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www.mtri.org Richard J. Dobson (rjdobson@mtu.edu), Colin Brooks, Chris Roussi,rjdobson@mtu.edu Ben Hart, Dave Dean - MTRI Unpaved Roads Data Collections

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Remote Controlled Helicopter Bergen Tazer 800 Weight: 5.22kg, 12.75kg loaded Max flight time: 18 minutes Max Payload: 10kg GPS IMU: Full autopilot system with the capability of flying preprogrammed waypoints

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Remote Controlled Helicopter

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Ground Station Set waypoints for helicopter collect Google Earth interface Ability to set the altitude and speed

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Ground Station

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Uploading Waypoints to the Helicopter

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Data Collects Total flight time: 16 minutes (not including a 2 minute reserve) Flight time for a 200 m section: 4 minutes During collects helicopter is flown at 2 m/s and at an altitude of 25 m and 30 m (below 100), rural areas only Camera Used: Nikon D800 36.3 MP resolution 55 mm prime lens 8

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Unpaved Road Characteristics Unpaved roads have common characteristics Cross Section (Loss of Crown) Facilitates drainage, typically 2% - 4% (up to 6%) vertical change Sloping away from the centerline to the edge Measure the profile every 10' along the road direction Able to detect a 1% change across a 9'-wide lane Potholes 3 width bins 4 depth bins Ruts Detect features >5, >10' in length, precision +/-2 Corrugations (washboarding) Classify by depth to a precision of +/-1 3 Report total area of the reporting segment affected Roadside Drainage System should be able to measure ditch bottom Relative to road surface within +/-2, if >6 Detect the presence of water, elevation +/-2, width +/-4 Float aggregate (berms) Surface type Surface width Collected every 10', with a precision of +/- 4

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Site Preparation Road divided into 50 m sections (for test flights) Road was blocked during flights

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Distress Measurements Measurements are taken of all distresses within the segment Potholes Rutting Washboarding Loose aggregate

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Remote Controlled Helicopter Demonstration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBNQzM7xGQo

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Piotter Rd. and Garno Collect November 8, 2012

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Helicopter Collect Piotter Rd.

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Helicopter Data Piotter Rd. 25 m Altitude

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Helicopter Collect Garno Rd.

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Helicopter Data Garno Rd. 25m Altitude

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Resolution from 25m at Garno Rd.

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Aerial Collect Aircraft: Cessna 172 Average air speed: 65 Knots (~75 mph) Altitudes flown: 500 and 1000 feet Nikon D800 with 105 mm prime lens

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Aerial Collect Piotter

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Aerial Data Piotter Rd. 500 ft Altitude

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Aerial Collect Garno Rd.

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Aerial Data Garno Rd. 500 ft Altitude

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2013 Collects Planned addition of Bergen Hexacopter Compare & contrast capabilities of single-rotor helicopter vs. multi-rotor helicopter Fly rural unpaved roads with variety of distresses New aerial collect with 200 mm lens Camera will be mounted to the door of a Cessna 152 - nadir Working with John Sullivan of Aerial Associates Photography, Inc., as recommended by President of Professional Aerial Photographers Association Chuck Boyle 2013 collection details will be documented in Deliverable 7-A Field Deployment Plans report, due 5/30/2013