WWIIThe Facts

Page 809-8135 things which displayed German aggression pre-war

5 things which displayed Japanese aggression pre-warWWII Timeline 1935: Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles.1937: Japan invades China1939: Germany invades Poland. Britain and France declare war.1941: USA enters war after Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.1942: Nazi death camps in full operation.1944: D-Day in European Theatre. 1945: USA drops atomic bombs on Japan. Germany surrenders.Why did WWII occur?1. WWI & WWII linkedfailure of Versailles TreatyInterwar period merely an armisticeNothing truly resolved by Versailles TreatyLeft with national ambitions and insecurities 2. WWII was caused by one man: Adolf HitlerMegalomaniac!! Mad genius who captured German insecurities and national arrogance.Germ TheoryHe created a brain washed cult like environment where Germans could do no wrong. 3. WWII was all about the timing and unavoidables.Too many things aligned just rightfailed Versailles Treaty, Great Depression, need for power, unstable Europe, rise of dictatorial regimes, nave citizens, etc.Axis Powers Germany-Hitler Italy-Mussolini Japan-Hirohito

Axis Powers also includedHungaryRomaniaFinlandThailandBulgariaCroatiaSlovakiaAllied ForcesSoviet Union-Joseph Stalin United Kingdom- Winston Churchill

Allied ForcesFrance-Charles de GaulleChina-Nationalist Party: Chang Kai-shek Communist Party: Mao Zedong

Allied ForcesUnited States- FDR 1941-1945Truman 1945

Allies also includedPolandIndonesiaIndiaYugoslaviaFrench Indochina (present day Vietnam, Cambodia, etc.)LithuaniaCzech RepublicGreeceBurmaLatviaNature of Modern WarSignificant changes and advances in military technology and tactics.Fought on land, at sea, and in the air.Global, Total War to the max. Total wareveryone is involved or impacted.Change in combat motivationFighting for God/Country.Fighting for survival.Fighting for/with buddies.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Ww2_allied_axis.gif

Army Ranks..just fyi Squad: 10 men, Sergeant Platoon: 40 men, LieutenantCompany: 120 men, CaptainBattalion: 500 men, Lt. ColonelBrigade/Regiment: 1500 men, ColonelDivision: 15,000 men, Major GeneralCorps: 50,000 men, Lt. GeneralArmy: 200,000 men, GeneralArmy Group: 500,000 men, General of the ArmySHAEF ( Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces), EisenhowerBlitzkrieg: The Beginning of the WarBlitzkrieglightning war- Germany takes over central Europe in less than a year.September 1, 1939: Invade Poland. Sept 3: France and Britain declare war against Germany April 1940: Denmark and Norway.May 1940: Netherlands, Belgium, and France.Maginot LineFrench/British line of defense to stop the Germans located in eastern France. Germany went around this line to take over France.France signed armistice June 22, 1940.

Germany invades BritainBattle of Britain 15 min. video5 FactsBattle of BritainGerman amphibious invasion of Britain. August 1940. Bombings of air and naval bases, harbors, communication centers, and war industries. Key to British stopping Germanstechnology!Effective radar system to detect German troops.U.S. steered away from isolationismbegan favoring the Allies.

Decision: Should the US get involved in WWII?1940Germany controls most of EuropeFrance under control of GermanyEven though Britain defeated Germany, they were seriously threatened & damaged via Battle of Britain

Should the United States join WWII to help France, Britain, and the rest of the Allies?Attack on the Soviet UnionBritish troops mobilized support in Mediterranean to slow the spread of Italian and German troops.Germany invades Soviet Union in June 1941.Germans planned for spring invasionhad no winter uniforms. Soviet counterattack in December 1941 put a gruesome end to Germanys plan. First time in the war German army had been stopped.

Japan at War..The Pacific TheaterUSA remained isolated and neutral until December 7, 1941Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. Japan thought attack on Pearl Harbor would weaken America. Instead it unified America.Four days after Pearl Harbor, Germany declared war on the US.Spring 1942, Japan attacked and controlled much of the Pacific islands.

Fyi-do not write. Pearl Harbor Casualties 188 aircraft destroyed 155 aircraft damaged, 2,345 military killed 1,247 military wounded 57 civilians killed 35 civilians wounded

The Pacific TheaterFall 1942, US had two plans.1. move into Philippines through New Guinea and South Pacific Islands.2. island-hopping strategy used by US to one by one take control of islands that put them closer to Japan. By the end of 1942, US was on the offense in the Pacific and Japans fortunes were fading. The Pacific Theater.Allies take control of the Pacific Theatre after Battle of Coral Sea (May 1942) and the Battle of Midway (June 1942).

