x-ray digital sensor

X-ray Digital Image Sensor























Diagnosis Imaging

Topics 1. Interpretation of Abdominal Radiography

�� .�.�.��ก �� ก 2. Basic Abdominal Ultrasonography for practitioners

�� .�.�� 3. Diagnostic Imaging of the Urinary System: Radiography and Ultrasonography

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4. Veterinary Imaging Modalities: Digital Radiography

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Interpretation of Abdominal Radiography �.�.��.��ก�� ก

"$%��&��'��! ��(��( ��ก��ก�� kVp �#�� 60-90 kV ()�� 400 speed image

receptors ( Screen and film speed ) ��<=��ก��>��ก��?)<=��@��)Aก��ก A movement blur (��E��>��(��(��E�� Detail screen ��=A ?��<G�HI)J��ก��J?��AE�A ��<G��<=��ก)��?��A�� ก��A#ก��)��?��)Kก��(��K��A�� ?��?)��G��A A��K�ก��>��)��G��A A��)��K�� ก�� ?��#�ก�=�ก)��HI)J� ��ก��A ( End Expiratory Phase ) ��กก�� !��"#$%�&'%��(%� �)�กก�� =��กก��)E�A�>?<�

1. ก�� Primary gastrointestinal system (ก��()�)E�@�� ) 2. ก�� Secondary gastrointestinal system ( ��> �� @� ��>�� >>�<>��S�J()��>>��>��TU��)

ก��)�'�"��*"+��, �!��"#&'%��(%� ( Radiographic position ) Standard survey radiography �� abdomen ��ก��ก��A�� 2 ��@A�(ก� ventrodorsal projection ()�

�� right ��<� left lateral recumbent projection. ��<=��ก��W��?��(�ก��?��E��(ก?��(�ก��

?��ก ��ก��?� ?� �XY�� ก��ก)<�(>��=� ก��ZA��>��)<�AAE� �T[��<=��K��?JT��ก�>��G�@A��A��G�()��<=��ก��)Aก��\ A�)�A��ก��]A�Z��=�)�กY^��ก)��?� ?��W��)��G@A�(ก� Gastro-Intestinal Contrast Studies • ก��ก)<�(>��=� ( Barium Meal ) • ก��A��(>��=� ( Barium Enema ) •Negative Contrast Gastrography •Liquid Iodine Positive Contrast Studies •Barium Impregnated Poly Spheres [BIPS] 1. ��%)%�� ก�34!�3%��5�3�+�6"( ( Primary gastrointestinal system ) 1.1 ��%)%�� ( Oesophagus )

]ATก� �)�A��@��K��Tก� ]AT��X��กก��E��?� ?� �XY ]�?��<�?��\ ATก� �=��@A�>��)�A��?<� Generalised oesophageal hypomotility ก�> Oesophageal foreign body impaction ]A Generalised Oesophageal Hypomotility ��>)�กY^��)�A��A��k��=��ก�X��A�� Dorsolateral ��)�A)�()�heart base,()��@T��A��@T�� diaphragm. ��<��)�กY^��T[��ก��


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@Tm�=��ก�� stripe sign ก��<��]�?�G��ก��E�ก��ก)<�(>��=��ก�� Z� ]ATก� ��<=��E�ก��ก)<�(>��=�()��?�� ก��>(>��=��)��)<�@A�>��(��)<��#��T� ��^��กกK��T[�]�?�G@A�

1.2 ก�34!�3%�� ( Stomach ) ก�� ?Tก� ��ก��(>��ก�T[� 4 ��?<� Cardia , fundus, body and pyloric antrum. ]A(>��

�E�(��ก��ก�T[�A��m��()�� VD ��<� DV view m�=�A��m��> Fundus , body ()� cardia �� pylorus ��#��A�� lateral ��>�� Fundus ()� Body ��#��A��>�� pylorus ��#��A��)��

ก�34!�3%��,<) ( Gastric Dilation and Volvulus ) ]ATก� ��ก��=��@A�]A��ก�=��A@��ก �� intercostal space

�E��> fundus ()�@��ก � 1.5 �� intercostal space �E��> pylorus ��ก�^�=�ก A�� gastric rotation ��>�� pylorus and proximal duodenum ��A��>�� gastric

silhouette �� lateral ()��@T�#��A��m�� VD ��<� DV view ��<��> tissue fold �=(>��ก��=��ก�T[� 2 ��<��H��ก�X 2 H��m��ก��<��ก�� qa bumr sign "<A�5B�กB�%CDEก�34!�3%�� (Gastric Foreign Bodies) � =�(T)กT)��=ก�� ( Gastric foreign bodies ) ��ก�>@A�>�� survey radiographs. � =�(T)กT)��=�>@A�>��?<� stones, bone fragments, squash balls, bottle tops and hairballs m�=��ก�G��K�@A��ก��Tก� �>�� A�=@��K�@A�� @A�(ก� plastics ()� @��

Gastric Wall Pathology ]�? Infiltrative lesions ��ก��\)��\��ก��m�=��E��(T)\)@��?��@A��ก��Tก� A��G�ก��E�

��?� ? double contrast gastric examination ��ก� �=��TUk��\��ก��<��<G��ก. 1.3 �+�6"(4�Jก5�3�+�6"(D�K' ( Small Intestine and Large intestine) �+�6"(4�Jก

�� K�)�กY^� out-pouchings ��A�)Kก�=��ก�� pseudo-ulcers ]A��K��T[�(��sE��=��ก��ก lumen �� duodenum ��E��?� ? contrast studies. ��>)�กY^� Hypersegmentation ��<� ��@��ก [String of Pearls sign] ��)E�@��)Kกm�=��<��Tก� ��(��(��@��Tก� �� ?��\ ATก� �#� 2 T��)E�@��)Kก�=��K�@A��กก��E� barium studies ?<� ก��A\ ATก� ��)E�@��)Kก]A��A��\��X#�Jก)��Tก� ��)E�@��)Kก@��?��ก ��=ก��=��A�� vertebral bodie �� lumbar vertebrae �= 2 ��()� L4 ��(�� Lateral view ?��\ ATก� ��\��)E�@��)Kก �+�6"(%M)��E ( Small Bowel Obstruction )

ก��A��)E�@��T[�(>>>��<��A��(>>��>#� JกK@A� ��ก� �=�T[�(>>�Z>�)��ก��A��E��ก A focal ileus. )�กY^��)E�@��T[��<��>��)� ��<��A��ก�� (Concertina-like gathering (plication) ��)E�@��ก A��ก� =�(T)กT)��=�T[�� ( linear foreign body ) \)��E��ก Aก��A��>�� ( partial intestinal obstruction )


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4EOP%�%ก$%��+�6"(4�Jก ( Small Intestinal Neoplasia ) ��<G��ก)E�@��)Kก��K��T[�)�กY^� focal ileus m�=��ก��T[�� loop �A��=�ก��Am�=�

��T[�ก�m��<��)��#��A)E�@��=�� ก��E��?� ? contrast studies ��K�ก��A��A)E�@��ก��T[�� ก��)E�@��=�>)�m�=��)�กY^��G��T[��=��ก�� 'apple core' Small Intestinal Mucosal Patterns

