X-DF the gas engine for merchant marine ships

LNG is starting the transition to carbon-free fuel

IMO environmental Regulation Quality of air and climate change

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IMO GHG strategy A dual problem: more energy is requested with less carbon

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• Seaborn trade is doubling by 2050 compared to 2008

• Increased vessel and propulsion efficiency incl. speed reduction will alone not be enough to meet the set target by 2050

• Alternative fuels need to be used

• LNG is one of them

• Non fossil Methane or non fossil Diesel need to become available for shipping to achieve 50% GHG emission cut in 2050

A long heritage in diesel and gas engine design

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WinGD has its headquarter in

Winterthur Switzerland, one of the

earliest exponents

of the Diesel engine technology.

It started with the development of

internal combustion engine in

1898 under the “Sulzer” name

and continues to develop power

solutions

1898

2015

1997

X-DF engines reference list

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X62DF

X72DF

115K dwt Crude Oil Tankers

180K cu.m. LNGC/twin screw

174K cu.m. LNGC/twin screw

23 engines

174k cu.m. LNGC/twin screw

180K dwt Bulk Carriers130 engines

RT-flex50DF15K dwt Product Tankers

1-2K TEU Feeder CVs

14-20K cu.m. LNG Carriers 17 engines

OrdersVessel typeX-DF engine type

TOTAL 185 DF engines (ca. 3.3 GW)

6 enginesX52DF 125K dwt Shuttle Tanker

7’000 vehicles Car Carrier

X92DF 22K TEU Post-Panamax CVs 9 engines

X engines (Diesel) reference list

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X62

X72

X92

56–108K dwt Bulk Carriers

60K dwt Chemical Tankers

115K dwt Crude/Product Tankers

2-3K TEU Feeder CVs

80K cu.m. LPGC

79 engines

150-210K dwt Bulk Carriers

158K dwt Crude Oil Tankers

3-8K TEU Intermediate CVs 74 engines

X82

250-400K dwt Bulk Carriers

280-310K dwt Crude Oil Tankers

8-12K TEU Neo-Panamax CVs

12-15K TEU Neo-Panamax CVs

98 engines

X35

X40

8K Multi-Purpose Vessels

10-44K dwt Bulk Carriers

11-22K dwt Chemical Tankers

23K dwt Shuttle Tankers

1-2K TEU Feeder CVs

2K cars Car Carriers

82 engines

10 engines

8-12K TEU Neo-Panamax CVs

12-15K TEU Neo-Panamax CVs

15K+ TEU Post-Panamax CVs50 engines

OrdersVessel typeX engine type

TOTAL 427 X engines (ca. 10.3 GW)

X52 38-70K dwt Bulk Carrier

50K dwt Product Tankers34 engines

The order that will change the future……

WinGD is the preferred choice for 9 x 22 000 TEU C/V

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Main engine 12X92DF

Power 63 840 kW / 80 rpm

Bore 920 mm

Stroke 3 468 mm

Length 23 000 mm

Weight 2 140 tons

Gensets

Wärtsilä 6 x L34DF

Fuel Gas Supply System

Wärtsilä

Fuel gas tank

GTT 18 600 m3

Press Release of Nov. 7, 2017

http://www.cma-cgm.com/news/1811/world-innovation-cma-cgm-is-the-first-shipping-company-to-choose-liquefied-natural-gas-for-its-biggest-ships

Announced during COP 23 (UN Climate Change Conference) in Bonn, Nov 6 - 17, 2017

41 LNG-fuelled vessels with X-DF

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• The propulsion of choice!

RT-flex50DF (5,7 cyl)

• 4 x 15k dwt Chemical Tanker, Sweden

• 6 x 1400 TEU Container Vessel, Finland

• 4 x 15k dwt Asphalt Carrier, Canada

X52DF (7,8 cyl)• 2 x 125k dwt twin-screw Shuttle Tanker, Singapore / Norway• 1 x 7000 unit PCTC

X62DF (6,7 cyl)• 13 x 114k dwt Aframax Tanker, Russia / Singapore

X72DF (6 cyl)• 2 x 180 k dwt Bulker, Korea

X92DF (12 cyl)• 9 x 22’000 TEU Container Vessels, France

70 LNG Carriers with X-DF

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• 5RT-flex50DF

1 x 14k m3 Coastal LNGC

• 5X52DF

1 x 30k m3 LNGC

• 6X62DF

5 x 180k m3 LNGC

• 5X72DF

57 x 174k/180k m3 LNGC

• 6X72DF

6 x 180k m3 LNGC

Shipbuilders: SHI, HHI, DSME, Hudong

138 engines on order

hereof 39 delivered, hereof 19 in operation

TOTAL 181 engines + options (Feb 2019)

