnK jB .

phi-nA^fwqs Bkb phiK ~ NohN eoB s'_ pknd @;bKphiD T[gozs ns/ @;bK ~ ns/ @bdko p{fNnK ~ iht-nA^fwqs d/D Bkb jh G{wh pbtkB pDdh j? . ;iht pDdhj?, wK pDdh j? . fJj gfoDkw g{ok sK jh fwbdk j? idn;h_ Xosh o{gh wK ~ YZeDk o{gh ;kVQh Bkb YZe fdAd/jK ns/ G{wh d/ nAdo tkc;k dk fBowkD eod/ jK . tkc;kdk wsbp j? G{wh ftZu fwZNh d/ eDK d/ ftukb/ i' ]kbhirQk j[Adh j?, T[; ftZu jtk ns/ tkFgeDK d/ fwFoD dkj'Dk . G{wh ftZu gkDh BjI tkc;k ukjhdk j? :kBh fe ‡‚gqshFs jtk ns/ ‡‚ gqshFs tkFg-fJBQK d/ BK dk fwFoDukjhdk j?l feT[fe g/V-g"d/ nkgDhnK iVQK Bkb G{wh ftZu'_

( 40 )

gkDh BjI b?_d/ pbfe tkFg d/ eD ns/ gqkD-tk:{ :kBh fejtk d/ eD b?_d/ jB . Xosh ~ UBk jh gkDh d/Dk j?fi; Bkb G{wh nAdobh rowh Bkb tkFg fBowkD j' ;e/ .fJj sK jh j[zdk j? id'_ s[;h_ g/V-g"fdnK ~ T[BQK dh d[gfjodh SK s'_ pkjo gkDh fdAd/ j' . g/V-g"fdnK dh nAB-gkDhb?D tkbhnK iVQK SK dh pkjoh jZd &s/ j[zdhnK jB .

fwZNh d/ eDK &u'_ iVQK fejVk gkDh b?_dhnK jB L-

d/y' j/m fdZs/ fuZso

`lvJ } Rpfv,FZ fjSg

`lvJ } Rpfv,FZ fjSg

qp,t uC% $y dVwvg r,cg uC%

dq,Bg s[ wSJ sg lah

eiPajWv wjiV uC%J vHgbS Rpfv,FZ fjSg

FPqg ba[ uC%J dryjwibsvj Wsvg h'S rjv[ wS

( 41 )

e[dosh y/sh ftZu phi fejV/ bJhJ/ <

phi fszB soQK d/ j[zd/ jB L-

ƒa g[oksB ekb s'_ uZb/ nk oj/ d/;h phi .

„a ;[Xko/ j'J/ phi .

…a tZX MkV d/D tkb/ phiŒ;zeo phi

†a phaNha phi

tZX MkV tkb/ phi phiD Bkb G{wh pzio pDdh j?,}fjohbh pDdh j? ns/ T[; ftZu g?dk j'fJnk nBki, @bns/ ;p}hnK nkfd g"FfNe Bjh_ j[zd/ ns/ }fjohb/ j[zd/ jB,fi; Bkb ykD tkb/ wB[Zy ~ nB/eK soQK dhnK fGnkBe ns/ikB-b/tk fpwkohnK j' iKdhnK jB . tZX MkV d/D tkb/phi sK jh g?dkto tZX fdAd/ jB, i/eo }whB ftZu o;kfJDeykdK tZX wksok ftZu gkJhnK ikD ns/ wfjArhnK ehN-BkFeK dtkJhnK dk fSVekn ehsk ikt/ . fJ; Bkb @;bK&s/ nkT[D tkbk ]ouk p/jZd tZX iKdk j? ns/ fe;kB xkN/ftZu nk e/ eo}/ d/ ikb ftZu c; iKdk j? . fJ; dk f;ZNkfe;kBK dhnK }whBK ftZe iKdhnK jB ns/ fe;kB nksw-jZ^fsnktK eoB bJh w}p{o j' iKd/ jB . fJ; bJh tZX

bSRpfv,FZ

( 42 )

MkV d/D tkb/ phi fpbeZ[b Bk phi' . e/tb d/;h ns/ ;[Xko/j'J/ phi jh phi' .

g"d/ bkT[D dh ns/ phi phiD dh fdFk

fejVh j'Dh ukjhdh j? L-

;kohnK @;bK dk ns/ @bdko g/VK dk tXDk e/tbpo;ks d/ w";w ftZu jh f}nkdk j[zdk j? . po;ks dh o[ZsftZu ;{oi dZyD fdFk tZb j[zdk j?, fi; ~ ;{oi dk dZyDfdFk tZb o;sk nkyd/ jB . „ƒ i{B s'_ b? e/ „‚ d;zpose ;{oi dh o"FBh dZyD fdFk tZb nkT[_dh j? . i/eo n;h_g/V-g"fdnK ~ g{op s'_ gZSw fdFk tZb oZyd/ jK sK fJBQKT[go dZyD tZb o"FBh tZX g?_dh j? ns/ T[Oso tZb'_ o"FBhxZN g?_dh j? . fJ; soQK o"FBh g"d/ d/ f;o@ fJe gk;/ jhtZX g?_dh j? . gZ^fsnK &s/ fiABh f}nkdk o"FBh gt/rh UBkjh fJj gZ^s/ ykX-gdkoE tZX pDk b?_d/ jB ns/ UABk jhT[BQK ~ @b f}nkdk bZrdk j? . xZN o"FBh g?D Bkb xZN@b bZrd/ jB . fJ; eoe/ g{op-gZSw fdFk Bk bt' . i/eon;h_ g/V brkT[_d/ j'J/ iK @;b phid/ j'J/ dZyD-T[Oso fdFkbJhJ/ sK fdB Go g{o/ g"d/ d/ ;ko/ gZ^fsnK &s/ o"FBh ofjAdhj?, fi; Bkb T[gi tZXdh j? . fJ; bJh fdFk dZyD-T[Osojh j'Dh ukjhdh j? . i/eo }whB dk YbkD f}nkdk j't/sK fdFk e'Jh th j't/ YbkD d/ fto[ZX fdFk ftZu BkbhnKpDk e/ g/V brkT[D/ ukjhd/ jB iK phi phiD/ ukjhd/ jB .

@;bK dk iK @b-g/VK dk g'FD fet/ ;AGkbhJ/ <

e'Jh th g"dk iK doZys nkgD/ tXD bJh ns/ @bd/D bJh i' e[ZM th b?_dk j? T[; dk ‹Ša‡ gqshFs fjZ;kjtk, gkDh ns/ ;{oi dh o"FBh s'_ b?_dk j? . jtk g/V

( 43 )

iK g"d/ nkgD/ nkg b? b?_d/ jB, ;k~ d/Dh BjI g?_dh .iVQK gkDh Xosh ftZ^u'_ b? b?_dhnK jB fijVk fe XoshftZu pkoF Bkb iwQK j[zdk j? . w"B;{B dh pkoF gkDhw[@s ftZu fdAdh j?l T[; dk e'Jh ;k~ fpZb Bjh_ GoBkg?_dk . ;{oi dh o"FBh ~ g/V iK g"fdnK d/ gZs/ ;{ois'_ nkgD/ nkg b? b?_d/ jB, ;k~ d/D dh b'V BjI g?_dh .;gZFN j? fe g"fdnK iK @b-g/VK dh gotfoF e[doseodh j? ns/ e[dos jh ;k~ @b fdAdh j? . g/V iK @;bKdhnK iVQK G{wh ftZu BkJhNo/N dh Feb ftZu BkJhNo'iBb? b?_dhnK jB . G{wh dh fJj BkJhNo'iB jtk ftZu'_ nkT[_dhj? . jtk ftZu ‰Šaˆ gqshFs BkJhNo'iB j[zdh j? . jtkdh BkJhNo'iB ~ G{wh dh BkJhNo'iB pDkT[D dk ezwokJhi'phnw tor/ nB/eK F{]w ihtkD{ eod/ jB . fJjF{]w ihtkD{ @bhdko p{fNnK dhnK iVQK ftZu fBtk; eod/jB ns/ jtk s'_ BkJhNo'iB b? e/ g"fdnK ~ tXD c[ZbDbJh d/ d/_d/ jB . fJ; dk wsbp j? fe i/eo n;h_ XkBdh @;b b?D s'_ gfjbK @bhdko p{fNnK dh @;b b?bJhJ/ sK T[j nrb/ w";w dh XkB dh @;b bJh b'VIdhBkJhNo'iB gfjbK jh Xosh ftZu iwQK j' ikt/rh . fcoT[; ftZu :{ohnk gkT[D dh b'V BjI gt/rh . i/eo itko,pkiok iK wZeh dh @;b b?Dh j't/ sK T[; ftZu b'phnkiK wKj d/ „ feb' phi fwbk e/ phi' . fco :{ohnk BjIgkT[Dk gt/rk . fJ;/ soQK egkj iK Bow/ d/ phi phid/j'J/ th T[; ftZu b'phnk iK wKj fwbk e/ phi' . fcoegkj iK Bow/ ~ :{ohnk d/D dh b'V Bjh_ gt/rh . fwou,fGAvh, p?_rD iK NwkNo nkfd ;p}hnK dhnK @;bK phid/j'J/ g"fdnK d/ ftukb/ b'phnk, wKj, iK S'b/ torhnKdkbK d/ phi, phi d/JhJ/ sK fJBQK @;bK ftZu :{ohnkd/D dh b'V Bjh_ g?_dh . e'Jh th @bdko g"dk bkT[Dk