Battle of Midway (Sea)5 FactsMoving into the 2nd Half of the warClass DiscussionWhat have the following countries done in the war so far? As of 1942, where do they stand in the war?Axis PowersGermanyItalyJapanAllied PowersUSSoviet UnionBritain & United KingdomFranceChinaHalf-Way Point in the WarFall 1942Germany still holds the center of Europe.Italy is focusing on the Balkan peninsula and North Africa.Japan is losing control of the Pacific islands, but still controls much of ChinaHalf-Way Point in the WarUS massive boost to Allied Powers. Took control in Pacific, advancements in North Africa, and provide support to the Soviet front. Soviet Union holding on, but losing many men. Britain and United Kingdom continuing to lead the Allied operation with the US. France split in twoFree France helping the Allies even with Germans in their country. Vichy France, Nazi puppet govt, helping the Axis. China still controlled by Japan. Suffering major destruction in northern Manchuria area.Allies take the Offensive in the European Theatre 1942-1944The First Front: Soviet UnionThe Second Front: Mediterranean/North AfricaThe Third Front: Normandy, FranceThe First Front: Soviet UnionHitler went in confident and left weakened.Stalingrad: August 1942-February 1943Bloodiest most brutal battle in Soviet Union.

Stalingrad Video (Land)Five Facts.

Timeline on Page 818Axis or Allies??

According to the timeline, who controls the war until mid-1942?

Who takes control mid-1942 and on?Half Way PointCheck for Understanding1. The following men are leaders of what countries?A. HitlerE. Charles de GaulleB. MussoliniF. HirohitoC. Winston ChurchillG. Chang kai-ShekD. FDRH. Joseph Stalin2. When and where did the war begin?3. Name three Axis Power countries.4. Name three Allied Force countries.5. Name a turning point of the war and why the event was a turning point.

Battle for control over North Africa includedResourcesOIL.Landcontrol of the Mediterranean and the Suez Canal.Main reason for Allies to focus on North Africa was to open a second front to take some German forces away from fighting the Soviets. Operation Torch: November 1942

North Africa VideoFive Facts. The Second Front: Med/North AfricaThe Allies Close In. 1943--Allied advances made from North Africa into Italy. Mussolini removed from office by Italians.Hitler sets up Nazi puppet govt in Italy.Allied forces battle against Germans resulting in heavy casualties. Rome falls to Allied forces June 4, 1944. Allies move to the Third Front..The Third Front: NormandyGoal: Move the Germans out of France and advance until Germany surrenders. D-Day: June 6, 1944 (D-Day video5 facts)Eisenhower and allied forces planning D-Day since Fall of 1943. Began Third Front by crossing English Channel and invading beaches of Normandy. EffectDownfall of German army. Beginning of the end for the European Theater.

The end of the European TheaterAllies met Soviets in Germany in April 1945. Mussolini killed April 28, 1945.Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945.Germany surrenders May 7, 1945. Pacific Theater 1943-1945Leyte Gulf (Oct 1944)Greatest naval battle of WWIIIwo Jima (Feb-March 1945)Allies captured small island.Okinawa (March-June 1945)Largest amphibious assault in Pacific Theater.

Pacific Theatre, 1943-1945Potsdam DeclarationJuly 26, 1945. Message sent to Japan from Allied leaders asking Japan to surrender or face destruction

Pacific Theatre, 1943-1945Japanese MentalityDie for the Empire. Being captured or surrendering is dishonorable.KamikazeJapanese suicide pilots crashed their planes into American ships, means divine wind

Japanese willingness to fight to the death led to drastic plans for the U.S. Pacific Theatre, 1945August 6, 1945atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima130,000 people killed instantly. Still Japan does not surrender.August 9, 1945second bomb dropped on Nagasaki74,000 people killed instantly. More will die, in both cities, in the future from radiation poisoning and other side effects.

