Annual Report for 2017 Shawn Wright Research Scientist I. Research i.) Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number: NNX16AN26G Program and Title: Topical Workshops, Sessions, and Conferences; Assembling Evidence of Impact at Highly Deformed Impact Craters: A Workshop with Field Trips to the Santa Fe Impact Structure, New Mexico Wright was funded to organize a workshop and several field trips concurrent with the Meteoritical Society Annual Meeting in Santa Fe, New Mexico (www.psi.edu/santafe2017 ). Three invited speakers were invited for 25-minute talks on the morning of Sunday, July 23rd, 2017 before a post-lunch field trip looking at shatter cones and breccias of the Santa Fe impact structure. The workshop was designed to educate meteoriticists and lunar/martian geologists on the field geology of old, degraded impact structures and sorting out the regional geologic history amidst the impact event. A second and a third field trip were held on Wednesday of the MetSoc conference as an optional field trip. The Program Chair for the MetSoc meeting and the LPI staff helped us tremendously with buses and logistics. It was very popular as the three field trips filled up with 120 registrants within the first 200 scientists to register for MetSoc. A field trip guidebook was published by PSI (http://impactcraters.us/santa_fe_new_mexico). ii.) NASA Award Number: NNX14AP52G Program and Title: Planetary Geology and Geophysics; Alteration Trends in a Full Range of Shocked Basalt: Comparison to Unshocked Basalts and Ejecta Localities from Field and Remote Mapping Many conferences in 2017 had special sessions focused on a particular aspect of my work, so my abstract titles (below, in Publications) reflect the scope of that session. For example, “fieldwork” was the focus of GSA in Pittsburgh (Wright, 2017a), whereas “Analogs for Mars” or “Mars Soil Analogs” were the focus of sessions leading to my GSA-Cordilleran and AGU ’17 abstracts (Wright, 2017c; 2017e). For an analog session, many complimented my figures (Figure 1) comparing field contacts marked by a GPS unit versus 9-band VIS-NIR remote sensing using the ASTER instrument. This is my early attempt to “close the gap” between field and remote data.

Figure 1. At least 10 categories of altered basalt have been labelled/categorized for this study (see Wright, 2017c), but only one is focused on here and shown in the field on the lower left. The contacts of “Grey Basalt Red Matrix” (GBRM) are shown in red on the 1-m “GoogleMaps” image (middle left) of the west ejecta; the red and blue lines represent Wright’s GPS ‘tracks’ when he walks out an individual ejecta lobe. All other “Alteration Lithologies” are shown as blue. On the right, the aerial extent of this pervasive (in the west ejecta) GBRM unit is shown on a masked ASTER image (water and vegetation are masked out) using the 9-band spectrum of this GBRM unit (upper left). Note the good agreement on the GPS “tracks” and remote image as the largest red ejecta lobe on the high resolution image can be see as a large red region on the ASTER image, and both have blue above and below it, with further red to the south below the blue. The final USGS-approved map for this project will show the entire Lonar ejecta blanket protected by the Indian Department of Forest (about ~70% of the circumference around the rim)

and all 10+ “Alteration Types”. This will contain many colors and striped/stippled/dotted/etc. units. Wright was able to do fieldwork at Lonar for a 2nd time in Dec ’16 – Jan ‘17. More shocked soil was located in addition to newly-discovered shocked baked zones (Wright, 2017c, d, e). Wright suggests these are great analogs for Mars Sample Return to tell us about the climate during basaltic emplacement (which will be evident in the baked zone). As described in Figure 1, ejecta lobes corresponding to at least 10 “Alteration Types” were mapped in the Lonar ejecta during fieldwork. Whereas glassy “suevite” is much more rarer than lithic lobes of altered basalt, these were mapped as well. Wright collaborated with a modeler at Brown to model the spall found off the southern ejecta blanket (Wright and Johnson, 2017). A colleague and Wright collaborated to describe glasses in several wavelength regions (Farrand et al.). A follow-up manuscript with Dyar and Sklute has been revised for a 2018 publication date. iii.) SSERVI TREX In Year 1, Wright went to the Potrillo volcanic field in southern New Mexico to view the fieldwork procedures of the SSERVI RIS4E Team (https://ris4e.labs.stonybrook.edu ) and discuss collaboration between TREX and RIS4E. It was decided that TREX will use a thermal infrared (TIR) spectrometer owned by the RIS4E Team, and two graduate students or postdocs from RIS4E will accompany TREX in the field in Year 3. Wright then went on a 3-day GSA field trip to the Palouse loess in southeastern Washington state to view and sample the Palouse loess for TREX studies. Samples were made available to the other members of Theme 4 of TREX. Wright is obtaining TIR, XRF, and XRD data of the loess. II. Publications