( 44 )

j't/ sK T[; d/ nk; gk; fszB iK uko p{N/ b'phnk,wKj iK Mzv{ d/ brkT[D/ ukjhd/ jB . rzBk phid/ ;w_/rzB/ d/ p{fNnK d/ ftukb/ b'phnk wKj iK uB/ torhnKdkbK phi d/DhnK ukjhdhnK jB fco rzB/ ~ :{ohnkd/D dh b'V BjI gt/rh . fJ;/ soQK e/b/ dh @;b phid/j'J/ th ftukb/ b'phnk, wKj iK S'b/ phi d/D/ ukjhd/ jB .

j[D ;k~ e[dosh y/sh eod/ j'J/ ;[gock;c/N, g'NkF,ekgo, fiAe, wkbhpv/Bw iK c?o; ;bc/N BjI gkT[Dk gt/rk .;kvh Xosh g{oD-gkbDjko j? . ;ko/ ][okeh sZs G{wh ftZup/F[wko wksok ftZu w"i{d jB . b/feB fJj sZs gZe/ j'J/BjI jB . fi; Feb ftZu T[j @;bK ~ iK @bdko g"fdnK~ ukjhd/ jB, T[j T[; Feb ftZu Bjh_ jB . gekT[Ddk fJj ezw nDfrDs gqeko d/ iht-izs{ eod/ jB .fJj iht-izs{ d/;h rK d/ r'po ftZu b'VIdh wksok ftZugkJ/ iKd/ jB . Xosh ~ gkDh fdAd/ j'J/ T[; Bkb iht-nAfwqs d/D Bkb fJj iht-izs{ Xosh ftZu gekT[D dkezw eoB bZrd/ jB ns/ ][okeh sZsK ~ gek e/ ck;c/N,g'NkF, ekgo, fiAe, b'jk, p'o'B nkfd ;ko/ ][okeh sZsiVQK ~ gj[zuk fdAd/ jB . e[dosh y/sh ftZu iht-nAfwqsdk gq:'r eoB s'_ pknd fJj ezw nkgD/ nkg F[o{ j'iKdk j? . ;k~ fe;/ th @;b bJh T[go'_ pD/ pDkJ/ ns/wfjAr/ ]ohd/ j'J/ y[okeh sZs gkT[D dh fpbe[Zb th }o{osBjh_ . ;kv/ j}koK bZyK fe;kB i' e[dosh y/sh eo oj/jB, T[Ogo s'_ e[ZM th G{wh ftZu BjI gkT[_d/ fco thT[BQK dh T[gi o;kfJDe y/sh eoB tkb/ fe;kBK Bkb'_fe;/ th sohe/ xZN BjI, tZX Gkt/_ j't/ .

G{wh g{oD-gkbDjko j? . G{wh nAdo n;h_ fiABk thv{zxk iKd/ jK UBh jh f}nkdk wksok ftZu @;bK bJhb'VId/ sZs w"i{d jB . fJj v{zxh fwZNh d/ ][okeh sZsK

( 45 )

~ G{wh dh ;sQk &s/ fbnkT[D dk ezw ;kv/ d/;h rzY'J/eod/ jB . fJBQK dk fJj ezw u"th xAN/ uZbdk ofjAdkj? . fJ; soQK fJj @;bK bJh b'VId/ ][okeh sZs T[BQK~ tos'_ :'r ;fEsh ftZu fbnk e/ d/ d/_d/ jB . ;zxD/izrbK ftZu nDfrDs @bdko g/V fJ;/ e[dosh gqfeqnkd/ f;o &s/ jh fpjso e[nkbNh d/ nDfrDs @b d/_d/jB . id'_ n;h_ @;bK iK @bdko g/VK ~ gkDh d/ Bkbiht-nAfwqs d/ fdAd/ jK ns/ G{wh ~ eZy-ezY/ Bkb iK;iht YZeD/ Bkb YZe fdAd/ jK sK fJj rzY'J/ nkgD/nkg ezw eoB bZr g?_d/ jB . fJ; soQK fJj rzY'J/ ed/T[Ogo nkT[_d/ jB ns/ edh Xosh ftZu v{zx/ iKd/ jBs/ fJ; soQK fJj Xosh dh ekFsekoh eod/ ofjAd/ jB .fJj G{wh d/ e[dosh jZb jB . fe;/ th @;b iK @bg/V~ T[Ogo s'_ e[ZM th d/D dh b'V BjI . rzY'fJnK dhfJj ekFsekoh Xosh ftZu brksko S/e eodh ofjAdhj? fi; Bkb pkoF dk gkDh Xosh ftZu ou-fwu iKdk j? .

pkoF ]sw j[zd/ jh G{wh d/ nAdobh Bwh e'fFek-nekoFB (capillary movement) Bkb j"bh j"bh ;sQk &s/ nkT[_dhofjAdh j? ns/ Bkb jh Xosh d/ nAdo v{zx/ gJ/ yfDigdkoEK ~ nkgD/ ftZu x'b e/ Bkb b? nkT[_dh j? ns/g/V-g"fdnK dhnK iVQK ~ d/ fdAdh j? .

wJh iK i{B d/ wjhB/ uZeotks T[Omd/ jB, fpibhuwedh j? pkoF j[zdh j? . fJ; Bkb pkoF dhnK p{AdK ftZufpibh d/ gqGkt Bkb jtk ftZu ;fEZs BkJhNo'iB x[b iKdhj? ns/ T[j Xosh ftZu gj[Au iKdh j? . fJ; soQK jtkdh BkJhNo'iB BkJhNo/N pD e/ iVQK ftZu gj[zu iKdhj? . e[dosh y/sh ftZu @;bK d/ ftukb/ iK @bK g"fdnKd/ ftukb/ i' th xkj iK epkV T[Ordk j?, T[; ~ g[ZNe/ T[E/ jh ;[ZN fdU . T[j T[E/ jh rb-;V e/ Xosh dh

( 46 )

][oke pD ikt/rk, fijVh fe @;bK dhnK iVQK tosb?DrhnK . fJ; soQK xkj iK epkV d/ p{N/, i' fe e[doshXB jB, ]okp BjI j'Dr/ .

rABk fet/_ brkJhJ/ <

j/m fdZs/ fuZso ~ d/y'

gfotko fenkoh ftZu bkJhnK ikD tkbhnK nAso-c;bK

i{B-i[bkJh - pk;wsh, ihoh, i[nko, pkiok, nojo,w{Ar@bh, ;{oiw[Zyh, wZeh, wA{rh, wKj, b'phnk, fsZb, egkj,fwou, jbdh, ndoe, b;D, fgnki, ;kohnK w";wh ;p}hnKns/ oKrh nkfd .

ne{spo-BtApo - eDe, S'b/, w{Ar@bh, ;{oiw[yh, nb;h,eoVh (safflower), itko, wZeh, fsZb ns/ ;kohnK w";wh;p}hnK .

iBtoh- w{Ar@bh, w{Arh, b'phnk, fgnki ;{oiw[yh, wZehns/ ;kohnK w";wh ;p}hnK .

rzB/ bJh ƒƒ c[ZN dk gNk oZ^y', :kBh fe rzB/ dhnK

11 xp,B

rzBk fet/_ bkJhJ/j/mK fdZs/ o/yk fuZso ~ r"o Bkb d/y'

i{B, i[bkJh-;kohnK ;T[Dh @;bKnes{po Btzpo-;kohnK jkVh @;bKiBtoh-;kohnK X[Zg ekb dhnK @;bK

( 47 )

d' bkJhBK d/ ftukb/ xZN s'_ xZN ƒƒ c[ZN dk @k;bk j't/ .@k;bk tXkT[D Bkb rzB/ dh T[gi xNdh BjI pbfe tXdhj?l feT[_fe rzB/ dh T[Ogi gZ^fsnK okjh_ tosh rJh ;{oidh o"FBh &s/ fBoGo j? . ƒƒ c[ZN dk @oe oZyD Bkb jogZsk ;{oi dh o"FBh ~ cVdk j? . jo jok gZsk fJe fdBftZu gqsh ;[e/no c[ZN ƒ„a‡ feb' e?boh, ;{oih T{oik ~geV e/ T[; ~ tos'_ ftZu fbnkT[_dk j? ns/ fJ; T{oikd/ f;o &s/ ekopB-vkJhnke;kJhv ns/ gkDh s'_ †a‡ rokw][oke fsnko eodk j? . fJ; ftZu ƒa‡ rokw nBki dhT[Ogi bJh tofsnk iKdk j? iK „a„‡ rokw s'_ rzB/ iK@bK dh T[Ogi fwbdh j? . fiABh tZX T{oik gZ^fsnK &s/ gt/rhT[Bh jh f}nkdk T[Ogi fwb/rh .

