WWMT-D1S2.4 Viet Nam: Innovation in Water Supply Sector by Hans Kriele

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Innovation in the water supply sector

by Hans Kriele, Country Manager Vietnam

117 November 2011



Water Su l in VietnamCurrent situation

• sector• technology

• issues

Need for innovation

• what to improve

• available technology

• 3 examples

Ex erience with innovation in Vietnam

217 November 2011



Water Su l Current situationTap water access

• 2008 26 % total population10% rural, 67% urban

Clean water access

• 2008 64 % total population

77% rural, 31% urban

317 November 2011



Water Su l Current situationWater sources

• 60 % surface• 35 % groundwater

• 5 % others

Water Quality Standard

• VN standard complies with WHO or better

417 November 2011



Water Su l Current situationAvailable technology

Domestic market• mainly conventional treatment (surface water:

coagulation – flocculation – sedimentation –

disinfection - sedimentation)+ additional filter treatment at home

Industrial market

• all technologies are available, someproduced/supplied/supported from within Vietnam

517 November 2011



Water Su l Current situationWater Issues

Quality/Quantity• Increased demand / insufficient good quality source

• poor testing in the domestic water supply market

• insufficient treated wastewater pollutes the source

• reluctance to know the real quality of drinking water

• people in the city don’t trust the supplied water

617 November 2011




Treatment Plant – remarks of people in the water supply sector

• Insufficient training or participation in O&M phase

• BT projects may and have resulted in poor O&M of the

plant

• If O&M is carried out as supposed, the plant works fine

• (wrong O&M of home filters)

717 November 2011




Distribution system – remarks of people in the water supply sector

• Official reported leakage ±30%

• Expected leakage is higher

• Cases of actual leakage lower than reported are known

• Management of distribution system could reduce UFW

817 November 2011




water tariffs• Decree 88/CP allows for full cost recovery policy, based

• applied tariffs are far from sufficient to cover O&M costs

• The PPC covers the annual deficit in O&M costs

• Urban operators are heavily depended on subsidies

example tariff: HCMC 0,33USD/m3

917 November 2011



Water Su l Current situationWater Issues Industry

• Many treatment technologies are available

• current water issues: Quantity and quality issues, butsolved b a l in the ro er technolo

• pricing: for industrial zone slightly less problematic, can

ask higher price, but still a great concern for owner

1017 November 2011



Need for Innovationmost important to improve for now:

• Operation & Maintenance (simplify, training,involvement)

• cost reduction

• increase quality control• increase awareness of good water quality

• increase actual water quality

• willingness to pay

1117 November 2011



Need for InnovationAvailable techniques

• all of them

• issues: O&M, Support, costs

• so ve y:

• local presence

• innovative solutions

• financing

1217 November 2011



Need for InnovationExample 1: l‘Eau Pure:

• Stainless steel skids - easier maintenance andincreased lifetime

• Traditional treatment process, standard extra GAC

treatment step• Capacity of 250-12500 m3/day, or even 24000 m3/day

• Mainly produced in Vietnam (costs 50% lower than

• Support from office in Vietnam.

1317 November 2011



Need for Innovation• M&O by l'eau pure (increased involvement)

• Focusing on BOT projects. (concern about M&O)

• Currently considering lease project (short term<3 years)

(other plant)Sand Filtration

Coagulation –Floculation mixing tank

Lamella Settling

Storage tank

Outflow

Chemical storageInflow

1417 November 2011



Need for InnovationExample 1: l‘Eau Pure:

• Easy O&M• Footprint similar to concrete structure

• Costs effective compared to concrete structure

• Support from supplier in Vietnam

• short installation time

• modular system and easy to relocate

1517 November 2011



Need for InnovationExample 2: Taprogge – Terrawater

Specific solution for small scale desalination:• remote locations,

• poor source quality

• no distribution system

• easy O&M at very low costs

• support from Vietnam office

• energy cost nearly 0 (use of waste heat/solar heat)

1617 November 2011




1717 November 2011




Specific solution for small scale desalination:• high water quality from any source

• no chemical usage, no CO2 production

• hardly any O&M

• modular system (10 in 40 feet container)

• small footprint (compared with RO solutions)

• investment costs are higher than RO, but ‘no’ O&M

costs

1817 November 2011



Need for InnovationExample 3: PWN-T : Perfector-R

• Optimized traditional surface water treatment plant• Optimized water intake

• modular system

• standard capacity of 5000, 10000, 20000 m3/day and jumbo of 200.000 m3/day

1917 November 2011




all treatment steps are improved:• special design of mixing weir -

> smaller and more effective

(less chemical usage)• site specific design of

flocculation compartments. ->

sma er an more e ec ve

2017 November 2011



Adding PAC at the mixing weir

2117 November 2011




all treatment steps are improved:• Sedimentation tank: side inflow instead of standard

bottom inflow -> increased efficiency

• Sand filter: backwash with water only ->simplified O&M• minimum moving parts (traditional 49/Perfector-R 7)

2217 November 2011



sedimentation tank with lamella plate

2317 November 2011




Improved water intake

•• automatic adjustment to river levelautomatic adjustment to river level

•• wa er n a e rom op ayer o r ver:wa er n a e rom op ayer o r ver:•• most sand flows underneath pontoonmost sand flows underneath pontoon

•• only little (small) sand is pumped to treatmentonly little (small) sand is pumped to treatment(no need for additional sand pre(no need for additional sand pre--sedimentation)sedimentation)

•• use of standard centrifugal pumpsuse of standard centrifugal pumps•••• higher energy efficiencyhigher energy efficiency•• easier/cheaper maintenanceeasier/cheaper maintenance

2417 November 2011



2517 November 2011



2617 November 2011




Advantages

• 30-40% less concrete than traditional plant

• low chemical & energy usage

• small footprint (25% of traditional plant)

2717 November 2011



Ex erienceDomestic market

• Little experience with other systems than traditional,

except UF for household market

• Can Gio – pilot for the taprogge-terrawater

• Cao Lanh – Perfector R

Industrial market

• experience with all (major) techniques

2817 November 2011



Ex erienceRemarks of people from the water sector in Vietnam:

•

• experience with traditional system, but hardlywith other systems – reluctant to change

• big local consultants are not very open fornew ideas. Current business runs well, they

control most of the market. No need forinnovation.

• insufficient quality control supplied water.Current ualit of su l is ‘acce ted’

2917 November 2011



Ex erience• Denail of problem (for example no arsenic

• People don’t trust the quality of piped water

Experience with innovation

• Good experience with the Perfector-R of PWN-T

• Good review of the recently introduces smallscale desalination unit of Terrawater-Taprogge

• pre erence or goo rom urope apan(lots of experience with poor Chinese quality)

3017 November 2011



Thank you

Contact person: mr. Hans Kriele, MSc.

.

e-mail: [email protected]: Witteveen+Bos Vietnam

31 Le Quy Don

ward 7, district 3, HCM Citye nam

Internet: www.witteveenbos.com

3117 November 2011

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WWMT-D1S2.4 Viet Nam: Innovation in Water Supply Sector by Hans Kriele