��()�(��Tก� ��G�ก��)�กY^� mucosal patterns �E��T[��?� ? positive contrast radiographs Tก� ()�� mucosal patterns ��)�กY^�\ � mucosa ?��>()�@��ก��G��A��<��)�กY^��T[� palisade pattern ( ��G�กE�(�� ) �+�6"(D�K' ( Large Intestine ) ]?�� ileo-caeco-colic junction ��#��A�� midline ��A�>T��^ lumbar vertebrae.�= 2 ()� 4 �#T��G��)�กY^��T[��ก)��<��ก�>'cork screw' (��(��#T��<��ก�> comma ]A�#�� Aก�> colon ��?� �E��>ก��<=�A#ก��T)=�(T)��S ��)E�@��k�?��A#�ก ��G�ก��A��A��\��X#�Jก)��?��ก��\ก\��ก ]�?�=�>@A�>��)E�@��k�?<� �ก Aก��ก)<�ก�� Ileocolic junction ��ก��E�ก��A��(>��=��<=�<��ก��ก)<�ก�� =��K��K�ก��A�T[� fold m��ก��@T��

]�?�=�ก=�ก�>)E�@��k��k��T[�?��)��)��ก��?)<=��\��@T��A �� ก�� ileus m�=�(>��ก�T[� Mechanical (Obstructive ileus), Functional (Paralytic ileus ) 2. �!��"#ก�S�< �TBก�<$%� %��S�3 �SDE&'%��(%��#A6C'D&' Gastrointestinal tract 2.1 ��, ( Liver )

��Tก� ��>��A��A��>��TUk��]��<�@�� ]A�Z��ก��ก��>��>��>��<=��)��]?��ก��ก��Tก� �E��\ A��ก Aก��]��<��A��>@A� ]ATก� ��T)��A��>�=<=��)��]?�� ( costal margins of the rib cage ) @T��G��A@��ก � 0.5-2.1 ��A?�� Body ��ก��A#ก��)��= 2. ( Lumbar vertebrae body 2 th ) ]A��>��?�>��(?��()��ก��A ( End-expiration phase ) ��<��A?��@A��ก(>>��=�?<� @��?��ก �1.7 �� body �� Thoracic vertebrae �= 11 ��ก��ก�G��>�ก@A��>��A]��<�@��ก��=��ก� �=��>@��@A�<=��ก ��]?��กกก��Tก� ��>ก��?)<=��=�� the right kidney @T��A��(?��<�� >(ก��ก�� ( Tก� ��A ��(?�]A�� =��ก fundus )�ก��@T��A�� ventral ��E�(�� pylorus m�=�Tก� (��G��#��(��G�Z�กก�>ก��A#ก��)��<�(��ก�> rib ��<��(��G ) ��>=�@T��A��กก��Tก� �>��ก��>��()��>��>ก)��ก)>��>�� left and right lateral liver 2.26� ( Kidneys ) ��ก��A��A��@�Tก� ��( VD radiograph ) ��A?��Tก� ��@��A��ก��A��@T��T�>��>ก�>��A?�� body �� Lumbar vertebra�= 2 ��>��A?��Tก� ?��A��ก�> ��A?��Tก� ��@��?��A��ก�>2.5 - 3.2 �� L2 ��A?��Tก� ��@�(��?��A��ก�> 2.4 -


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3.0 �� E�(�� Tก� ��@��> ��Tก� @��#�>� ��^��G�(��ก��A#ก��)��ก�= 13 �� lumbar �= 1 ()� 2 ��Tก� @��m��#�>� ��^��G�(��ก��A#ก��)��= 1 �� lumbar �= 2()� 3 ]ATก� ก��A#@��Tก� ��ก��@��?��K�]A�Z��@��A�� (��ก��K�@��G��?��E� 2 ��?� ?��<=�ก��K�?<� contrast nephrography ()� renal ultrasonography. 2.2 ��,%'%E ( Pancreas ) ��>��Tก� ��@��K��=�@T�� (��>��ก� �� ก��ก��>��>�� (pancreatitis) ()� ก��<G��=��>�� E��K�ก�� =��G�� soft tissue opacity �T[��A>� ��^�� cranial abdomen )�กY^��>��ก��>��>ก�� =� soft tissue opacity �=@��>��A��>� ��^ cranial abdomen. ��K�� ก��T[�)�กY^�?)��ก��<G��=A��<=�W��ก��ก>� ��^��G�]A�Z��ก� �� cyst ��<� abscess ��K�ก��A�� descending duodenum ��>� ��^ cranial duodenal flexure.ก��<��ก��กก��Tก� 2.3 C(�C ( The Spleen ) �� dorsoventral (or ventrodorsal) radiographs ��K�� head ��#��A�� fundus of the stomach ()��A��@T��A�� cranial pole of the left kidney. (��A��body ()� tail ��K�@A��ก��<=��ก��ก��?��?)<=��@T@A��)�A��G��m�=��ก��@A��G�(��ก��@T��ก��TU��. �� lateral radiographs ��@T��A��)��m�=��K��#��ก)��<��#�>��<G��>� ��^��A�=�T[��A<� ��A��Tก� ��?��A�ก��<=��ก��G��=�T[�l physiological variations ก�>pathological splenomegaly m�=�ก��A� �]A��A��T[�@T@A��ก 2.3 Retroperitoneal Space(RPS) �T[��=�#�� lumbar muscles ()� the dorsal boundaries of the peritoneum.m�=�>� ��^�G��T��ก�>@TA��W@A�(ก� kidneys, both adrenals, major arteries and veins and lymphatics ก��A��A�� retroperitoneal space �� =��A��G�(�� descending colon ��>� ��^ Lumbar �= 6 ()�>� ��^d Lumbar �= 7 m�=��>�� A�� RPS ��>� ��^ lumbar �= 6 ��A 0.6 - 1.5 �� L2 ��A�� RPS ��>� ��^ lumbar �= 7 ��A 0.4 - 1.0 �� L2 m�=��>��ก��A�� RPS ��>��>�ก��ก��)� (ก� ��<��ก��<G��ก�ก A��G� 2.5 C)�Xก ( The Uterus ) ]ATก� ��@��K� uterus ()� ovaries ��=�@T (��ก�� ?�� body of uterus @A�]A�� soft tissue �=�)�กY^��T[��#�� colon ก�> urinary bladder. ��ก� �=�A)#ก��A@��k�ก��)E�@��)Kก��(ก@A��ก��(��E��)��A��=�T[�@��<��)�� AกK@A�กA)�@T��>� ��Â��=? A��T[��E�(��ก��TU��E��K��A)#ก@A�


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Basic Abdominal Ultrasonography for practitioners �.��.� ��S y ��Kk� �S �� )��*�(��!��)�(+�

1. ��Tก� J()��?�<=��<��ก��E��)��m��AJ�� (Instrumentation) Transducer (Scan head) ก��)<�ก transducer �=��ก��E��)��m��AJ��G� ��ก��G��#�ก�>T��>ก�� J��\#��E��)��m��AJ ก��)<�ก?��=��?)<=��()�ก��)<�ก��A�� Transducer ��ก�>��J��(��)��T[�� =��=�E��T[��ก ก)��?<� ��=��GE��ก��ก�� 10 ก ])ก�� ()� (��?��=�� 7.5-10 MHz.(?��=�=�#��=��A�G��E�ก��()��K�@A�) ��Aก)��GE��ก 10-20 ก ])ก�� ?��=�� 5 MHz. ()��E��>��A��k��GE��ก��กก�� 20 ก ])ก�� ?��=�� 3 MHz. ��<��ก�� (Nyland T.G. and Matton J.S. ,2002) ��ก��)<�ก?��=�=��@A�()��G�@��@A��?��?��=��G��)�Aก��E��)��m��AJ��G��<G�()�)�ก��ก��ก@T �� k��)<�ก��?��= 3 MHz. ��ก��E��>��)�กW (��T)=��?��=��T[� 5 - 7.5 MHz. ��ก��E��()�@� Monitor ��)��m��AJ�ก A��G�@A�]A��X��<G�|�� pulse- echo principle ก)��?<� >� ��^�� transducer ��?)<=��ก@Tก��>ก�>��<G��<=��ก��G�?)<=��ก)�>��= Transducer ()��ก��T[��= monitor ��=T��ก}��G��)��m��AJ(>��ก�T[� A mode, B mode ()� M mode A mode (Amplitude mode) �T[� mode �=��?��=��=��A ��E��>ก��<��ก�>ก��A?��()�?��)�ก�� @�� ?) � ก��J�)G� B mode (Brightness mode) �T[� mode �=��T��ก}�T[�(>>��A (�AE��ก�>��) @��@A��K��T[��=��A��@�� ก��ก��ก�� M mode (Motion mode) �T[� mode �=��ก��ก� �� echocardiography ��ก�> B mode (real time) M mode ��A#()�>��ก?��)�กก� �� vertical axis ()� horizontal axis �T��]��J ��ก��A# cardiac chamber ()�?��\��ก)��<G�� Real time B mode �T[� mode �=@A��K��?)<=��@��(>> gray scale �T[��=@A��กก��A��W ก��ก A�� sagital, transverse, dorsal ()� oblique ��W ��G��#�ก�>ก�� transducer �=\��J �� A�� Real time B mode scanners @A�(ก� Mechanical sector scanner, Phased array sector scanner, Linear array scanner, ()� Curvilinear array sector Ultrasound contrast Agents ��)��m��AJ��)�T[��ก� =��=��=�E��T[��ก��ก��E��)��m��AJ ��<=��ก�T[��=)A��ก�X�=�ก A��G��>� ��^\ ��E��=T��ก}�� B mode real time ��A��ก��G� ��ก��ก��)()�� (�)ก��)JกK�T[��ก��=��=�E��>� monitor ��A��ก��G� 2. ก��)��m��AJ()�?E��E�ก�A?�� ( Image interpretation and Termination) ��T��ก�>A�� > �� @� ก��TU�� ก�� >�� )E�@�� )#ก��ก �A)#ก ()��GE��)<�� G��)�A�)<�A()��@��W A��


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�)<�A()��GE��=�#��W ��AE�� )��m��AJ�T[��ก��ก)�>��?)<=��@A��ก (��T[��GE��=�?�� m))J ��<��ก��=@A��)�กY^��T[��ก��G�ก��A � )�กY^��<G��<=��=Tก� ��?��(�ก��?��()�AE��ก�� A��= 1 ��<=��ก��<G��<=��=��ก��?��ก��ก)�>��?)<=��=��ก�� = 1 Order of increasing echogenicity of body tissue and substance (Nyland T.G. and Matton J.S. ,2002)

?E��E�ก�A?��)��m��AJ ( Terminology) >� ��^�=��กW (�ก��#�) ��ก�� Hyperechoic (Echo rich) >� ��^�=�� (�ก��=E�) ��ก�� Hypoechoic (Echo poor) >� ��^�=��AE�� (@��ก��ก)�>) ��ก�� Anechoic (Echo free) Homogeneous ��=�)�กY^��>��T[��<G��A�ก��A��A�=T��ก}�T[�(>>�)Kก)��A Heterogeneous ��)�กY^�@��>��T[��<G��A�ก��A��A�=T��ก}�T[�(>>ก)��<��k�@��)��A 3. ก��()�ก��A��ก��)��m��AJ (Preparatoion and Positioning of the patient) ก��)��m��AJ��G��(��J�=��E��)��m��AJ��#��ก)��?�<=��)��m��AJ()��J ]A��?�<=��)��m��AJ�#�A��m��<�()��<�m��ก��กA?�>?��T��>� ��^ monitor ()��<��> transducer ��>)�@T>��J ก��J�)G�ก��E��)��m��AJ��ก��E�ก��]ก��>� ��^��ก �>� ��^��G�(�� costal arch ��>� ��^�� (� ��(>��J�)=��>��J 40) (��>��=��>� ��^��>��<��#�()��@��?��E��T[��ก��]ก�� (��E��>� ��^��)��m��AJ�T�ก�<G��ก�>��)��A��E��)��m��AJ��A��G�

Bile, Urine AE� (�ก��ก)�>��?)<=��@A��ก) Renal medulla � Muscle � Renal cortex � Liver � Fat (storage) � Spleen � Prostate � Renal sinus � Structure fat, vessel wall � Bone, Gas �� (�ก��ก)�>��?)<=��@A��ก)


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�E��>��ก��A��J�=� ��=��A?<� dorsal recumbency )��)��?<� lateral recumbency ()��>��<��=��A��k��ก ��ก�^�=�?��E��T[��=��J?��)ก�)=� morphine ()� ��S�J ��E��ก A��ก��>()��(ก��A ��@A� ��G��ก)�� Xylazine A��E��ก A gastric atony 4. ก�� ?()��?� ?��ก��)��m��AJ��W�� (Anatomy and Technique of abdominal ultrasound ) ��G��>��G�(��)��ก��>��)�� ก��m�=��T��ก�>@TA��ก)��WA��G

1. ��> ��GE�A �� @� ��@� ก��TU�� (SET 1) 2. ��@�� A)#ก ��)#ก��ก (SET2) 3. ก�� )E�@��)Kก ��>�� )E�@��k� ()�)E�@�� (SET3) 4. ��ก@� ��GE��)<�� ()��)�A�)<�A caudal vena cava , aorta, portal vein (SET4) �E��>\#�� =��E��)��m��AJ�� =��ก SET 1 ก��ก��G�?��W �E�� SET 2,3,4

�� =�ก��E��)��m��AJA�� SET �= 1 ก��)��m��AJ��>��#�� Dorsal recumbency ��ก��G�� =�� transducer ��)� xiphoid process ��ก��A#ก sternum �� transducer ��T[�(�� sagital plan ก�>��>��<=��@A��?�>��กก��> m�=�T��ก�>@TA�� Left medial lobe, Left lateral lobe, Process lobe, Right medial lobe, Quadrate lobe, Right lateral lobe ()� Caudal lobe ]A ��GE�A��#�� Right medial lobe ()� Quadrate lobe (Ronald W.G., 1996) ��ก��ก�G?��E� transverse plan ��A�� m��AJ��>�=Tก� ��>��<G��<=��>(>> homogeneous echoic ()��> anechoic ��)�A�)<�A ]A\��)�A�)<�A�� portal vein �� (hyperechoic) ก�� hepatic vein ��GE�A��>)�กY^� anechoic round structures ()��>>��

ก��)��m��AJ��E��ก��=�A� Aก�> greater curvature ��ก�� ]A��(>��ก�T[�� head, body ()� tail ��<G��<=��=Tก� ��)�กY^� homogeneous echoic ��ก��(�� hyperechoic ก��> ก��)��m��AJ@��G�(>��ก@A��T[��]AA�� cranial pole ��@��\��ก�> caudal lobe ��> ��@�m��#�A��)��A��ก��กก��()�� Tก� ��@��>�� renal cortex ()� renal medullar (ก��ก��กก��A�� ]A��G� cortex �� (hyperechoic) ก��G� medullar ก��)��m��AJก��TU�� E� transducer ��>)�@T>� ��^ caudal abdomen ��> Anechoic oval structure (��E�@A��G��GE�TU��#��K��ก��TU��) ก��E��)��m��AJ SET �=2 ก��E��)��m��AJ��@��()��A)#ก��G� �T[��=?��@A��ก��ก� �=��Tก� ]ATก� �A)#ก��?��ก�� 1 cm. ]A�E�(��)��m��AJ��G��ก��TU��@A�ก��A)#ก��(�� dorsal surface ��ก��TU�� @��E�@A�]A��@��>ก��ก��G��)<=��@T�=A��@��G��A�� E��>ก��)��m��AJ��)#ก��ก��G��E�@A�@��ก��)#ก��ก��#�>� ��^ next of bladder ก��E��)��m��AJ SET �=3 ก��()�)E�@��)Kก �E�@A�� dorsal recumbency ]A�� transducer �= xiphoid region ��ก��#��)��> ก�� fundus ()� body ��A��m��)E�� pyloric ()� )E�@�� duodenum ��#�A��)E�� E��>��>��(>��ก�T[� 2 ��?<� left lobe �� greater curvature of stomach ก�> transverse colon ]A��(�� lateral @Tก�>��()� cranial pole ��@�m�� ()� right lobe ��


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@Tก�> duodenum ��>��=�#��Tก� ��)�กY^��(>> hypoechoic appearance ��)��m��AJ ��)E�@��)Kก�=Tก� ��>)�กY^� hyperechoic ()� hypoechoic layers]A��\��)E�@��T��^ 3�5 cm. ()� T��^ 1.7 cm. ��)E�@��k� ((Nyland T.G. and Matton J.S. ,2002)) ก��E��)��m��AJ�� SET �=4?<��ก@�()��GE��)<��ก)��@T��T[��E�(��=�E�@A�@��ก

ก��E��)��m��AJ��@A�T�� S ��=��A��G��#�ก�>?��ก�� ?��J ()�\#��E�ก��)��m��AJ��)��m��AJ��=Tก� ก��=��A#��=\ ATก� ��W 4%ก"��%(��%<� Nyland T.G. and Matton J.S. 2002. Abdominal ultrasound scanning techniques. Small animal diagnosis ultrasound

(2nd edition) W.B.SAUNDERS COMPANY London. P.49-81. Ronald W.G. 1996. Gross Anatomy of the Abdomen for the Ultrasonologist. Small animal ultrasound. Lippincott-

Raven. New York. P.353-362.


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13

��ก�^�=�?��\ ATก� �ก A��G��A �TU��G� ��ก�ก A��กก��A�� ()�ก��Zก��A��A �TU�� m�=��#)@A�@��ก��ก ก��ก� �=�ก��A��<=��กก�� =�� A�=�?�^��>�� >�� กK��E��>��E�(�� =�@A��A�� ]A��G��Gก��E��?� ?� �XY��?<�� S contrast urethrography ��E��(��J@A��>��#)��กก�� Z�@A�� =��G��กA��

4%ก"��%(��%<� Baines, E.. 2005. Practical contrast radiography 3. urogenital studies. In practice. 27 (10 ): 466 -473. Feeney, D.A. and Johnston, G.R.. 2002. The kidneys and ureters. In: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology.

4th ed.. Pennsylvania. W.B.Saunders Company: 556 -570. Nyland, T.G., Mattoon, J.S., Herrgesell, E.J. and Wisner, E.R.. 2002. Urinary tract. In: Small animal diagnostic

Ultrasound. 2nd ed.. Pennsylvania. W.B.Saunders Company: 158 -195.


14

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T��]��J��กก��=@A��#T��กm��J��#T(>>A � ��) ��T[��\)�)�ก�=�E�?�k��=��ก��A� ��>> digital radiography ?�^T��]��J��=��=@A��>?<�ก��=��(T�\)��\��>> internet (Teleradiology) ]A�=@��E��T[��HI)J�@TA�� E��?E�T��กY�\#��=��k@A� ?��\ A�)�A��กก��A��J��<=��กm��J��<�?��T)�A��@��@A�(�ก��ก��>>�A � ��(��?��?��HI)J�()��GE��)��HI)J��@�� =��G�(��?��E��T[��E�ก��กm��JmGE� ��>> digital radiography �E��>��ก��(��J @A��>ก��T��>�T)=��ก�=��?� ]A�ก�� =��#>�� =��G� (��]A��()��กK?<��>>�A�ก��=��


17

ก��4B�#S,4�#S,�3��'�� CR 5�3 DDR ��>>��>>�G�#ก�E��T�>��>��<=��E�ก��A� ��)<�ก��>>�A ��A��=��A��>> CR กK

?<�ก��A��>>��]A�� m�=��\)�E��ก��>� ก��)��ก� �=��E��JT��ก ��@�กK��)�@��ก=T��=\�� ก��>> CR �� =��ก��G��<=�W ?�^��กm��J(>>A � ��)��G��A��(�>��@��ก�� ()��)��ก�� scan ��ก IP ��A��K��ก��G� ��ก��A� ��)�� 3 �� IP (��=��กm��J) ��TU��>��)�� 1 ��<��ก��G� m�=��G�ก�>?��(��)��?�<=��(��)�>� Y�� ()��<=�� ^��ก�� >> CR ��#ก�E�@T��@A��)�ก�)�ก�� <=��ก��T[� DDR ��Tก� J�� detector ��ก��A(�� Aก�>]��กm��J @��?)<=��@A� ��>> CR �� detector ?<� plate �=��?)<=��E�@T��@A��ก�= m�=��กก��(��J @��#��?) � ก��<��ก�E��<G��= ()��A��?��>> CR ��?��#กก�� DDR ��ก A��\)A��ก)�� >> CR ?��@A��>ก�� ^��)<�ก��กก��>> DDR 4%ก"��%(��%<� Fujifilm NTD systems. http://www.fujindt.com/ndt_fcr.html (accessed October 7, 2007). Lo WY, Puchalski SM. Digital image processing. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2008;49:S42�S47. Mattoon JS, Smith C. Breakthroughs in radiography: computed radiography. Compendium, Veterinary Learning

Systems, 2004. http://www.idexx.com/animalhealth/digital/ compendiumjan2004cr.pdf (accessed October 15, 2007).