fJ; soQK ƒƒ c[ZN gN/ ftZu ‡ fenkohnK iK BkØhnKfwbdhnK jB . ‰ s'_ ‹ wjhB/ g[okD/ rzB/ d/ phi fijV/fe gfjb/ ;kb tkb/ rzB/ d/ j'D, phiD/ ukjhd/ jB . phibJh i/eo e[dosh y/sh tkbk rzBk j't/ sK pj[s tXhnkj? . rzB/ d/ phi dh fJZ^e' nZy jh phiDh j?, fi; dk ;o{gj/m fdZs/ fuZso ftZu fdZsk j? L-

ƒƒ c[ZN dk gNk ns/ „ nZyK d/ ftukb/ „ c[ZN dk

1¼" ¾" fJAu

fdhvJ hg `v dVwdvbj

Wgu Vj ria'

fdhvJ hg uC% dVwdvbj

Wgu Vj ria'

ria'I'e Wgu

( 48 )

nAso j'Dk ukjhdk j? . fJ; soQK ƒƒ c[ZN nAso Bkb fpikJheoB tk;s/ fJe J/eV bJh bZrGZr ƒ‡‚ rzB/ ukjhd/ jB .ƒ‡‚ rzfBnK dk Gko bZrGZr „a‡ e[fJANb pD/rk . pj[s/fe;kB j[D …‚-†‚ e[fJANb rzB/ dk phi gqsh J/eV tosoj/ jB . fJ; soQK n;I † s'_ ‡ e[[fJANb uhBh dk B[e;kBT[mk oj/ jK, fi; dh ehws ƒ„ s'_ ƒ† j}ko o[gJ/ pDdhj? . fJ; dh fpbe[Zb th }o{os BjI . f;o@ fJj jh BjIs[;h_ nkgD/ rzB/ dk phi th y[d pDk ;ed/ j' . fJe J/eVbJh phi pDkT[D bJh e/tb fJe rzB/ s'_ T[rkfJnk j'fJnkrzBk jh ekch j? . phi gbkN pDkT[D bJh T[;~ fsnkoeoB T[gozs r'po ykd gk bU ns/ „ c[ZN dhnK BkØhnKeZY bU . phi bJh f;o@ fJe rzBk ukjhdk j? fi; dhnKƒˆ nZyK j[zdhnK jB . fJ; phi gbkN &s/ ƒƒ-ƒƒ c[ZN dhu"o; fenkoh pDk e/ „-„ c[ZN &s/ fJZe fJZe nZy brkU .ƒƒ%ƒƒ c[ZN s'_ i' … BkbhnK pZu ikDrhnK T[; ftZu b'phnkiK S'b/ phi fdU . jo nZy ftZu nB/eK rzB/ c[ZN g?_d/ jB .jo nZy ftZ^u'_ fBeb/ rzB/ ftZu nkg ~ xZN s'_ xZN ƒ„ns/ f}nkdk s'_ f}nkdk …ˆ rzB/ fwbd/ jB . nAso tXkT[DBkb rzB/ f}nkdk wksok ftZu fwbd/ jB . fJ; soQK ƒˆnZyK ftZ^u'_ ƒˆ%ƒ„=ƒ‹„ rzB/ fwbDr/ . fJe J/eV rzBk phiDbJh ;k~ ƒ‡‚ rzB/ ukjhd/ jB . fJ; soQK e/tb ƒa‡ feb'd/ fJZe rzB/ d/ phi s'_ n;h_ fJe J/eV dk phi fsnkoeo ;ed/ jK . j[D rzB/ d/ phi ~ phi-nAfwqs Bkb ;'Xeoe/ ƒƒ c[ZN gN/ ftZu i' ‡ fenkohnK pDhnK jB T[;ftZu fJe Bzpo fenkoh ftZu rzBk, „ ns/ † Bzpo fenkohftZu b'phnk, S'b/ iK e'Jh th @bhdko p{Nk ns/ ftukbVh… Bzpo fenkoh ftZu Mzv{ iK ;p}h . fJ; soQK fpikJh eoBBkb ftukb/ phi/ j'J/ p{N/ ;fjihth d/ s"o &s/ tZXd/ c[Zbd/jB ns/ fJ; Bkb rzB/ dh T[gi Bjh_ xNdh . rzB/ dh

( 49 )

@;b ~ jo ƒ‡ fdBK ftZu iK xZN s'_ xZN wjhB/ ftZufJe tko gkDh Bkb iht-nAfwqs fdU .

rzBk phiD T[gozs … wjhB/ se jo BkØh ftZu gkDhd/Dk j? . jo gkDh Bkb iht-nAfwqs „‚‚ fbNo d/Dk j? .… wjhB/ s'_ pknd fi; BkØh ftZu rzBk j? T[; ftZu gkDhd/Dk pzd eo fdU ns/ pkeh BkbhnK ftZu gkDh d/_d/ oj' .:kBhfe rzB/ ~ gkDh BjI d/Dk gAqs{ nAso @;b ~ gkDhd/Dk j? . rzBk brkT[D s'_ ˆ wjhB/ pknd f;o@ Bkbh Bzpo… ftZu gkDh fdU . :kBhfe fwouh dh @;b ~, pkeh BkbhBzpo ƒ, „ ns/ † ~ gkDh d/Dk pzd eo fdU . fJ; soQKgkDh d/D Bkb rzB/ dhnK iVQK gkDh tZb ~ tXdhnK jBns/ G{wh ftZu rzB/ dk u"Vk nkXko fsnko eodhnK jB .rzB/ dhnK iVQK fit/_ fit/_ gkDh tZb ~ tXh iKdhnK jBT[t/_ T[t/_ T[BQK dh u"VkJh tXdh iKdh j? . BshiB ;o{grzB/ dh u"VkJh, T[OukJh ns/ t}B brksko tXdk ofjAdkj? . fJ; soQK eoB Bkb gkDh dh ‰‡ gqshFs pZus j[zdhj? . rzB/ ftZu iK nAso @;bK ftZu i' th xkj iK epkVg?dk j't/ T[; Bz{ iVQ s'_ g[ZN e/ T[E/ jh ;[ZN fdU . id'_nAso @;bK tX e/ G{wh ~ YZe b?_dhnK jB sK xkj iKepkV T[OrDk nkgD/ nkg jh pzd j' iKdk j? . i/eo n;h_rzB/ ~ eZND s'_ pknd T[; s'_ fBeb/ gZs/ ns/ nkr ~T[E/ jh ;[ZN d/JhJ/ sK T[j tXhnk G{wh dk YZeDk pD iKdkj? fi; Bkb Xosh ftZub/ rzY'J/ „† xAN/ nkgDk ezw eod/ofjAd/ jB ns/ rzB/ dhnK iVQK ~ gekJh j'Jh ][oke gj[zukT[_d/ofjAd/ jB . fJ; soQK T[j ;kvh Xosh dh ekFsekoh eod/j'J/ T[; ~ FeshFkbh T[gikT{ ns/ ;zg{oB pDk fdAd/ jB .b'phnk iK dkbK dh i' th @;b phih j'J/ id'_ gZe ikt/sK T[; dhnK @bhnK s'V e/ dkD/ eZY bU . i/eo fwouKiK ;p}hnK phihnK j'D sK T[BQK ~ th eZN bU . fJ;

( 50 )

soQK rzB/ dh @;b dk e'Jh th B[e;kB ehs/ fpBK n;InAso @;bK b? e/ tkX{ g?;/ tZN ;ed/ jK . fJ; soQK eoBBkb f;o@ nAso @;bK s'_ gqkgs g?f;nK Bkb ;kok ]oukfBeb nkT[_dk j? ns/ rzB/ dk T[sgkdB fpbe[Zb w[@s j'iKdk j? . fJj jh j? }ho' pZiN e[dosh y/sh .