X-DF the only low speed low pressure engine in the market

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Low pressure X-DF technologyMaximum simplicity

The Principle• Engine operating according to Otto process

• Pre-mixed ‘Lean-burn’ combustion technology

• Low-pressure gas admission at ’mid-stroke’ location

• Ignition by pilot-fuel into pre-chambers

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The main merits • Simple, safe and reliable gas supply system• Simple gas sealing• Wide selection of proven compressors / cryogenic

pumps

Lean burn OTTO combustion• IMO Tier III compliant:

• Without additional equipment (EGR/SCR)

• Without additional fuel consumption

• Without compromised component reliability

Combustion principle

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The main merits

• Low gas pressure < 13 bar

• Simple and reliable gas supply system

• Simple gas sealing

• Wide selection of proven compressors / pumps

• Lean Burn‘Otto’ combustion means IMO Tier III

compliance:

• Without additional equipment (EGR/SCR)

• Without additional fuel consumption

• Without compromised component reliability

• Gas mode: Pre-mixed lean-burn ‘Otto’ combustion

• Diesel mode: Diesel process

Scavenging Compression/

gas admission

Ignition →

expansion

Combustion: comparison Diesel & Otto cycle

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Otto cycle – lean combustionDiesel cycle - rich combustion

Fuel

Air

local

hotspotsequal

temperature

distribution

high NOX

emission

low NOX

emission

X-DF emission overviewCH4 contribution converted to CO2 equivalent emissions

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• Particle Matters (PM) very low due to ‘lean-burn’ Otto combustion with pre-chamber ignition

• Close to zero SOx due to clean natural gas

• NOx level far below Tier lll due to ‘lean-burn’ Otto combustion

• CH4 emissions (Unburned Hydrocarbons) = ‘Methane slip’ is reducing the CO2 reduction with a conversion factor of 28 *) of -15% to -20% CO2 equivalent compared to the diesel engine.

• X-DF contributes positively to reduce the total emissions compared to any engine operating in the Diesel process

*): IPCC report ‘Climate Change 2014’, GWP factor 28

X-DFME-GI

Diesel / HFO

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

CO2

NOx

SOx

PM

Em

iss

ion

va

lue

s [

%]

Low speed engines are the most efficient machine

Why WinGD low-speed two-stroke engines?

X-DF has the engine efficiency up to 52%:

• Lower fuel and gas consumption than medium speed engine and gas turbine

• Best possible fuel efficiency at partial load

• Double or multi points engine tuning for high plant flexibility

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Some consideration about C02

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IMO GHG strategy A dual problem: more energy is requested with less carbon

IMSF Athens 2019

• Seaborn trade is doubling by 2050 compared to 2008

• Increased vessel and propulsion efficiency incl. speed reduction will alone not be enough to meet the set target by 2050

• Alternative fuels need to be used

• LNG is one of them

• Non fossil Methane or non fossil Diesel need to become available for shipping to achieve 50% GHG emission cut in 2050

90% of the goods are transported by seaSeaborne trade→ shipping is responsible of 3% of CO2 emission

WinGD company presentation Feb 2019

Global energy growing scenarions

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Source BP energy outlook 2019

Global Energy mix By Sector, region and fuel

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Power sector is where the CO2 reduction is possible

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Speed penetration of a new fuel

LNGC-Market / Technology / Exerience / V.Galke

LNG as marine fuel

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X-DF emission overviewCH4 contribution converted to CO2 equivalent emissions

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• Particle Matters (PM) very low due to ‘lean-burn’ Otto combustion with pre-chamber ignition

• Close to zero SOx due to clean natural gas

• NOx level far below Tier lll due to ‘lean-burn’ Otto combustion

• CH4 emissions (Unburned Hydrocarbons) = ‘Methane slip’ is reducing the CO2 reduction with a conversion factor of 28 *) of -15% to -20% CO2 equivalent compared to the diesel engine.

• X-DF contributes positively to reduce the total emissions compared to any engine operating in the Diesel process

*): IPCC report ‘Climate Change 2014’, GWP factor 28

X-DFME-GI

Diesel / HFO

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

CO2

NOx

SOx

PM

Em

iss

ion

va

lue

s [

%]

LNG is starting the transition to carbon-free fuel

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LNG fuelled ship

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Forecast of LNG fleet development

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LNG bunkering ports is growing

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Conclusions

• CO2 reduction is the next challenge for the shipping industry (and for the world!)