Peer-reviewed articles:

Farrand, W. H., S. P. Wright, A. D. Rogers, and T. D. Glotch (2017), Basaltic Glass formed from Hydrovolcanism and Impact Processes: Characterization and Clues for Detection of Mode of Origin from VNIR through MWIR Reflectance and Emission Spectroscopy, Icarus, 275, 16-28, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.027.

Abstracts and extended abstracts: Wright, S.P. (2017a) Fieldwork at an impact crater in basalt as a means to reconcile remote and sample data, GSA Section Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, March 2017, abstract 288710.

Wright, S.P. and B. Johnson (2017b) Spall at Lonar Crater, India, 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract #1006. Eckley, S.A., Wright, S.P., E.B. Rampe, and P.B. Niles (2017) The effects of shock on the amorphous component in altered basalt, 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract #2534. Goliber, S.A., S.P. Wright, and T.K.P. Gregg (2017) Synthesis of 3-D, GPS, field data, and high resolution imagery of Lonar Crater, India, 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract #2715. Wright, S.P. (2017c) A wealth of analog lithologies and field localities at Lonar Crater, India regarding basaltic volcanism, alteration, and shock, GSA Cordilleran Sectional Meeting, abstract #292997. Wright, S.P. (2017d) Not just fresh and altered basalt: Shocked soil and shocked baked zones provide insight into the collective effects of alteration and shock, 80th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, abstract #6387. Wright, S.P. (2017e) Mars on Earth: Analog basaltic soils and particulates from Lonar Crater, India, include Deccan soil, shocked soil, reworked lithic and glassy ejecta, and both shocked and unshocked baked zones, American Geophysical Fall Meeting New Orleans, abstract #298401. III. Awards and Honors Wright was part of a Group Achievement Award given to the Mars Exploration Rover Team. IV. Service to the Science Community Journal reviews for Icarus, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, and JGR-Planets. Two students submitted LPSC abstracts (Eckley et al., 2017; Goliber et al., 2017 above) after working with Wright in the summer of 2016. Wright served on two graduate student thesis/dissertation committees at the University of Pittsburgh. Wright serves as Mineralogy/Chemistry Theme Lead for the Mars Rover Opportunity for one week every two months. Wright contributed the field trip guidebook written for the Santa Fe impact structure to a website that hosts references: http://impactcraters.us/santa_fe_new_mexico .

V. Public Outreach Wright was a guest on the Pittsburgh channel 11 PCNC nighttime talk show “Night Talk”, where the host and Wright discussed humans to Mars in 2030. In India, Wright guest lectured in Mumbai at St. Xavier’s College, met geology students and architects/archeologists in Pune and at Lonar Crater, and discussed Mars science with geology students from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay geology department while in Mumbai. For the second consecutive year, two students wrote LPSC abstracts on Lonar while working on student projects for Wright – see publications by Goliber and Eckley. Wright also hired an undergraduate student worker at the University of Pittsburgh and the student took a directed study course. The student will pursue graduate studies in planetary science. While in India, Wright met with politicians and some architects proposing to restore 12 Lonar monuments that are ~1150 years old. Wright also discussed the preservation of Lonar Crater with the politicians, and gently, politely suggested that when the Department of Forest constructed a fence around the ejecta to preserve the ejecta, they actually destroyed the ejecta when they put fence posts in the ground. It was also suggested that a geologist be present in order to collect that sample and data when a fence is constructed, as both are valuable. The Indian government told Wright of plans to construct a train service to Lonar along with a museum. However, funds are not available right now. This likely won’t happen until 2030 or 2040. The architects made Wright realize that ancient man (Dravidians) took away all of the largest ~1-meter ejecta blocks to build temples and walls, leaving behind solely ~10 cm samples in the ejecta.