Robertson ID, Saverid T. Hospital, Radiology, and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2008;49: S19�S28.

WIDMER, WR. Acquisition hardware fordigital imaging. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, Vol. 49, No. 1, Supp. 1, 2008, pp S2�S8.






From CR to DR .................................. 02

No.1 Share in DR Market .................... 04

Features .............................................. 06

Operation ........................................... 08

Optional Items .................................... 10

Specifications ...................................... 12

Support / After-Service ....................... 13

Contents

Densely aligned CCD sensors with our own unique technology


02

From CR to DRSince Dr. Roentgen discovered the x-ray in 1895, we used films to capture its light.As the market continues to move towards film-less radiology, the technology to detect x-ray has changed from film-base to CR and now to DR system.Densely aligned CCD sensors in NAOMI are now opening a new frontier in digital radiography to make the radiography process more effective and faster.


Direct Digital Radiography CCD Imaging Sensor 03


04

In 2007the No.1 Sharein DR Market* Researched by Yano Research Institute of Economy

Digital radiography system, NAOMI has honorably achieved the top share in DR market among private clinics in 2007. We are striving everyday to develop products to meet the customers' needs.



192 CCD sensors in the digital radiography system, NAOMI


Features

06

48 Megapixel High Image QualityNAOMI uses the maximum of 192 monochrome CCD sensors. By aligning them densely with our unique technology, NAOMI has achieved to capture the intense concentration of light and generates 48 megapixel image quality. The newly developed high-performance engine displays the image smoothly in 4096 gray scales (12 bit). A single image contains immense data information to be displayed, from soft tissue to osseous part in smoother and deeper levels of contrast.

From 5 seconds - Instant Image DisplaySince it is a retrofit system, it is not necessary to replace x-ray generators, modify the office or redo in-office wirings. It is not associated with any hassles such as developing films or scanning the imaging plate with CR system. It takes seconds from x-ray exposure to image display. There is no more waiting for doctors and patients. The captured images are automatically stored in the computer for easier management of the patients' records.

High ResolutionMonochrome CCD Sensor

Scintillator

Carbon Plate

CCD Board

PC

NAOMI

USB cable



Simply Replace the Film CassetteThe necessary equipments are only NAOMI sensor and a computer. The setup is to replace the film cassette with NAOMI sensor, and the office x-ray environment becomes digitized immediately. The doctors can continue to use their current x-ray generators.

Cost and Space SavingsSince films and chemicals are no longer required, it drastically reduces the running cost of the x-ray. It also liberates the dark room and plumbing system for the extra space in the office.

Film-based

film

None

chemicals

maintenance

NAOMI

No cassette preparation or film development. *NAOMI only requires electricity fee


08

Operation

Digital Image Manipulation As simple as a digital camera

The NAOMI software (DICOM 3.0) provides easier methods to digital image manipulation: from magnification on the area of interest, length and angle measurement, contrast adjustment, negative-positive switchover, horizontal/vertical rotation, and side-by-side image layout for comparison. It provides more information on a single image to support diagnosis from various angles.

1. Enter the patient information.Create a folder by the chart number or patient name.

2. IrradiateThe existing x-ray generator in your clinic works with NAOMI.

Through the USB cable, the image data will be downloaded automatically.

Smooth Workflow

DICOM (Digital Image and Communication in Medicine)A communication standard developed by American College of Radiology (ACR) and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) for medical image format acquired from CT, MRI, or digital x-ray.

X-Ray GeneratorNAOMI

USB Cable

IDPatient



3. Instant Image AcquisitionThe captured image is instantly displayed on the monitor and automatically saved into the computer.

Through the LAN connection, the different terminals can access and share the captured images.

Manipulating the image is with an easy single click operation on the mouse. A doctor can start diagnosis instantly.

PC

LAN

Exam Room 1

Exam Room 2

Operation Room

33.4cm 131.2 o

Side-by-side Layout

It allows to display 2, 4, 9 and 16 images on the screen.

Negative/Positive Switchover

The image is displayed in both　 negative and positive.

Annotation Another window opens with the image to measure and create an annotation.

Inversion/Rotation

It inverts or rotates the direction of the image.

Length Measurement

2 images Negative Inversion

RotationPositive4 images

Angle Measurement

Text Insertion

The length can be measured directly on the image.

The angle can be measured directly on the image.

Create a text box on the image to insert a comment.

Comment


10

Optional Items

Monitor

High-contrast, smooth grayscale displayThe x-ray images are precisely displayed on 700cd/m2 high-intensity monochrome monitor. The smooth gradation and rich grayscale show the details of the image.

2-Megapixel High-Contrast Monochrome Monitor

* The computer must be compatible with DVI-D output. If it is only compatible with VGA output, a graphic board with DVI output is necessary.

[Specifications]

LCD panel Technology 20.1-inch, Monochrome, TFT Display Area 16.06 (H) × 12.04 (V) inch Native Resolution 1600 (H) × 1200(V) Pixel Pixel Pitch 0.255 (H) × 0.255 (V) mm Contrast Ratio 1000 : 1 (Typ) Maximum Luminance 700 cd/m2 (Typ) Viewing Angle 170° (H,V) Finishing AG film, Hardcoated

Input Signal Input Sync Signal DVI

Physical Dimensions Landscape:17.56(W)×15.29-20.41(H)×11.18(D)inch

Specifications (with the tilt stand) Portrait:14.17(W)×18.27-22.11(H)×11.18(D)inch Weight approx. 16.72lb, w/o tilt stand: Approx. 12.1lb Stand Pivot, Tilt, Swivel, Height Adjustment Slide Mount VESA FDMI (100×100mm)

Other Features Backlight Life 50,000 hours (minimum) Operating Temperature 5-35 °C, Humidity -70 PH

RF Monochrome Monitor Color Monitor

Max. Luminance 700cd / m2 300cd / m2

Contrast Ratio 1000 : 1 500 : 1

Viewing Angle 170°(H) 170°(V) 140°(H), 120°(V)

90°

35°

RF 2-Mega pixelMonochrome Monitor

RegularColor Monitor



Computer

Bracket & Stand

Upright Radiography StandThe balancer assists the easier positioning of the sensor.

[Specifications]Dimension (W x H x D): 600 x 2000 x 800 (mm) / 23.62 x 78.74 x 31.50 (inch)

Protective CoverThe protective cover fits around the sensor to make the x-ray table flat.

[Specifications]

CenterpieceDimension (W x H x D): 761 x 62 x 590 (mm) / 29.96 x 2.44 x 23.22 (inch)

Extension (Large)Dimension (W x H x D): 225 x 62 x 590 (mm) / 8.86 x 2.44 x 23.22 (inch)

Extension (Small)Dimension (W x H x D): 125 x 62 x 590 (mm) / 4.92 x 2.44 x 23.22 (inch)

End pieceDimension (W x H x D): 75 x 62 x 590 (mm) / 2.95 x 2.44 x 23.22 (inch)

Acrylic Table Top Cover, SD-400The acrylic cover fits on the x-ray table with the sliding tray for NAOMI.