• LNG as fuel allows a CO2 reduction of more than 20%

• Not enough alone for reaching the IMO target, but in combination with other energy saving strategy, LNG can allow today to operate a ship close to the average IMO target 2050

• Alternative fuels need to be used

• Non fossil Methane or non fossil Diesel need to become available for shipping to achieve 50% GHG emission cut in 2050

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Thanks

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CONFIDENTIAL

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Methane emissionsWhy methane emissions of X-DF are not a climate relevant concern

• Overall Methane is 15 to 18% of global GHG emissions only.

• 50% of that is related to agriculture activities with livestock /meat production the predominate source.

• All existing LNG fuelled ships in the world (based on X-DF engines) would emit, during the year 2022, as much Methane emissions as all livestock in New Zealand in 1 day !

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Human development is

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Seaborne trade: long term scenario

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Emissions of X-DF engines

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Different effect of different GHGCalculating GHG efficiency of different technologies needs detailed analysis

• GHG emissions have a different effect on global warming

• Methane is 28x stronger than CO2 but is disappearing over time

• Nitrous Oxide are the strongest GHG

• CO2 stays forever ….

IMSF Athens 2019

Methane emissionsWhy methane emissions of X-DF are not a climate relevant concern

• Overall Methane is 15 to 18% of global GHG emissions only.

• 50% of that is related to agriculture activities with livestock /meat production the predominate source.

• All existing LNG fuelled ships in the world (based on X-DF engines) would emit, during the year 2022, as much Methane emissions as all livestock in New Zealand in 1 day !

IMSF Athens 2019

LNG carrier application comparisonPre-conditions & assumptions for typical 174’000cbm designed LNGCFollowing two machinery concepts are compared for laden and ballast operation at sea:

• WinGD:Main engines 2 x 5X72DF (per engine: CMCR 11.350kW) and 4s DF aux. engines for electric power generation (1 aux engine in operation with load 70%)

• MAN ES:Main engines 2 x 5G70ME-C-GI (per engine: CMCR 11.350kW) and 4s DF aux. engines for electric power generation (2 aux. engines in operation with load 50%)

Electric power demand* in relation to the machinery solution:

• Ship (WinGD or MAN): Hotel load 2 000 kWe

• WinGD: Low pressure gas compressor 800 kWe

• MAN: High pressure gas compressor 1500 kWe

• TIER III (MAN): Exhaust Gas Recirculation (blower and water treatment system) 150 kWe per ship

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*assumed constant during load range

5X72DF 5G70ME-C-GI 4s DF

Aux. engines

Lload

[%]

CH4

[g/kWh]

CH4

[g/kWh]

CH4

[g/kWh]

100 1.61 0.35 3.6

75 1.68 0.35 4.5

50 2.08 0.41 7.1

25 2.32 0.5 15.1

Unburned methane emission for machinery equipment:

LNGC machinery GHG emissions

Calculations of GHG emissions for following conditions:• TIER III operation • ISO conditions• BSFC and BSGC are without tolerances• Main fuel (LNG) and pilot fuel (MDO)• Global Warming Potential according to the IPCC report ‘Climate Change 2014: GWP100=28

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10

12

14

16

18

20

22

70

120

170

220

270

320

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

V s

hip

[k

n]

GH

G e

mis

sio

n [

t/d

ay]

Engine load [%]

Concept 2 x 5X72DF engine Concept 2 x 5G70ME-C-GI engine Approx. vessel speed

What about non-GHG emissions?Toxic emission components with different engine technologies

NOX and Particulate Matter (PM) are a serious hazard

to human health and can be most effectively reduced

with X-DF propulsion!

Extract from the latest WHO report, 02.05.2018:

“In 2016, 91% of the world population was living in places

where the WHO air quality guidelines levels were not met.

Ambient (outdoor air pollution) in both cities and rural areas

was estimated to cause 4.2 million premature deaths

worldwide in 2016.”

http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-

sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health

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Summary: Emissions of X-DF enginesX-DF provides the lowest overall emission footprint

• Third IMO GHG study 2014:

• Shipping contribution to global emissions:

• 2.8% of GHG emissions

• 15% of NOx emissions

• 13% of SOx emissions

• X-DF engines significantly reduce emissions with toxic effect on human health (NOX, SOX, PM) to lowest level in the industry

• GHG emissions are reduced compared to conventional diesel engines

• Methane emissions of the X-DF have insignificant impact on the global GHG emissions

IMSF Athens 2019

• X-DF engines provide the most environmentally sustainable total emission footprint currently available