Aug 14, 1945Japan surrenders. V-J Day (Victory over Japan) Joseph MacArthurU.S. General & commander of the Pacific Theatreaccepted Japans surrender on Sept 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri. WWII is finally over. HolocaustHolocaust Packet: Read through and find things you did not already know. Holocaust Timeline1933concentration camp Dachau opens, Jews are targeted1934Hitler declares himself Fuhrer and now has all control1935Jews lose citizenship1936Jewish doctors barred from practicing1937Jewish schools closed, Jewish passports invalid1938Jews must carry i.d., 17,000 Jews forced to Poland, Kristallnachtsynagogues & shops destroyed, Jewish males sent to concentration camps, Jews expelled from schools, businesses must be given to Aryans.1939ghettos open to segregate Jews, Jews ordered to wear yellow badge with Star of David1940More Jews sent to concentration camps, WWII intensifies1941mass deportation of Jews begins, extermination camps open.1942plans for final solution discussed, Gas extermination begins. 1943ghettos are liquidated, Jews sent to camps.1944continuation of death camps, concentration camps, few revolts attempted, death marches begin1945death marches continue, Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders, Camps are discovered by Allies, Nuremberg Trials begin. HolocaustNazism based on racism & anti-Semitism (anti Judaism)Jews became Hitlers scapegoatScapegoata person who is blamed or punished without cause HolocaustHitlers final solution was to eliminate the unwanted & to take care of the Jewish problem. Mass slaughter of Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, communists, homosexuals, people with physical/mental disabilities, etc. Genocidedeliberate attempt to wipe out an entire nation or group of people.

http://www.history.com/photos/remembering-the-holocaust/photo6#

Holocaust Death Toll~10-13 million TotalVictimsKilledJews6 millionSoviet POWs2-3 millionEthnic Poles2 millionRomani1 millionDisabled250,000Homosexuals10,000Jehovahs Witnesses2,500-5,000Gypsies500,000HolocaustNazis ordered all Jews to live in ghettos.Nazis ordered deportations from ghettos. 1,000 people per day loaded in trains & sent to a concentration camp or a death camp. Prisoners forced to do hard physical labor, given tiny rations. Slept 3+ per wooden bunk (no mattress or pillow). Torture was common and death frequent. Auschwitz largest camp built. 1.1 million people were killed at Auschwitz.

The Nazis killed approximately two-thirds of all Jews living in Europe. An estimated 1.1 million children were murdered.Babies were thrown in the air and shot into ditches for games for the soldiers.Dr. Mengele conducted cruel, inhumane experiments on Jewish people (torture: break bones until can't break and heal any more, surgeries with no pain relievers or medicines, etc.)Variety of goods made from valuables taken from prisoners (hair, gold teeth, gold rings, clothing made into pillows, furniture, etc.)

Axis Death TollCountryMilitary CivilianTotalGermany3.5 million700,0004.2 millionJapan2 million350,0002.35 millionItaly330,00080,000410,000Other Axis752,000556,0001.3 millionAxis Total~6.6 million~1.7 million~8.3 millionAllied Death TollCountryMilitary CivilianTotalGreat Britain326,00062,000388,000France250,000350,000600,000Soviet Union10 million10 million20 millionChina2.5 million7.5 million10 millionUSA400,000zero400,000Allied Total~14.3 million~25.7 million~40 million

Aftermath of the WarWar Crime Trials Nuremberg : German War Crimes.12 sentenced to death. Other 12 went to jail, were acquitted, or committed suicide before trials.Tokyo Trials : Japanese War Crimes.7 sentenced to death. 16 sentenced to life in prisonparoled between 1954-1956.

United Nationsworld peace agreement.October 24, 1945-present day.

End of the WarOver 60 million dead.Lost generation?Germany surrenders May 1945. Japan surrenders August 1945. How does the world move forward?Death camps, concentration camps, displaced people, P.O.W.s. discovered in Europe, Asia, and U.S. What to do with all the people? Complete destruction of cities and countryside.How to rebuild the world?Decolonization throughout Pacific and Middle EastCountries gaining independence. New countries?Economic RecoveryTransitioning from war industry back to homeland production. Who keeps jobs? Women/minorities?New AttitudesWomen believed they had a spot in the work force. African Americans come back from fighting in the war to fighting for their rights.

Shift in World PowersWho becomes number 1? Soviet Union or USA?

UNs goal is to stop wars between countries and provide platform for dialogue. Currently 192 member countries.

New conflicts arise between United States and Soviet Union leads to Cold WarThe Cold War was the period of conflict, tension, and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies from the mid-1940s until the early 1990s.Democracy vs. Communism.

Development of the Cold WarIron CurtainChurchill coined this term to describe the division of Europe.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)vs. Warsaw Pact (Soviet Union and Eastern Europe)

Periods of time during Cold War when tension was reduced as both sides sought dtente. Dtente: relaxation of tensions and improved relations between two superpowers.Direct military attacks on adversaries were discouraged by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons.

How did US and Soviet Union avoid major bloodshed?