* Acrylic table top cover is custom-made to fit your x-ray table.

Bracket forUpright Bucky StandThe bracket fits over the bucky cabinet of your existing upright stand.

[Specifications]Dimension (W x H x D): 450 x 613 x 90 (mm) / 17.72 x 24.13 x 3.54 (inch)

Desktop Computer

[Specifications]Windows XP Professional17 inch LCD monitorWeight: 10.4 kg / 22.93 lbsMemory: 2GBDVD/CD-RW Drive

Laptop Computer

[Specifications]Windows XP Professional14.1 inch LCD MonitorWeight: 2.42 kg / 5.33 lbsMemory: 2GBDVD/CD-RW Drive







XX--ray digital image technologyray digital image technology

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ทนททเรมกดถาย x-ray

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และเกบสาเนาในความจาของและเกบสาเนาในความจาของคอมพวเตอรหลกคอมพวเตอรหลกy คอมพวเตอรหลกคอมพวเตอรหลก

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Distributed

by:10531 Humbolt St.

Los Alamitos, CA, 90720 USA

Ph. 562-430-8779 Fax 562-430-8769














Imaging Solutions for Veterinary MedicineVisbion VPACS is a powerful solution for the storage, reporting and review of patient images within veterinary medicine. Thesystem provides veterinary practitioners with access to complete patient records, including reports and historical images twentyfour hours a day, seven days a week. Access can be enabled both on-site and from remote locations. At the heart of VPACSis an integrated patient-centric record that allows veterinary practitioners to care for patients in a way that has not previouslybeen available.

Through VPACS, practices can integrate all imaging devices so that images can be stored and viewed side-by-sideindependent of the original device. The system ensures that all images are available on-line – there is no longer a need toarchive images on CD.

Visbion VPACS is available either as a dedicated on-site server, known as Image Archive, or as a fully hosted internet basedsolution, known as Image World. Image World allows practices to take full advantage of image management solutions using asimple monthly subscription model, whereas Image Archive provides a fast dedicated on-site server for very busy practices.Regardless of your preferred choice, the actual software, features and functionality are identical. Both systems use Image Webto review images in full diagnostic quality, and both can be expanded with tools such as Image Viewer and Image Importer.

Image Archive

• Powerful, centralised server designed to hold allpatient images eliminating the need for CD storage.

• Images can be sent directly from modern imagingdevices (eg. DR, CR, Ultrasound Scintigraphy,MRI, CT).

• Uses standard hardware for image storage whichcan easily be expanded as imaging volume increases.

• Is scalable from small, single site practices up tolarge multi-site facilities.

• Can be integrated with existing practicemanagement systems.

• Has the ability to import images from legacy systemsor from referrals from other practices.

Image Web

• Access to diagnostic quality images and reportsusing Internet Explorer from any standard PCattached to the practice network.

• Comprehensive set of tools included to facilitatecomplex manipulation of diagnostic quality images.

• Ability to remotely view images from home using astandard PC with Internet Explorer.

• Runs on the latest Windows operating systemsincluding Windows Vista.

Image Importer• Conversion of analogue and digital video images

captured from any imaging device to the DICOMstandard for use and storage in VPACS.

• Enables images to be imported into VPACS fromold devices without network ports.

• Film from external patient referrals can be importedinto VPACS to create a standard digital imagewhich can then be manipulated using Image Web orImage Viewer.

Image World

• Fully hosted internet based version of the VisbionImage Archive.

• Accessible via web browser from anywhere usingImage Web.

• Fully compatible with all solution add-ons such asImage Viewer and Image Importer.

• Dual secure data centres with automatic backup andfail-over.

• No need to invest in your own server eliminating theassociated capital expenditure.

• Simple, predictable pay-as-you-go model withstraightforward upgrade path.

• Ruggedised data upload equipment for mobile imageacquisition.

Image Viewer

• Diagnostic quality images can be viewed,

manipulated and annotated from any diagnostic

workstation.

• Ability to view historical patient images alongside the

latest exams.

• Comprehensive tools for image manipulation ranging

from window levelling, image orientation and

magnification up to full curved multi-planar reformatting

of 3D data sets.

• Complete range of functionality is available to facilitate

diagnostic viewing , including full 3D tools and

orthopaedic templating.

• Transcription and voice recognition available to help

with flexible and efficient image reporting.


NAOMI SYSTEM User Guide

This document includes the important information to ensure the safe usage of the item. Before to start using, read through this User Guide and safety information carefully. The images are not shown to scale on this User Guide. The external appearance and specifications may vary and may be changed without prior notice.

Direct Digital Radiography CCD Imaging Sensor

FDA 510(k) Number k062376


1. IntroductionPrecautions for Safe UsePackaged ItemsFeaturesSetup the NAOMI Sensor

2. InstallInstall the NAOMI Driver (XP / 2000) ······························································· Installation 01-06Install the NAOMI Driver (Vista) ······································································ Installation 07-10Install the NAOMI Imaging Software ····························································· Installation 11-14Copy the NAOMI Imaging Data ····································································· Installation 15-20

3. Operation CheckOperation Check ···················································································Operation Check 01Setup the NAOMI Sensor ·····································································Operation Check 02Set the Irradiation Area ·········································································Operation Check 03Set the Calibration Scale ······································································Operation Check 04Set the X-Ray Exposure Technique ······················································Operation Check 04Start the NAOMI Software ····································································Operation Check 05Capture the X-Ray Image of the Calibration Scale ·······························Operation Check 05Confirm if the Calibration is Necessary ················································Operation Check 06Ready to Use ························································································Operation Check 07

4. SoftwareNAOMI Software······························································································· Software 01Capture / Manipulation Mode ··········································································· Software 02Menu Bar Icons ································································································ Software 03Patient Information Mode ················································································· Software 04Before to Start...································································································ Software 05-07How to Capture X-Ray Images ········································································· Software 08-12Zoom In / Out on the X-Ray Images ································································· Software 13Move the Image ································································································ Software 14Adjust the Brightness / Contrast ······································································· Software 15How to Adjust the X-Ray Images ······································································ Software 16-17Adjust Gamma Setting ······················································································ Software 18How to Save the Adjusted Image ····································································· Software 19How to Save as a Different File Format ···························································· Software 20How to Open the Saved Image········································································· Software 21How to Close the Selected Image ···································································· Software 22How to Print the Selected Image ······································································ Software 23

User Guide IndexX-ray Digital Image Sensor

How to Reverse Negative / Positive·································································· Software 24How to Invert the Selected Image ···································································· Software 25How to Rotate the Selected Image ··································································· Software 26How to Change the Sharpness ········································································· Software 27How to Change the Sensor Area Setting ·························································· Software 28How to Display One Image on Screen ····························································· Software 29How to Display Two Images on Screen ···························································· Software 30How to Display Four Images on Screen ··························································· Software 31How to Open / Close Annotation Window ························································ Software 32Annotation Menu ······························································································ Software 33

• Pan Window (Navigation Window) ································································· Software 34• Draw a Straight Line / Arrow / Polyline ······················································· Software 35-36• Draw a Shape ····························································································· Software 37-38• Draw a Curved Line / Shape ······································································ Software 39-40• Insert the Text or Note ················································································ Software 41• Measure the Length ···················································································· Software 42• Measure the Angle ····················································································· Software 43• Select the Annotation Object ······································································ Software 44

How to Change the Setting ··············································································· Software 45-48How to Close the NAOMI Software ·································································· Software 49

5. CalibrationCalibration ····································································································· Calibration 01Pre-Check(Automated Sensitivity Control) ·························································· Calibration 02-07Positioning Calibration ··················································································· Calibration 08-12Luminance Calibration ··················································································· Calibration 13-17

6. TroubleShooting Guide

7. Customer SupportDaily MaintenanceSafety CheckRF Technical SupportTechnical Support Request FormSpecifications

8. AppendixTechnical Indication Chart for NAOMIIrradiation Condition Chart for Calibration


Precautions for Safe Use

Prohibition

Do not put a finger into connectors or jacks.It may cause injuries, an electrical shock, or damages to the product.