e[dosh y/sh ftZu M'B/ dh @;b fet/_ bJhJ/ L-

Gkos ftZu j}koK ;kbK s'_ ihoh iK XkB dh y/sh

j[zdh nk ojh j? . XkB dh @;b Gkos ns/ dZyD g{oph

J/Fhnk dh gqw[Zy ns/ wjZstg{oB @;b j? . EkJhb?_v ftZu

fwb/ XkB d/ g[oksB nftF/F dZ;d/ jB fe Jh;k s'_ …‡‚‚

;kb gfjbK :kBhfe nZi s'_ ˆ‚‚‚ ;kb gfjbK th XkB

dh y/sh j[zdh ;h . f;AX xkNh dh ;Z^fGnsk ns/ jVZgk s'_

fwb/ nftF/F dZ;d/ jB fe ;kv/ d/F ftZu th „…‚‚ ;kb

Jh;k g{ot s'_ :kBhfe nZi s'_ ‡‚‚‚ ;kb gfjbK th XkB

dh y/sh j[zdh ;h . XkB dhnK ;kohnK gqikshnK UokJhik

(Oryza) e[b s'_ g?dk j'JhnK jB . g{o/ J/Fhnk, ncohek ns/

bkshBh nwohek ftZu XkB dhnK ƒŠ izrbh fe;wK fwbdhnK

jB . fiBQK ftZu'_ „ fe;wK Oryza sativa ns/ Oryza glaberrima

y/sh ftZu toshnK iKdhnK jB . J/Fhnk ftZu tosh ikD

tkbh fe;w Oryza sativa fjwkfbnk gops dhnK j/mbhnK

gjkVhnK, T[Oso g{oph okiK, T[gobk pqjwk d/F, T[Osoh

EkJhb?_v, thnsBkw ns/ dZyDh uhB nkfd gqd/FK s'_ fJZE/

nkJh j? . g[oksB ekb s'_ GkostoF ftZu j}koK ;EkBe

fe;wK fiBQK dk T[sgkdB nZi d/ jkJh:hbfvAr iK ;zeo

phiK s'_ xZN BjI ;h . ;zB ƒ‹ƒ„ ftZu i"jB e/bhB/ B/

nkgDh g[;se Intensive Farming in India ftZu fbfynk j?

fe T[; ;w/_ Gkos ftZu XkB dhnK seohpB †‚‚‚ ;EkBe

( 51 )

fe;wK ;B ns/ fe;kB T[jh phi u[D e/ nrbh @;b bJh

oZy b?_d/ ;B . ;zB ƒŠ‚† ftZu fJe wkf;e gZsoek Edingburg

Review gqekfFs j'Jh ;h, T[; ftZu fbfynk ;h fe nZi

s'_ „‚‚ ;kb gfjbK th Gkos ftZu XkB gqsh J/eV poskBhnK

Bkb'_ f}nkdk g?dk j[zdk ;h . ;'bQtI ;dh ftZu w[Hb ;kwoki

d/ ;w/_ np[b cib nbkwh B/ ;zB ƒ‡‹‚ ftZu fJe feskp

fbyh fi; dk Bkw ;h #nkJhB/ nepoh& . T[; ftZu T[; B/

gqsh J/eV XkB dh T[Ogi d/ i' nAeV/ fdZs/ jB, T[j nZi

dh joh-*Ksh d/ nAefVnK Bkb'_ f}nkdk jB .

ƒ‚tI s'_ b? e/ ƒ…tI Fskpdh d"okB dZyD Gkos d/;wokN u'bk okik B/ XkB dh T[Ogi d/ pko/ ftZu ikDekohnkgD/ foekov ftZu fby e/ oZyh j? . T[; foekov dk Bkwj?- The Cambrige Economic History of India fi; ftZufbfynk j? fe nZi s'_ ‰‚‚ s'_ ƒ‚‚‚ ;kb gfjbK skfwbBkv{oki d/ nekoN f}bQ/ ftZu gqsh j?eN/no …… e[fJANb n";sT[sgkdB ;h ns/ okwBkEg[ow f}bQ/ ftZu fJ; s'_ d[rDk:kBhfe ̂ ˆ e[fJANb n";s ;h . T[; ;w/_ e'Jh y/sh :{Bhtof;Nhw"i{d BjI ;h . T[; t/b/ f;o@ s/ f;o@ e[dosh y/sh ;h .;zB ƒŠ‚‰ ftZu i"B jkv;B B/ i' wdok; g?qihv?_;h p'ovd/ w?_po ;B B/ fbfynk j? fe T[; ;w/_ (nZi s'_ „‚‚ ;kbgfjbK) skfwbBkv{ oki d/ feT[_p/N{o oki ftZu gqsh j?eN/noˆ‚ e[fJANb XkB dk T[sgkdB fwbdk ;h .

nZi s'_ ˆ‚ s'_ ‰‚ ;kb gfjbK wjKokFNo d/ e"_eDgqd/F ftZu XkB dhnK ƒ‡‚‚ s'_ b? e/ ƒˆ‚‚ se ;EkBefe;wK ;B i' fe;kB phid/ ;B . nZi th wjKokFNo d/okJ/rVQ f}b/Q ftZu e?Fb/ ;fEZs fJZe ;z;Ek Academy ofDevelopment of Science ftZu ;EkBe XkB dhnK †‡‚ fe;wKdk toDB j? . T[BQK ftZu e[M fe;wK jBŒ ;krGks,

( 52 )

tkcbhGks, pzrkbhnkGks, nAso;kb, g{ooKsk, XzfBnk,;{b;o, jbtk, rkot/b, ihok;kb, eVk, iV{, ebkoKsk,fupkoebzpk, e"bzpk, uwubh, feqFB;kb, w;eshnk, w{rkv,gAe'bh, skpzv{jbrk, ;[y/b, ;zBk, wbrk, tkB/o, ;c/d jbrk .

j[D th fe;kBK e'b e[ZM uzrhnK XkB dhnK ;EkBe

g[oksB fe;wK w"i{d jB . wjKokFNo d/ wktbrb gqKs (g{B/f}bQ/) ;jkdoh gjkVh d/ sbjN ftZu fJe tXhnk g[oksB

;EkBe XkB fe;w j?ΠnAp/ w'jo . wjKokFNo d/ dZyD gqd/F

ftZu p;ihok ns/ T[Osoh gqd/F ftZu row w;kbk ns/e"bgh;EkBe XkB fe;wK w"i{d jB . wjKokFNo d/ osBkfroh f}bQ/

ftZu e"bzp, GVk;l EkD/ f}bQ/ ftZu e;b/, e"bgh, fMBh,yVeJhnk, p[Vek, s[b;k, e;p/, ebzph, ikBgBkl okJ/rVQ

f}bQ/ ftZu fMBh wkbr[Vhnk, GVk;, ebkw, X";kbh,

fuAwB;kb, skw;kb ;EkBe XkB dhnK fe;wK fe;kBb?_d/ jB .

g[oksB ekb ftZu ;kv/ GkostoF ftZu i' ;EkfBe XkB

dhnK fe;wK b?_d/ ;B, T[BQK d/ toDB g[oksB rqzEK ftZu

fdZs/ rJ/ jB . wjKfoFh eF:g B/ rqzE fbfynk ;h-#eF:g

y/sh ftXh&, fi; ftZu fbfynk j? fe nZi s'_ …‚‚‚ ;kb

gfjbK dZyD Gkos ftZu ;ot-T[Osw XkB dhnK ;EkBe

fe;wK ;Bl fi; soQK Ft?s;kb, (;c?d uktb), oes;kb

(bkb uktb) ;E{b;kb (ikVh uktb), dhox;kb (bzpk dkDk,

tXhnk ;tkd, pk;wsh dk g{ot o{g), Ft/stoD ebkwk

(;c?dk dkDk), oestoD ebkwk (bkb dkDk) ;E{b d/jek

ebkwk (ikVk dkDk), dhoxeosh ebkwk (bzpk dkDk),

j/wkB;zpe (;[Bfjok dkDk), eghF ;zGe (sKp{; dkDk), oes

;zGe (bkb dkDk), feqFB ;zGe (ekbk dkDk), ;[Zek Fojh

(;c?d ;[Zek dkDk), ;E{b ekfJnk ;ojh (ikVk dkDk), XB

( 53 )

Fojh (ikVk dkDk), gb;k Fojh (;[rzfXs), ;[tkd[ Fojh

(;tkfdFN) ckbk Fojh, doyFk Fojh, fBtkok (dkD/ s/ bkb

;c?dk dkr), Ft/sk :t (;c?d ikVk dkDk), feqFBk :t

(ikVk ekbk dkDk), ;kwokj Fojh (tZX T[gi d/D tkbk

ns/ gZeD ;w/_ dkDk pj[s bzpk j[zdk j?), ekbk Fojh (fwZmk

;tkd ns/ g"FfNe), ;hsk Fojh (;c?d dkDk), ghstoD

Fojh (ghb/ ozr dk dkDk, ep} ~ jNkT[D tkbk ns/ gkue) .

;kv/ g[oksB rqzE ;[ogkb ofus *ftqeF:[ot/d* ftZu

fbfynk j'fJnk j? fe nZi s'_ …‚‚‚ ;kb gfjbK fJe

;EkBe XkB dh fe;w ;h, fi; dk Bkw ;h #;k;fsek&

fijVh e/tb ˆ‚ fdBK ftZu gZe iKdh ;h . ;zB ƒƒ„ˆ

ftZu ukb{fe: Bo/F ;[w/Fto d/t B/ nkgDh ;z;feqsh GkFk

d/ ftFte'F ftZu fi; dk Bkw #nfGbkFhsoE fuAskwBh&

j?, d/ sh;o/ eKv ftZu ƒ…t/_ nfXnkJ/ ftZu e[ZM g[oksB

XkB dhnK fe;wK d/ Bkw fby/ jB fi; soQK oes;kbh,

wjK;kbh, rzX;kbh, ;fbArek, w{Av;kbh, ;E{b;kbh,

F{]Fw;kbh ns/ ;k;fEek .

