WWIWWI

Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree

War is a test of a nation’s true War is a test of a nation’s true strengthstrength

You can tell a lot about a person You can tell a lot about a person based on their based on their ethnicity/nationality.ethnicity/nationality.

It’s hypocritical for America to It’s hypocritical for America to fight against other nations for fight against other nations for developing weapons of mass developing weapons of mass destructiondestruction

4 Causes4 Causes

MMilitarism – Glorifying military powerilitarism – Glorifying military power– What requires a militaryWhat requires a military– Why would a military be popularWhy would a military be popular

AAlliances – Secret promises between lliances – Secret promises between countriescountries– Open alliances were not as dangerousOpen alliances were not as dangerous– Secret alliances made regional wars Secret alliances made regional wars

globalglobal

IImperialism – Quest for mperialism – Quest for colonies/powercolonies/power– Competition for strategic locations = Competition for strategic locations =

warwar

NNationalism – devotion to one’s ationalism – devotion to one’s country OR desire for a countrycountry OR desire for a country– United ethnicities (one attacked, all United ethnicities (one attacked, all

attacked)attacked)

1.“I regret that I have but one life to give to my country”Nathan Hale

2. The total Defense expenditures of European powers

18701870 18801880 18901890 19001900 19101910 19141914

9494 130130 154154 268268 289289 398398

3. To Fight we are born To fight for the fatherland To Kaiser Wilhelm we have sworn To Kaiser Wilhelm we give our hand

4. “War is no longer Samson with his shield and spear and sword, and David with his sling. It is a conflict of smokestacks….”Secretary of War Newton Baker

As long as it has no allies France As long as it has no allies France poses no danger to usposes no danger to us– Otto Von BismarckOtto Von Bismarck

The Spark!The Spark! Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand

visits Sarajevo on Turkish visits Sarajevo on Turkish anniversaryanniversary

Black Hand (Serbian Black Hand (Serbian Nationalists) assassinate the Nationalists) assassinate the Austrian heirAustrian heir

Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo Princip

Starting a warStarting a war Serbia blamed for the startSerbia blamed for the start Austrian leader died: Austria’s ultimatum, Austrian leader died: Austria’s ultimatum,

denieddenied Germany declares war on SerbiaGermany declares war on Serbia Russia mobilizes to assist SerbiaRussia mobilizes to assist Serbia Germany declares war on France upon Germany declares war on France upon

hearing their complaintshearing their complaints Germany invaded Belgium to attack Germany invaded Belgium to attack

FranceFrance– Britain enters to honor a secret allianceBritain enters to honor a secret alliance

Sides

Allied PowersRussiaFranceEngland

Central PowerAustria – HungaryGermanyItaly

War Breaks OutWar Breaks Out

Government allocate all their Government allocate all their resources to war effort (TOTAL resources to war effort (TOTAL WAR)WAR)

All countries ration goodsAll countries ration goods Women replace men in factoriesWomen replace men in factories Estimated 330 billion dollars are Estimated 330 billion dollars are

spent fighting the warspent fighting the war

Death totalsDeath totals

About 8.5 million people dieAbout 8.5 million people die Germany 1.7 millionGermany 1.7 million Russia 1.7 millionRussia 1.7 million France 1.3 millionFrance 1.3 million Austria Hungary 1.2 millionAustria Hungary 1.2 million England 908,000England 908,000 United State 116,000United State 116,000

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Ends the Great WarEnds the Great War

– It is severe and is used to punish GermanyIt is severe and is used to punish Germany– France takes its revengeFrance takes its revenge– Britain wants coexistenceBritain wants coexistence– US wants to avoid future warsUS wants to avoid future wars

Germany is left with the weak Weimar Germany is left with the weak Weimar RepublicRepublic– Many problems followMany problems follow

The Treaty of The Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

3-2-13-2-1

3 – policies that Germany 3 – policies that Germany must followmust follow

2 – reasons why France 2 – reasons why France wanted to punish Germanywanted to punish Germany

1- Question about the 1- Question about the war/treaty that you still havewar/treaty that you still have

ProblemsProblems Reparations = debtReparations = debt Inflation and crippled economyInflation and crippled economy Lost lands contained great resourcesLost lands contained great resources Limited military frightens the GermansLimited military frightens the Germans Weak, unpopular governmentWeak, unpopular government New nations and political groupsNew nations and political groups Image and identity shockImage and identity shock

RussiaRussia

Royal FamilyRoyal Family– Stability (300yrs)Stability (300yrs)– TraditionTradition– Remain in war (join in Remain in war (join in

spoils)spoils)– Stay allies with Stay allies with

England, France, England, France, AmericaAmerica

– Property, money, landProperty, money, land

RevolutionRevolution– peace, land, peace, land,

breadbread– Equality?Equality?– Jobs/end Jobs/end

servitudeservitude– End warEnd war– Rapid industrial Rapid industrial

growthgrowth

Reds vs. WhitesReds vs. Whites

Reds: Bolshevik communist Reds: Bolshevik communist who oppose the Tsar and who oppose the Tsar and the Old Regimethe Old Regime– Support Lenin, Trotsky, StalinSupport Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin

Whites: Defend Tsar and Whites: Defend Tsar and traditional social structuretraditional social structure– Counter-revolutionCounter-revolution

Poster AssignmentPoster Assignment Create a poster that supports either Create a poster that supports either

the Czar or the revolutionthe Czar or the revolution– The poster should include:The poster should include:

ColorColor Images/VisualsImages/Visuals HeadlineHeadline Saying, quote, chant . . .Saying, quote, chant . . . Accurate and creative informationAccurate and creative information

Stalin’s Soviet UnionStalin’s Soviet Union Five Year Plans: to modernize Five Year Plans: to modernize

and strengthen the economyand strengthen the economy– Increase steel, coal, oil & Increase steel, coal, oil &

electricityelectricity– High quotas are set on productsHigh quotas are set on products– Less consumer goods/scrap Less consumer goods/scrap

drives!drives!– Lead to shortages and sufferingLead to shortages and suffering

19271927 19321932 19371937

CoalCoal 35 million tons35 million tons 64 mt (75 mt 64 mt (75 mt target)target)

128 mt (152 mt 128 mt (152 mt target)target)

OilOil 12 million tons12 million tons 21 mt (22 mt 21 mt (22 mt target)target)

29 mt (47 mt 29 mt (47 mt target)target)

Iron OreIron Ore 5 million tons5 million tons 12 mt (19 mt 12 mt (19 mt target)target) unknownunknown

Pig IronPig Iron 3 million tons3 million tons 6 mt (10 mt 6 mt (10 mt target)target)

15 mt (16 mt 15 mt (16 mt target)target)

SteelSteel 4 million tons4 million tons 6 mt (10 mt 6 mt (10 mt target)target)

18 mt (17 mt 18 mt (17 mt target)target)

GulagGulag Forced Labor Camps for prisonersForced Labor Camps for prisoners

– Were like jails but with forced workWere like jails but with forced work– Were extremely vicious and corruptWere extremely vicious and corrupt– PRISONERS:PRISONERS:

PoliticalPolitical Those who refused collectivesThose who refused collectives Foreign enemiesForeign enemies Those who spoke against the regimeThose who spoke against the regime

Collective FarmsCollective Farms Millions of farms are seized and combined Millions of farms are seized and combined

into larger farmsinto larger farms Hundreds of families worked each Hundreds of families worked each

collectivecollective Reasons:Reasons:

– CheaperCheaper– Less waste and competitionLess waste and competition– Easier to superviseEasier to supervise

Many resisted and died or were Many resisted and died or were imprisonedimprisoned

Purges (Great Purge)Purges (Great Purge) Using secret police and political spies, Using secret police and political spies,

Stalin begins his attack on possible Stalin begins his attack on possible threatsthreats

Many hear the door and disappearMany hear the door and disappear Censored the pressCensored the press People often targeted:People often targeted:

– TeachersTeachers– Writers/directorsWriters/directors– Political rivalsPolitical rivals– Military officersMilitary officers

MoneyMoney What is the value of moneyWhat is the value of money What is inflationWhat is inflation

– What causes it (two reasons)What causes it (two reasons) How does this impact the global How does this impact the global

economyeconomy

InflationInflation CausesCauses

– Treaty of Versailles: reparations, land, Treaty of Versailles: reparations, land, damagedamage

– Loss of colonies, allies and marketsLoss of colonies, allies and markets– Government printingGovernment printing

TrendsTrends– Germany is hit hard!Germany is hit hard!– Asian business partners then sufferAsian business partners then suffer– Resources are the true world currency!Resources are the true world currency!

What do they have in What do they have in common?common? Tony Blair, George W. Bush, Tony Blair, George W. Bush,

Vladimir PutinVladimir Putin Volvo, BMW, Mercedes-BenzVolvo, BMW, Mercedes-Benz Blue Whales, Snow Leopards, Blue Whales, Snow Leopards,

White RhinoWhite Rhino Stalin, Hitler, MussoliniStalin, Hitler, Mussolini

– FDR?FDR?

Git R’ DoneGit R’ Done Take out a blank sheet of paperTake out a blank sheet of paper Each side of the room will receive Each side of the room will receive

several direction sheetsseveral direction sheets The side that has every individual The side that has every individual

finish first wins 1pt of extra creditfinish first wins 1pt of extra credit

Reasons for RegimeReasons for Regime

Order out of chaos (laws and agendas)Order out of chaos (laws and agendas) Unifying effect (national identity)Unifying effect (national identity) A voice of reason (shot caller)A voice of reason (shot caller) Authoritarian (cruel enough to force Authoritarian (cruel enough to force

change)change)

DRAWBACKS of DEMOCRACY:DRAWBACKS of DEMOCRACY:– SlowSlow– Allows for divisionAllows for division– Uninformed are included in leadershipUninformed are included in leadership

Impact of NationalismImpact of Nationalism Conflicts over lands/boundariesConflicts over lands/boundaries National superiority complexesNational superiority complexes Increased role of militaryIncreased role of military Increase in folklore/heritageIncrease in folklore/heritage Tensions over political ambitionsTensions over political ambitions ExpansionExpansion