Prohibition

Handle the product with caution, and avoid the followings.• Drop the product.• High impact to the product.• Force to projection on the product.

Prohibition

Avoid installation or storage of the product in the following places.• Temperature less than 55 degree Fahrenheit (15 degree Celsius) or more than

95 degree Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius).• Under direct sunlight.• Places where water splashes.• Environment with 30%RH or less in humidity, or 70%RH or more in humidity.• Environment with a sudden and extreme temperature change, or

condensation.• Near heat generating units (stove, heater, etc.).• Dusty location.• Places with strong vibration, or unstable ground.

Prohibition

Dismantling Prohibited• Do not dismantle or modify the product.• Do not open the case. It is dangerous to touch the inside of the case, and may

cause damages. If the product case is opened, the product warranty will be voided regardless of warranty term.

Warning

Turn off the power immediately and discontinue the use of the product if there is smoke, strange smell or sound. Disconnect the power cable from the power outlet.It may cause a fire and/or damages to the product if the product is continuously used.

Warning

Turn off the power immediately and discontinue the use of the product if liquid or any other material make contacts with the inside of the main product case. Disconnect the power cable from the power outlet immediately.It may cause a fire and/or damages to the product if the product is continuously used.

Warning

Follow the instruction below to install and disinstallation.• Follow the enclosed user manual.• Turn off the power and unplug the power cable from the power outlet.


Precautions for Safe Use

Warning

It may malfunction if the product is placed and operated near a machine, which generates a strong electromagnetic radiation. Move the product away from such equipment at least one meter (three feet).

Warning

Use the included or recommended accessories with the product.If anything other than the included or recommended accessories are used, it may cause damages and/or malfunctioning.

Warning

Use the included AC Adapter only.It may cause a electrical shock and/or damages to the product with any different AC Adapter.• Connect the power cable to AC100-240V power source only.• To unplug the power cable, pull out from the plug, not from its cord.

It may cause a fire and/or an electrical shock from disconnection and short on the power cable if it is pulled from its cord.

• Do not forcefully twist or bend the power cable. • Do not put heavy weights onto the cable.• Do not use any damaged power cable.• Do not touch the power cable and AC Adapter with a wet hand.

It may cause electrical shock.

Warning

Use appropriate power source for the product, which is 100-240 V, 1.5A, 47-63Hz. Any inappropriate power source may cause a fire and/or damages to the product.

Warning

Use a soft cloth to wipe the product. Do not use the thinner, benzenes, or any harsh chemicals. They may damage the surface of the product.Wipe with a damp cloth with diluted mild detergent and dry the product with a cloth.Wipe with a damp cloth with diluted mild detergent and dry the product with a cloth.

Unplug

Turn off the power of the product by unplugging the power cable from the outlet if it is not being used for a long time.

NoteThis product captures images of radiation penetration with the equipped CCD sensors. It digitally processes and displays images to the monitor. The purpose of this product is to assist diagnosis and utilize the captured images as an explanation tool to patients.


Packaged Items

Please make sure the following items are included in the package. If any items are missing, please contact us.

Sensor (x1) Calibration Scale (x1) Scale Pins (x4)

AC Adapter (x1) Power Cable (x1) USB Cable (5m) (x1)

System Application/System Driver CD-ROM (x1)

Data CD-ROM (x1) Cable Clip (x4)


Features

Main Unit

Area Target for Irradiation

Status Lamps

Power Lamp (Green - Orange)

USB Lamp (Red)

Stand-By Lamp (Green)

Complete Lamp (Yellow)

X-RayCapture Button

8" x 10" Size Area

11" x 14" Size Area14" x 17" Size Area

DC-In Jack:Connect the AC Adapter for power supply.

USB Port:Connect the USB Cable.


CHECK THE STATUS LAMPS ON THE SENSOR. They indicate proper cable connections.

When you connect Power Cable properly, Power Lamp on the sensor illuminates in GREEN.

When you connect USB Cable properly, USB Lamp on the sensor illuminates in RED.

If the NAOMI driver and/or software are not installed in your computer, refer to the Installation Section (Install 01-10, for Driver Installation ; Install-11-20, for Software Installation).

Refer to the upright stand (or upright stand bracket) installation guide for the upright position setting.

Make sure to turn off the photo timer, electricity bucky equipment, or any other equipment close to the NAOMI unit. The strong magnetic field may cause the malfunctioning on the image capturing process.

Setup the NAOMI SensorPlace the sensor.Plug in AC Adapter, Power Cable, and connect USB Cable.


Install - 01

Install the NAOMI System

Follow the next three steps to install the NAOMI Driver and Imaging Software prior to use NAOMI with your computer.

Install the NAOMI Imaging Software

Copy the NAOMI Imaging Data

Install the NAOMI Driver1STEP

2STEP

3STEP


Install - 02

Install the NAOMI Driver1STEP

Prior to use the NAOMI sensor, the NAOMI driver must be installed to your computer. Without installing the driver information to your computer, the NAOMI sensor will not work properly.

Confirm the NAOMI system is properly connected. Follow the instruction below to setup the sensor to your computer.(Refer to Page Operation Check-02 for more details on the setup process.)

1. Place the NAOMI sensor where you usually set your film cassette.2. Connect the AC adapter to the power outlet and to the NAOMI sensor.3. Connect the USB cable to the NAOMI sensor and to your computer.


Install - 03

Install Driver (XP / 2000)

1. After connecting the USB cable to the NAOMI sensor and the computer's USB port, the message,

“Found New Hardware USB Device”, appears on the right bottom corner of the computer monitor.

Click on the message to star t the installation process.

2. Af ter a few seconds, “Found New Hardware Wizard” appears.

Insert NAOMI System Application/NAOMI Driver CD-ROM to the CD-ROM drive of the computer.

Windows 2000 or XP


Install - 04


3. The wizard asks “Can windows connect to w indows update to search fo r software?”.

Select “No, not this time” and click

4. Select “Install from a list or specific location [Advanced]” and click

5. Select “Search for the best driver in these locations.”

Check “Search removable media,” and

click


Install - 05

7. If Hardware Installat ion window is displayed and shows “NAOMI Driver 2007/07/09 has not passed windows Logo testing...”,

click

The installation process continues.