ƒ‡tI ns/ ƒˆtI ;dh d/ fJe gqf;ZX n:{ot?d nukohnk

j'J/ jB, fiBQK dk Bkw nukohnk Gt fwFok ;h, T[BQK B/

nkgDh feskp Gkosh n"FXhe'F (Indian Materica Medica)

ftZu e[M n"FXh r[DK Bkb Gog{o XkB dhnK fe;wK d/ Bkw

fdZs/ jB fit/_ fe oes;kbh, ebwk, pz{Xk, Fe[Bjhs, ;[rzXhek,

eokvwkek, wjK;kbh, d[fFns, g[FgAve, g[vfoek, wfjFw;sek,

dhox;[ek, ezuBek, fj:kB (uhB s'_ nkfJnk j'fJnk),

b'Xoh g[;fgek .

ƒˆtI ;dh ftZu np[b cib nbkwh dh fbyh j'Jh

feskp #nkJhB/ nepoh& g[;se (;zB ƒ‡‹‚) ftZu fbfynk

( 54 )

j? fe ;wokN nepo ~ j/m fbyhnK XkB dhnK g[oksB

fe;wK pj[s uzrhnK bZrdhnK ;B . pkdFkj B/ y[d T[BQK

dk ;tkd uZy e/ t/fynk fi; soQK w[;ehB, ;kdk, ;[edk;,

d[Bk gqFkd, ;wihok, FZeofuABh, d/tihok, ihBihB, djke,

fiABQh;sh . fJBQK ftZu'_ fszB ;kdk, ;wihok ns/ FZeouhBh

nZi th pzrkb gqKs ftZu fe;kB T[rkT[_d/ jB . pzrbk d/F

ftZu w[FehB fe;w ~ #rzXe;s{oh& efjAd/ jB .

j[D ;kv/ d/F ftZu i/eo e'Jh ;otT[^Zsw ns/ ;[rzXs

;EkBe ;tkfdFN XkB dh fe;w j? sK T[j pk;wsh

jh j? . ftFt gqf;ZX pk;wsh . Gkos ftZu pk;wsh p[ZX

ekb s'_ gquZ^fbs j? . nZi s'_ ˆ‚‚‚ ;kb gfjbK XkB

d/ pko/ feqFBk nk:[ot/d ftZu ohjh (Rhihi) Bkw Bkb

dZf;nk frnk j? . p[ZX ;kfjs ftZu XkB ~ ;kbh, sKd{b,

Gksw BktK Bkb dZf;nk frnk j? . gkfDBh B/ nkgDh

g[Fse nFNkfXnkJh ftZu XkB ~ b'fjsk;kbh Bkw Bkb

fbfynk j? . ;kv/ d/F ftZu fiBQK pk;wsh dhnK tXhnk

fe;wK fe;kB b? oj/ jB, T[BQK ftZu'_ e[M jBŒpk;wsh,

gkfe;skBh pk;wsh, d/jokd{B pk;wsh, nAfwqs;o pk;wsh,

oDpho pk;wsh, e;s{oh pk;wsh, jfonkDk pk;wsh, gAikp

pk;wsh, pk;wsh 217, 386, ;[go pk;wsh 385, pk;wsh

198, g{;k pk;wsh n?uaphapha 19, pk;wsh 370 .

d{;oh ;otT[Osw ;[rzfXs ;EkBe fe;wK ;kv/ d/F ftZu

jBŒpkdFkjh G'r, nAp/w'jo 157, nAp/w'jo 159, nAp/w'jo

102, fXBkw;kb 39, fuB"o, d[poki, pkdFkjh e'bw,

jhoeDh, itc{b, fJAdokDh, n?uan?waNha Nh-412, wjh

;rzXh, rZX;kb, so"oh eoBkb .

( 55 )

e[M ;[rA^fXs XkB dhnK fe;wK dk t/otk Œ

XkB dkD/ dh No of Ears/sq.m Weight of

dh T[gi NB gqsh gqsh ;[e/no whNo ears fJZefe;w j?eNo G[wh s/ f;ZfNnK f;N/ dk t}B

dh frDsh

1988 1989 1988 1989 1988 1989

pk;wsh 370 1 .06 2 .28 263 256 0 .55 1.46

gkfe;skBh pk;wsh 0 .68 - 253 - 0 .44 -

e;s{oh 1 .90 2 .67 252 275 0 .69 1 .50

oDpho pk;wsh - 2 .58 - 266 - 1 .25

pkdFkjh G'r 2 .84 3 .57 311 293 1 .00 1 .73

Nh 412 1 .63 - 288 - 0 .57 0

r[ioks oki d/ wfjFBk f}bQ/ dh ekN'b sfj;hbd/ nwokg[o fgAv ftZu Fqh nAfwqs GkJh gN/b ns/ Fqhokw/F GkJh gN/b nkgDh ;z;Ek #rokw Gkosh& tZb'_ g[oksB;EkBe XkB dhnK fe;wK d/ phi ;zGkb e/ oZy oj/ jB .

M'B/ d/ phi fejV/ bJhJ/ <

fe;/ th jkbs ftZu Fzeo phi iK y/sh :{Bhtof;NhtZb'_ f;@koF ehshnK fe;wK Bk bU . T[BQK dk g{oBpkJhekN eo'l feT[_fe Fzeo phi tZX T[sgkdB d/D tkb/j[zd/ jB, nfijk T[j efjAd/ jB go fJj ;ok;o M{mj?, X''yk j? ns/ H?o-ftfrnkBe rZb j? . e'Jh th Fzeofe;w tZX MkV d/D tkbh BjI j[zdh . i/eo n;h_ T[BQKftZu o;kfJDe ykdK Bk gkJhJ/ sK Fzeo XkB dh fe;wd/;h fe;w Bkb'_ th xZN T[Ogi fdAdh j? . f;o@ o;kfJDe

( 56 )

ykdK gkT[D &s/ jh tZX T[Ogi fdAdh j? . fJj tZX T[sgkdBT[; XkB dk tZX T[sgkdB BjI j?, pbfe o;kfJDeykdK ns/ ehN-BkFe dtkJhnK d/ n;o EZb/ ekop'jkJhvo/Nns/ gkDh dk tZX T[sgkdB j? . u"bK dk tZX T[sgkdB:kBhfe T[; ftZu g"FfNe sZsK dk tZX j'Dk ns/ T[;ftZu n"FXh sZs j'D/, T[; dk tZX T[skgdB wA^fBnkikDk ukjhdk j? . i' fe fJ; Fzeo dkfDnK ftZu BjIj[zdk . i/eo ƒ‚‚ feb' o;kfJDe ykd gk e/ Fzeo fe;wd/ e/tb ‡‚ feb' dkD/ j[zd/ jB sK ;EkBe fe;w;k~ ‰‡ feb' dkD/ fdAdh j? . e[M u'DthnK ;N/N bkJhBfe;wK ˆ‚ feb' dkD/ fdAdhnK jB . ‡‚ feb' Fzeo uktbdh ehws …‚‚ o[gJ/ j[zdh j?, ˆ‚ feb' u'DthnK ;N/NbkJhB fe;w †‡‚ o[gJ/ fdAdh j? id'_ fe ;EkBe ;[rzXspk;wsh d/ ‰‡ feb' uktb d/ ƒ‡‚‚ o[gJ/ fwbd/ jB .feE'_ g?;k tZX fwfbnk . Fzeo dk …‚‚ o[gJ/, f;ZXh fe;wdk †‡‚ o[gJ/ ns/ pk;wsh dk ƒ‡‚‚ o[gJ/ . Fzeo fe;wdk T[sgkdB gqsh J/eV „Š e[fJANb XkB, f;ZXh fe;wdk T[sgkdB gqsh J/eV ƒŠ e[fJANb, ;EkBe pk;wshdk ƒ„ e[fJANb . *wtko uktb ƒ„, ƒ‚aŠ, ‹ e[fJANbfBebd/ jB . fJ; soQK Fzeo uktb 12x600-7200 o[gJ/,f;ZXh fe;w 10.5x750=8200 o[gJ/ ns/ ;EkBe pk;wsh9x2000=18000 o[gJ/ fdAdh j? . ;EkBe pk;wsh ;k~ ;Gs'_ f}nkdk g?;k fdAdh j? . Fzeo fe;w dk tZX T[sgkdBfJe X'yk j?, SV:zso j? . s[;h_ eh ukj'r/ < Fzeo phiphi e/ ;G s'_ xZN g?;k, xkNk, eo}k, p?_e-ipshiK ;EkBe ;[rzXs fe;wK phi e/ tZX g?;/ . iht-nAfwqsT[g:'r eoe/ ;kv/ fe;kB s[jkv/ Bkb'_ tZX T[Ogi ns/w[Bkck, }ho' piN e[dosh y/sh okjh_ b? oj/ jB . ]ouke[M th BjI ]ohdDk e[ZM th BjI .

