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W t St i R bWater Stress in Raspberry
Lillehammer 22.09.2011
Water stress in raspberry at ScotlandWater stress in raspberry at Scotland
• Short‐term drought stress in primocanes grown in
pots in a tunnel:
• Determining the mechanisms of stress gtolerance/avoidance used by raspberry to cope with water limitation
• Long‐term increased precipitation stress
T t h th i d i it ti j t d• Test whether increased precipitation as projected
by climate change models affects the quality and
yield of fruityield of fruit
Water limitation50 cm
50Water limitation 50 cm
‐ 4L pots‐2 irrigation drips in each potg p p‐Plants irrigated twice daily (aprox 330ml of water for each irrigation step)
Water limitationWater limitationGA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
2 i ti (O t iO O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
‐ 2 varieties (Octavia and Glen Ample‐5 different treatments
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
‐3 Blocks‐2 reps
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA
O O O O
Water limitation Block 2Water limitationGA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
‐5 different treatments3 Bl k
O O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
‐3 Blocks‐2 reps (1 rep sampled at the end oftreatment and 1 rep sampled 1 weekafter the end of treatment) GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
after the end of treatment)‐Measured chlorophyll contentthroughout the experiment (usingSPAD‐502plus GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
SPAD 502plus
Block 1
Block 3
789
tration
O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA
123456
Chloroph
yll con
cent
O O O O01
0 10 20 30 40 50
C
SPAD
Water limitationWater limitationGA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
D i i i tiO O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
Drip irrigation was removed from some of the plants at different
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
time points before sampling:‐ 14 days GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
14 days
O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA
O O O O
Water limitationWater limitationGA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
D i i i tiO O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
Drip irrigation was removed from some of the plants at different
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
time points before sampling:‐ 14 days GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
14 days
O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA
O O O O
Water limitationWater limitationGA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
D i i i tiO O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
Drip irrigation was removed from some of the plants at different
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
time points before sampling:‐14 days GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
14 days‐7 days
O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA
O O O O
Water limitationWater limitationGA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
D i i i tiO O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
Drip irrigation was removed from some of the plants at different
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
time points before sampling:‐14 days GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
14 days‐7 days‐3 days
O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA
O O O O
Water limitationWater limitationGA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
D i i i tiO O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
Drip irrigation was removed from some of the plants at different
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
time points before sampling:‐14 days GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
14 days‐7 days‐3 days24 h O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA‐24 hours
O O O O
Water limitationWater limitationGA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
D i i i tiO O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
Drip irrigation was removed from some of the plants at different
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
time points before sampling:‐14 days GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
14 days‐7 days‐3 days24 h O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA‐24 hours‐control
O O O O
Water limitationWater limitationGA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
D i i i tiO O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
Drip irrigation was removed from some of the plants at different
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
time points before sampling:‐14 days GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
14 days‐7 days‐3 days24 h O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA‐24 hours‐Control
O O O OSampled plants
Water LimitationIrrigation was restored and
after one week the remaining GA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
GA GA
O O
OO GAGA
GAGA
O O
plants were sampled.
Sampled terminal leaf from 7th
O O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
GAGA
O Oyoungest node
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O O
GA GA
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
O OGAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
GAGA
O O
GAGA
GAGA
O O
O O
metabolomicstranscriptomics
O O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGAO O
O O
GAGA GAGA
GAGA
GAGA
O O O OO O O O
Water limitationple
n Amp
control 24h 3d 7d 14d
Glen
100
120
Relative water content (leaf)
8090
Soil water content (3‐7cm)
20
40
60
80
22.07.2011
29.07.2011
20304050607080
0
20
GA control
GA 24h GA 3d GA 7d GA 14d
01020
Control 24h 3d 7d 14d
Water limitationctavia
control 24h 3d 7d 14d
O
3d
8090
Soil water content (3‐7cm)
90100
Relative water content
203040506070
20304050607080
22.07.2011
29.07.2011
010
Control 24h 3d 7d 14d0
1020
Oct. control
Oct. 24h Oct. 3d Oct. 7d Oct. 14d
Long‐term increased water supplyEstablished a field experiment using 2 cultivars (Glen
Ample and Octavia), 2 soil treatments, and 3 different p )
water regimes
Water regimes will be based on climate change model
predictions provided by James Sample (James Hutton
Institute, Aberdeen) and historical data from Invergowrie
f i i i d i ifor precipitation and evapotranspiration
IV = HP x PM – HET x ETM IV –Irrigation volumeHP – Historical precipitationPM‐ predicted precipitation modifierHET – Historical evapotranspirationETM‐ Predicted evapotranspiration modifier
Evapotranspiration
Long‐term increased water supply
Irrigation volumes calculated in 2 week intervals
Irrigation regimes over 2 weeks period:
Control (ie: no additional water supplied)
Intense irrigation (1 x irrigation event = IV)
Spread irrigation (6 x irrigation events = IV/6)
Treatments will begin at dormancy break and will finish
when tunnels are covered
Irrigation system
60
Total of 6 biological replicates per cultivar
60 cm
2 cultivars (Glen
replicates per cultivar in this plot
(Ample, Octavia)3 replicates‐Randomized
10‐12m m(12
Hedge plants
plants)
2.65 m 2.5 m2.5 m
1 2
10 12mA
10‐12m
10‐12m
5 m
A
B
10‐12m
10 12m
5 m
B
C
10‐12m
5 m
C
D
85‐97m
10‐12m
5 m
E
10‐12m
5 m
F
5 m
2.65 m2.5 m
2.65 m
2.5 m
1 2
10 12mA
Treatments and randomization:
10‐12m
10‐12m
5 m
A
B
Polytunnel 1:
A‐ Soil2/ standard water
10‐12m
10 12m
5 m
B
C
B‐ Soil1/ Standard waterC‐ Soil 2/ Water treatment 2D‐ Soil 2/water treatment 1E‐ Soil 1/water treatment 2
10‐12m
5 m
C
D
E Soil 1/water treatment 2F‐ Soil 1/ Water treatment1
Polytunnel 2:
10‐12m
5 m
E
A‐ Soil2/ standard waterB‐ Soil1/ Standard waterC‐ Soil 2/ Water treatment 2
10‐12m
5 m
F
/D‐ Soil 2/water treatment 1E‐ Soil 1/water treatment 2F‐ Soil 1/ Water treatment1
5 m
2.65 m2.5 m
2.65 m
2.5 m
23.03.2011 14.09.2011
Future experiments
Repeat drought experiment in pots (single cane per pot)p g p p ( g p p )
Set up a new long‐term pot experiment in which plants
may experience stress period (14 days) at different stagesy p p ( y ) g
of their development (primocane growth, floricane
growth and during fruiting) to test whether a drought
event affects a subsequent response to drought and
whether those effects can be seen in fruit quality.
f fAdd primocane fruiting cultivars to the long term field
experiment