( 57 )

FAeo fe;w, f;ZXh fe;w ns/ ;EkBe fe;w ftZueh @oe j ?-

Fzeo f;ZXh ;EkBefe;w fe;w fe;w

gqsh ‹ ;[e/no c[ZN G{wh ftZu

g"fdnK dh frDsh 20 20 20

gqsh g"dk f;Ẑ fNnK dh frDsh 18 20 20

gqsh f;ZNk gZe/ dkfDnK dh frDsh 115 70 53

gqsh f;ZNk ngZe dkfDnK dh

frDsh 10 18 21

gqsh f;ZNk dkfDnK dh frDsh 90- 62- 56-

150 128 116

gqsh g"dk gZe/ dkfDnK dh

frDsh 2070 1400 1060

gqsh g"dk e[Zb dkfDnK dk

t}B (rqkw) 55 .9 38 .5 28 .6

gqsh g"dk gkfb; Bk ehs/

uktb dk t}B (rqkw) 47 .6 32 .2 24 .4

gqsh g"dk ;[Zek G{;k t}B 33 46 45 .6

ihoh ns/ G{;/ dh o/F'''' 167 83 62

ƒ‚‚‚ dkfDnK dk t}B 23 23 23

gqsh d; rZmk ihoh dk

t}B (feb') 1165 787 597

gqsh d; rZmK ihoh dk

t}B (g"_v) 2568 1735 1316

( 58 )

e[dosh y/sh ftZu XkB dh @;b ~ jtk ftZ^u'_ BkJhNo'iBfet_/ fwbdk j? L-

n;h_ nkgDh e[dosh XkB dh @;b ~ e'Jh :{ohnkiK o;kfJDe ykd BjI gkT[_d/ . gAqs{ @;b ~ sK BkJhNo'iBukjhdh j? . n;I iht-nAfwqs d/tKr/ . b/feB iht-nAfwqsd/D Bkb pkeh ][okeh sZs sK fwbd/ jB, BkJhNo'iB xZNfwbdk j? . eh BkJhNo'iB d/D bJh e[ZM nbZr fJAsikweoBk gt/rk < Bjh_ ! feT[_fe e[dos B/ fJj fJAsikw, iVQKd/ e'b jh eo fdZsk j? . XkB dh @;b gkDh ~ pj[s fgnkoeodh j? . fiE/ pj[s pkoF j[zdh j?, T[E/ pkoF d/ gkDh ftZujtk ftZu'_ BkJhNo'iB x[Zb e/ nk iKdh j? ns/ @;bK dhnKiVQK ~ fJj BkJhNo'iB fwb iKdh j? . b/feB T[; dh wksokxZN j[zdh j? . XkB dh @;b nkgD/ nkg ~ go;fEshnKw[skfpe YkbD dh n;hw ;woZEk oZydh j? . fiE/ pj[s pkoFj[zdh j? T[E/ XkB dh @;b e/tb gkDh d/ yVD s/ jh tXDbZrdh j? . id'_ s[;h_ f;AikJh eod/ j' sK f;AikJh d/ gkDh&s/ th nkgD/ nkg ~ tXk b?_dh j? . id'_ pokBh y/sh ftZuf;o@ pkoF d/ gkDh &s/ fBoGo j[zdh j? sK fpBK gkDhs'_ th Xosh ftZu'_ Bwh b? e/ nkgD/ nkg ~ tXk b?_dh j? .

XkB dh @;b dhnK iVQK d/ e'b T[;dh nABdkskwkJhe'okJhik Bkwe T[Obh pj[s j[zdh j? i' fe XkB dhnKiVQK e'b ofj e/ T[; ~ BkJhNo'iB, ck;c/N, g'NkF ns/pkeh ;ko/ ][okeh sZs T[gbZGX eokT[_dh ofjAdh j? . fJe j'oT[Obh rb'w; n?ro' ekogw th ;ko/ ][okeh sZsK ~ iVQKse gjz[ukT[_dk j? . fJ; soQK fJj eJh soQK dhnK T[ObhnKns/ cc{zdK (Fungus and Algae) gkDh ftZu ofj e/ iVQK d/B/V/ nkgD/ xo (Colonies) pDkT[_dhnK jB . G{wh ftZ^u'_ ns/jtk ftZu'_ ykd gdkoE b? e/ gkDh ftZu SZv fdAdhnK jB,fiBQK ~ iVQK g"d/ d/ tXD c[ZbD bJh tos b?_dhnK jB .

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fJ; bJh ;k~ BkJhNo'iB d/D bJh e'Jh :{ohnk gkT[D dhb'V BjI g?_dh . fJj ;ko/ d';s T[ObhnK ns/ cc{zdK f;o@e[dosh y/sh ftZu jh j' ;edhnK jBl feT[_fe s/} o;kfJDKBkb fJj wo iKdhnK jB . fJj cc{zdK, e[M p?eNhohnk fit/_fe p?;hfb; g"bhfwe;k tor/ ck;c/N T[gbZpX eokT[D tkb/ihtkD{ d/ Bkb fwbe/ ezw eodhnK jB ns/ T[BQK dh wddBkb ck;c/N g"fdnK ~ T[gbZpX eokT[_dhnK jB . fJ; soQKe[dosh y/sh ftZu ;k~ T[Ogo s'_ XkB dh @;b ~ e'Jhth o;kfJD ykd tosD dh b'V BjI g?_dh . fJ; bJh e[doshy/sh }ho' p}N j? .

XkB dh @;b fet/_ bJhJ/ <

XkB dh @;b b?D dhnK fszB ftXhnK jB L

ƒa ;zg{oB e[dosh ftXh (Total Natural System)

„a phi phie/ gqAgokrs ftXh (Ancient Seed SowingSystem)

…a gBhoh phiD tkbh ftXh (Transplanting System)

†a ;zg{oB e[dosh ftXh (Natural System)

eJh j}koK ;kbK s'_ b? e/ joh-eqKsh F[o{ j'D s'_ gfjbKse Gkos ftZu XkB dh @;b eZND s'_ pknd s[ozs dkbKdh @;b phih iKdh ;h . eh T[d/F ;h < T[d/F ;h fe nZr/,yohc ftZu fijVh XkB dh @;b b?Dh j? T[; d/ bJh, jtkftZu'_ BkJhNo'iB b? e/ G{wh ftZu BkJhNo'iB fJeZmh eoBtkb/ p{fNnK ~ bkT[Dkl G{wh ftZu j{zw; fJZemk eoBk ns/g[okDh T[gbZGX Bwh d/ f;o &s/ dkbK dh @;b b? e/ nkgDhnkwdB tXkT[Dkl ykD/ ftZu fJe-dbh nBki d/ Bkb Bkbd'-dbh dkbK dk fwFoD j'Dkl G{wh tZX s' tZX johnkbhBkb YZeh oj/ sK fe n;h_ gqsh fdB ƒ„a‡ feb' e?b'ohgqsh ;[e/no c[ZN dh do Bkb, ;{oih T[oik ~ g"fdnK ftZu

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geV b?_d/ jK ns/ T[; Bkb 4.5 rokw ykd gdkoE dkfBowkD j[zdk j?l :kBhfe e[dos dh tZX s'_ tZX tos'_ eoe/f}nkdk s'_ f}nkdk ;zgsh tZ^X/ . G[wh ftZu @;b dhnK iVQKi' ][oke b?_dhnK jB, T[j fJe ftF/F gqeko d/ ][oke Gzvkos'_ b?_dhnK jB . fi; dk Bkw j? ihtB-dqt (Humas) . XkBdh @;b s'_ pknd id'_ n;h_ oph dh dkbK dh @;b b?d/jK sK fJ; Bkb ihtB dqt dh wksok Xosh ftZu tZXiKdh j? . fJj ;kvk p?_e p?b/_; j[zdk j? . G{wh ftZu fiABkf}nkdk ihtB dqt j't/rk T[OBh jh ;kvh G{wh pbtkB j't/rh .;kvk T[d/F j'Dk ukjhdk j? fe G{wh ftZu fBozso ihtB-dqZt dk fBowkD ezw uZbdk oj/ .

ihtB-dZqt fejV/ fejV/ sZsK s'_ pDdk j? L-

ihtB dZqt ftZu ekopB ns/ BkJhNo'iB gqw[Zy sZs j[zd/jB . T[; dk go;go nB[gks ƒ‚Lƒ dk j[zdk j? . G{wh ftZuj{zw; dk fBowkD eoB bJh ekopB ns/ BkJhNo'iB G{whftZu fJeZmk eoBk j? . ekopB feE'_ fwbdk j? . G{wh ftZuekopB fBozso rbh ;Vh tB;gsh ns/ ;[Ze/ gZ^fsnK nkfdd/ YZeD/ s'_ fwbdk j? . ;[Zeh tB;gsh Xosh ftZu ftxZNBj' e/ ekopB, j{zw; tk;s/ fwb iKdk j? b/feB BkJhNo'iBpj[s xZN j[zdk j? . fJ; soQK ;k~ BkJhNo'iB dh ftt;EkeoBh g?_dh j? . jtk ftZu ‰Šaˆ gqshFs BkJhNo'iB j? . dkbKdhnK c;bK, jtk ftZu'_ BkJhNo'iB b?_dhnK jB ns/ G{whftZu fJeZmk eodhnK jB . i/eo n;h_ yohc dh XkB dh@;b b?D s'_ gfjbK oph ftZu fJe dkb dh @;b b? bJhJ/sK G{wh ftZu b'VIdh wksok ftZu BkJhNo'iB fJeZmh j' iKdhj? . dkbK dh @;b eZND s'_ pknd s/} X[Zg s'_ pukT[DbJh G{wh T[Ogo YZeDk ftSk e/ oZyDk pj[s }o{oh j? sKfe G{wh ftZu Bwh pDh oj/ ns/ F{]w ihtkD{ j{zw; fBowkD

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dk ezw eod/ ofjD . fJ; soQK j{zw; d/ ftxNB s'_ fwbhekopB ns/ F{]w ihtK okjh_ Xosh ftZu fJeZmh ehshBkJhNo'iB fwb e/ g"fdnK bJh ;ko/ ][okeh sZsK dk fBowkDeo fdAd/ jB . pkoF nkT[D &s/ fit/_ jh Bwh tXdh j?fJj fBowkD ezw j'o th s/} j' iKdk j? . fJ; soQK Bkbnrbh XkB dh @;b se G{wh g{oh soQK fsnko j' iKdhj? ns/ ;kvh XkB dh @;b tXhnk j[zdh j? . fJj j? XkBdh T[gi b?D dk e[dosh sohek .

XkB s'_ gfjbh @;b ΠdkbK dh y/sh

j[D s[jkvh XkB dh @;b yVh j? . eNkJh bJh fsnkoj? . @;b eNkJh dh ;fEZsh ftZu j? . gZs/ ghb/ ozr tZbik oj/ jB . dkD/ gZeD dh ;fEZsh ftZu gj[zu oj/ jB .go pZbh ni/ E'VQh E'VQh joh j? . fJj ;fEsh j[zdh j? eNkJhs'_ ƒ‡ fdB gfjbK dh . @;b eZND s'_ ƒ‡ fdB gfjbKdkbK fit/_ fe S'b/, wKj, phB} d/ phi, phi nA^fwqs Bkb;'X e/ SK ftZu ;[ek bU . yVh XkB dh @;b T[go fJ;soQK T[Skb e/ fSVekU eo' fe ;ko/ phi g{oh soQK @;bd/ T[go g?D . fJj dkbK d/ phi ghbh g? ojh XkB dh@;b T[go'_ fc;b e/ G{wh T[go fro ikDr/ . e[M e[ phiF[o{ ftZu gZ^fsnK T[Ogo nNe ikDr/ . b/feB jtk d/ M'_fenKBkb T[j th j/mK fro ikDr/ . T[; ;w/_ T[Oso g{oph w"B;{Bdh toyk th j' ;edh j? . fJ; Bwh Bkb dkbK d/ phiT[Or e/ T[go nk ikDr/ . sd se XkB dh @;b eZNDdk ;wK nk ikt/rk . XkB d/ gZs/ ;Z[e rJ/ j'Dr/ . ;{oidh o"FBh dkbK d/ gZ^fsnK se gj[zu ikt/rh . fJ; Bkbdkb d/ g"d/ tXD bZrDr/ .

XkB dh @;b eZNd/ ;w/_ dkbK d/ nke[zo g?oK EZb/ fwZX/ikDr/ . f@eo Bk eo' . eNkJh j[zd/ jh ;{oi dh o"FBh fwbd/

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jh fJj nAe[o fco s'_ tZXD bZrDr/ . G{wh ftZu fiABh Bwhj't/rh UBh jh s/}h Bkb dkb dh @;b tX/rh . fJ; jh;w/_ f;AikJh eoBh j? . Bkb jh iht-nAfwqs d/Dk j? . @;b&s/ jo wjhB/ iht-nA^fwqs dk fSVekn eoBk j? . i/eo f;AikJhdh ;j{bs T[gbZGX Bk j't/ sK EZb// ftZu Bkbh bZrh j'Jhe/Bh Bkb ]kbh EK T[go iht-nAfwqs E'VQk E'VQk fyAvk d/Dkj? . i/ f;AikJh dh ;j{bs j? sK wjhB/ ftZu d' tkoh gkDhd/Dk j? ns/ Bkb jh iht-nAfwqs gkT[Dk j? .

XkB d/ y/sK d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ pDhnK tZNK T[Ogo d' bkJhBKfrbf;vhnk ns/ d'BK bkJhBK d/ ftukb/ nojo brkU .fJj s[jk~ nZr/ uZb e/ YZeDk pDkT[D d/ ezw nkT[Dr/ .frbf;vhnk ftZu …aˆ-†aˆ gqshFs BkJhNo'iB j[zdh j? . fJjpj[s s/}h Bkb tZXdk j? ns/ „ƒ fdBK ftZu fJ; ~ tZ^fYnkik ;edk ` . nojo dk T[sgkdB th fwb/rk ns/ fJ;dk ;[Zek eZy-ezYk YZeDk pDkT[D d/ ezw nkt/rk . fJBQKd'tK dhnK iVQK ftZu, jtk ftZu'_ BkJhNo'iB b? e/ }whBftZu iwQK eoB tkb/ okJhi'phnw Bkwh F{]w ihtkD{ j[zd/jB . T[j jtk ftZu'_ BkJhNo'iB b? e/ G{wh ftZu ;zfrqj eod/jB . fJ; dk ckfJdk ;kvh XkB dh @;b ~ j[zdk j? . XkBdh y/sh d/ pzBQk &s/ uhe{, w[;Zwh, e/bk, ;hskcb, nBko,eki{, Bkohnb, ;[gkoh, nAp nkfd tor/ @bdko g/V brkU .fJBQK dk ;kvh XkB dh @;b &s/ e'Jh wkVk n;o Bjh_gt/rk . pbfe ;k~ tkX{ T[sgkdB fwb/rk . i/ p/Nh dk ftnkjeoBk j? iK pZ^funK ~ T[Ouh f;Z^fynk d/Dh j? sK e/tbXkB dh T[gi Bkb Bjh_ j' ;edh . T[; bJh @bdko g/Vbrk e/ tkX{ T[sgkdB dh ftt;Ek eo' . fJj pj[s }o{oh j? .

wkou wjhB/ ftZu dkbK dh @;b gZe ikt/rh . T[;dh eNkJh eo' . dkD/ eZY e/ T[; dk ;kok eZy ezvk ]kbhXosh &s/ fyAvk e/ T[; dk YZeDk pDk fdU . XkB dk eZy-

( 63 )

ezvk iK i' th j'o eZy-ezvk T[gbZGX j't/ T[;dk YZeDkpDkT[D bJh T[g:'r eo' . ;koh G{wh YZeD/ Bkb YZe fdU .dkbK dh eNkJh eod/ jh c"oB fJj YZeDk gk fdU . YZeDkgkT[D s'_ gfjbK ]kbh G{wh &s/ iht-nAfwqs fSVe fdU .g{ok wkou, ngq?b, wJh ns/ i{B wjhBk fJj G{wh YZeD/Bkb YZeh oj/rh . sgdh j'Jh s/} soko X[Zg s'_ ns/ s/}trdhnK row jtktK s'_ fwZNh ns/ G{wh d/ nAdob/ ihtizs{ ;[oZ^fyns ofjDr/ .

wJh d/ gfjb/ j@s/ ;EkBe ;[rzfXs fe;wK d/ XkB d/phi, phi-nAfwqs Bkb ;kXD T[gozs SK ftZu ;[Zek bU . YZeD/Bkb YZeh j'Jh Xosh ftZu fJe bzw/ jZE tkbh dksoh Bkbƒ-ƒa‡ c[ZN d/ ck;b/ s/ S/e eo bU . fJBQK S/eK ftZu iht-nAfwqs Bkb ;kX/ j'J/ phi G{wh ftZu gk e/ T[; T[go E'VQkE'VQk fwZNh gkT[_d/ ikU . g{o/ y/s ftZu fJZdK jh eo fdU .wJh d/ wjhB/ ftZu pkoF j't/rh . pkoF j'D T[gozs YZeD/d/ T[Ogo iht-nAfwqs fSVe fdU . d{;oh pkoF Bkb iht-nAfwqs G{wh ftu gj[zu ikJ/rk . G{wh ftZu Bwh, iht-nA^fwqsns/ eZy-ezv/ d/ YZeD/ dk fse'Bk w/b j'D Bkb pVh s/}hBkb ihtB-dqZt (Humas) dk fBowkD j'D bZrdk j? . d/;h rzv'J/ s/}h Bkb nkgDk ezw F[o{ eo fdAd/ jB . fJj G{whdh ekFs eoe/ nkgDk wb-w{so ns/ ofjAd-y{Ad YZeD/ d/EZb/ Xosh dh ;sQk &s/ gkJh iKd/ jB . fJ; Bkb XkB d/phi tXhnk T[Or e/ YZeD/ ftZu'_ nkgDk o;sk pDkT[_d/ j'J/TO[go ;{oi tZb tZXd// nkT[Dr/ . gfjbK bJh rJh dkb dh@;b B/ i' BkJhNo'iB G{wh ftZu ;zfrqj ehsh ;h T[j eZy-ezv/ d/ ftxNB &u'_ g?dk j'Jh ekopB Bkb fwb e/ ihtB-dqZt pDkT[D dk wjkB ezw eo/rh ns/ XkB dhnK iVQK ~;koh b'Vh_dh ][oke fwbdh oj/rh . pkoF d/ gkDh Bkb iKf;AikJh d/ gkDh Bkb wjhB/ ftZu d' tko iht-nAfwqs d/Dk j? .

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XkB dh fJ; @;b ~ fe;/ th o;kfJDe ykd, ezg';N

ykd, towhezg';N ykd, pkfJU vkfJfBfwe ykd, Ffjd, xh,

n?o'rhqB iK nrBh j'sok ftXh nkfd dh e'Jh }o{os Bjh_

j? . fJj ;ko/ o;kfJDe y/sh ;kXB jB ns/ fe;kBK dh

bZ[N eoB tkb/ jB, G{wh ~ }fjohbk pDkT[D tkb/ jB

ns/ F'FD eoB tkb/ jB . fJBQK dh ed/ th b'V Bjh_ j? .

e/tb wjhB/ ftZu d' tko f;AikJh d/ gkDh Bkb iht-nAfwqs

fdU . fJBQK T[Ogo dZ;h ftXh nB[;ko wjhB/ ftZu „-… tkoh

iht-nA^fwqs d/ x'b dk fSVek eoBk j? . e'Jh B[e;kB

gj[zukT[D tkb/ ehV/ nkT[D d/ n;ko j'D sK fBAw-n;so,

pqjw-n;so ns/ nrBh-n;so dk fSVek eoBk j? . nkw

s"o s/ iht-nAfwqs dk fSVek jh ekch ofjAdk j? . fJ;

Bkb fpwkohnK d/ ehN nkT[_d/ jh BjI ns/ T[go'es dtkJhnK

th fSVeD dh b'V Bjh_ g?_dh .

id'_ @;b gZeD dh ;fEZsh ftZu j't/ sK eNkJh s'_

gAdoK fdB gfjbK dkbK (S'b/, wKj iK phB} nkfd) yVh

XkB dh @;b T[go fSVe fdU . ƒ‡ fdBK pknd dkD/

gZed/ jh @;b eZN bU . ]kbh G{wh &s/ iht-nAfwqs fdU .

j' ;e/ sK f;AikJh eo fdU . dkb dh @;b T[Or nkt/rh

ns/ tXD bZr/rh .

jo ;kb fJj uZeo ubkU .

„a phi dh fpikJh eoe/ XkB dh @;b b?D dh ftXhL

n;h_ t/fynk fe gqsh J/eV ;" feb' r'po ykd ekchj? . o;kfJDe ykd iK e'Jh th j'o ykd ]qhdD dh b'VBjh_ j? . XkB d/ phi, phi-nAfwqs Bkb ;kX e/ oZ^y' . ;kvkfpikJh eoB dk i' gqAgokrs n"}ko j? T[j fsAB ckfbnktkbk j? . jo d' ckfbnK ftukb/ @k;bk fJe c[ZN dk oZ^y' .

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n;h_ XkB d/ Bkb wKj dh nAso c;b b?Dh j? . ftXh fJ;gqeko j? . d/y' fuZso

fszB c[ZN nAso Bkb d' bkJhBK XkB dhnK nkT[_dhnK

jB . fJ; soQK tk;st ftZu XkB dhnK d' bkJhBK fJe

c[ZN d/ ck;b/ T[Ogo ns/ d'-d' c[ZN d/ ck;b/ &s/ j'DrhnK .

fJBQK d' gArshnK d/ ftukb/ wKj dh fJe gArsh j't/rh .

fJj wKj xZN T[OukJh se tZXD tkbh (p"Dh) fe;w dk

j'Dk ukjhdk j? . jo d' bkJhBK ftukb/ phih wKj dh @;b

uko ezw eo/rh . gfjbK ezw XkB ~ jtk ftZ^u'_ w[@s dh

BkJhNo'iB b? e/ d/t/rh . d{;ok G{wh T[go YZeDk pDkT[D

dk ezw eo/rh, sh;ok jkBhekoe ehfVnK s'_ XkB dh @;b

~ pukt/rh ns/ u"Ek T[sgkdB d/t/rh . XkB dh @;b b?D

bJh ]ohd e/ e[M th BjI fbnkT[Dk g?Dk . fco th w}d{oh

sK bZr/rh . T[j w}d{oh dk ]ouk wKj dh nAso-@;b eZY

d/t/rh ns/ XkB dh @;b g{oB p'B; ;to{g fwb/rh . fJj

j? }ho' piN e[dosh y/sh .

T[Ogo fdZsh ftXh Bkb fpikJh n"}ko Bkb fpikJh eoB

bJh fszB w}d{o gqsh J/eV ƒ‚‚ feb' SkfDnk j'fJnk r'po

ykd (n?catkJhan?wa) ;kjwD/ phiDrhnK ns/ fgZS/ phi

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phiDr/ . gfjb/ w}d{o e'b XkB d/ phi, d{;o/ e'b wKjd/ phi ns/ sh;o/ e'b XkB d/ phi j'Dr/ . id'_ fpikJhdk n"}ko gbN e/ nkt/rk sK XkB d/ Bkb XkB dh jhbkJhB nkt/rh . fJ; soQK g{oh fpikJh eo' . j' ;e/ sK iht-nAfwqs fdU . iht-nAfwqs dk fSVek eo' . pj[s tXhnk XkB

dh @;b j't/rh .

gBhoh okjh_ XkB bkT[D dh ftXh

g{o/ ftFt ftZu, ftF/F eoe/ dZyD g{ot J/Fhnk ftZuns/ Gkos ftZu XkB o[gkJh j[D nkw rZb j' rJh j? . w?_d/fynk j? fe o[gkJh s'_ fJABk o'g gkT[D bJh pj[s ;kohnKrZbK eoBhnK g?_dhnK jB . iBtoh s'_ wJh se izrbK ftZu'_;[ZehnK j'JhnK gZshnK ns/ NkjDhnK fbnKdhnK iKdhnKjB . T[; bJh ;kvhnK n"osK fdB Go izrb ftZu GNedhnKjB . ;[Ze/ gZs/ iwQK eodhnK jBl TO[u/ T[Ou/ g/VK &s/ uVQe/NfjDhnK s'VdhnK jBl s'Vd/ s'Vd/ eJh tko EZb/ fvZriKdhnK jB . }]wh j' iKdhnK jB, jZvhnK g;bhnK s[Vtkb?_dhnK jB . fJ; soQK ghVK dk fFeko j[zdhnK jB . fJjghVk NfjDhnK s'VD tkbhnK wfjbktK ~ jh Bjh_ j[zdh,T[BQK g/VK ~ th j[zdh j?, fiBQK dhnK NfjDhnK B'uhnK iKdhnKjB . fJBQK ;G NfjDhnK ns/ gZ^fsnK ~ fJeZmk eoe/ XkBdh fpikJh eoB tkb/ y/sK ftZu ftSkfJnk iKdk j? . nk]oftZu T[; ~ ibkfJnk iKdk j? . w"B;{B dh toyk F[o{ jz[d/jh T[E/ XkB d/ phi gkJ/ iKd/ jB . fiE/ o[gkJh ehsh ikDhj?, T[; G{wh ~ o[gkJh bJh fsnko ehsk iKdk j? . pkndftZu T[; G{wh ftZu XkB dh o[gkJh ehsh iKdh j? . fJj;kok e[M pj[s eFNdkfJe ns/ ghVk gj[zukT[D tkbk j? .i/eo fJBQK ;fEshnK ns/ ghVk s'_ w[esh gkT[Dk ukjz[d/j' sK e[dosh XkB b?D dh ftXh pj[s ;ob ns/ T[g:'rh

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j? . b/feB nro nkg o[gkJh T[Ogo jh fBoGo ofjDk ukj[zd/j' sK T[; pko/ }o{o uouk eoKr/ .

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