6. The wizard starts the installation process of the NAOMI driver automatically.

8. The NAOMI dr iver insta l lat ion is completed.

Click


Install - 06


9. After a few seconds, the message, “Found New Hardware Your new hardware is installed and ready to use.” appears on the right bottom of the computer monitor. The NAOMI driver is installed successfully.

The driver installation process for Windows XP / 2000 is completed. Proceed to install the NAOMI imaging software. (Install - 11)


Install - 07

Install Driver (Vista)

1. After connecting the USB cable to the NAOMI sensor and the computer’s USB port, the menu, “Found New Hardware,” shows up on the middle of the desktop menu.

Click “Locate and install driver software (recommended)” to start the installation process.

If the window “Found New Hardware” cannot be

found on the desktop, minimize other windows. Or, click “Found New Hardware” on the task bar.

2. Click “Browse my computer for driver software (advanced)”.

Windows Vista

3. Insert NAOMI System Application/NAOMI Driver CD-ROM to the CD-ROM drive of the computer.


Install - 08


4. In order to locate the driver software, click “Browse…”

5. “Browse For Folder” menu shows up. Click “ ” next to “Computer”, click “ ” next to “DVD/CD-RW Drive (D:)” and select “driver” folder. Then, click

.

6. Make sure that the search location is set as “D:/driver”. Click .


Install - 09

8. When Windows Security menu shows up, click “Install this driver software anyway”.


7. Wait for the computer to search the driver software.

9. The installation process continues.


Install - 10


10. The NAOMI dr iver installat ion is completed.

Click .

The installation process for Windows Vista is completed.

11. After a few seconds, the message, “Device dr iver sof tware instal led successfully” appears on the right bottom of the computer screen. The NAOMI dr iver has been installed successfully.


Install - 11

1. Insert System Application and System Driver CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive on your computer.

2. Af ter a few seconds, the CD-ROM window will automatically appear.

If the above window does not appear automatically, double click the CD-ROM drive from My Computer.

Install the NAOMI Imaging Software2STEP

This process is to install the NAOMI software into a computer for the first time.


Install - 12

3. Double click the naomi.international folder to open.

4. Double click Setup.exe to start the installation process.

When double-clicking on “Setup.exe” on a computer with Windows Vista, “User Account Control” wizard may show up, stating “An unidentified program wants access to your computer.” Click “Allow: I trust this program. I know where it’s from or I’ve used it before” to start the installation.

5 . T h e c o m p u te r p r e p a r e s f o r t h e installation process.

Install Software

If your computer is Windows 2000, right click on Setup_Int.msi and select "install" to start the installation process.


Install - 13

Install Software

6. NAOMI Setup Wizard automatically opens. The wizard wi l l guide you through the steps to install NAOMI on your computer.

Click

7. Click unless you need to change the folder to install NAOMI.

This manual shows you how to install NAOMI to C:/Program Files/RF/NAOMI(default setting).

Record the location that NAOMI is installed in this process. You may need to access the location later.

8. Click to start the installation.


Install - 14

9. Wait until the NAOMI software installation is completed.

It may take few minutes to complete.

10. “Installation Complete” appears, after the NAOMI Software has been installed to your computer successfully.

Click to exit.

The NAOMI icon will be displayed on the desktop.

Install Software


Install - 15

1. Click Start and go to My Computer.

Copy the NAOMI Imaging Data

2. Double click Local Disc (C:) on My Computer.

3STEP

In this process, you are to copy the NAOMI imaging data to your computer. The imaging data controls the proper image capturing on the NAOMI sensor.

Prior to use the NAOMI sensor, the NAOMI imaging data must be copied to your computer. The NAOMI sensor cannot capture digital images properly without the imaging data.

If you change the software location in the installation process, open the NAOMI folder and follow the process from #6.

It is not necessary to copy the imaging data when the NAOMI software is re-installed, as the data remains stored in the map folder.

Follow this instruction to copy the imaging data when RF customer support instructs to do so or the NAOMI software is installed for the first time.


Install - 16

3. Double click Program Files to open.

Copy Data

The window may show "These files are hidden."Click "Show the contents of this folder".

The window may show "These files are hidden."Click "Show the contents of this folder".


Install - 17

Copy Data

4. Double click the RF folder to open.

5. Double click the NAOMI folder (or NAOMI_ II folder) to open.

6. Double click the map folder to open.


Install - 18

7. I n s e r t D a t a CD - RO M i n t o yo u r computer's CD-ROM drive. The window automatically appears in a few seconds.

Copy Data

If there are any files in this folder, delete all files.The map folder must not contain any files before proceeding to the next step. This is where the new files are copied to in the next step.

If the above window does not appear automatically, double click the CD-ROM drive on My Computer.


Install - 19

Copy Data

8. There are three files in the CD-ROM. Use the mouse to select all three files.

All three files must be selected.

9. Copy all three files. (Or, you may copy the files by right-

clicking on the mouse and select “Copy”.)

10. Paste three files on the map folder. (Or, you may paste the files by right-

clicking on the mouse and select “Paste”. Or click and drag the files into the map folder.)


Install - 20

12. After the copying process finishes, make sure there are three files in the map folder.

Right click on each copied file and

select properties. Confirm the “Read-only“ checkbox is

unchecked.

Close “map” window to finish.

Copy Data

11. Copying process starts.

Copying the NAOMI imaging data has been finished.The installation has been completed.

If the NAOMI system or software does not work or an image does not appear after capturing, please go through this manual again. Make sure you have followed every step properly on installation process. If the problem remains unsolved, contact RF Technical Support.


01Operation Check -

Operation CheckBefore to start using the NAOMI system, follow the instruction on this chapter to check the operation of the sensor.

Prior to the shipment, the system has been tested and both positioning and luminance calibrations has been performed for immediate use on its arrival. However, in rare cases, the calibration may be necessary to be processed. (The calibration is the process to correct misalignment and contrast unevenness on each CCD sensor in NAOMI. Refer to Calibration section for details)

If there is a problem during the operation, refer to Troubleshooting Guide section or contact RF Technical Support.

This section includes...STEP

Setup the NAOMI Sensor1

STEP

Set the Irradiation Area2

STEP

Set the Calibration Scale3

STEP

Set the X-Ray Exposure Technique4

STEP

Start the NAOMI Software5

STEP

Capture the X-Ray Image of the Calibration Scale6

STEP

Confirm if the Calibration is Necessary7


02Operation Check -

Setup the NAOMI Sensor1STEP

CHECK THE STATUS LAMPSON THE SENSOR.They indicate proper cable connections.

Confirm the status lamps are on.Power Cable : GreenUSB Cable : Red

If the NAOMI software and/or driver are not installed in your computer, refer to the Installation section (Driver: Installation 01-10, Software: Installation 11-20)

Refer to the upright stand (or upright stand bracket) installation guide for the upright position setting.

Turn off the photo timer, electric bucky equipment, or any other equipment close to the NAOMI unit. The strong magnetic field may cause the malfunctioning.

Place the sensor.Plug in AC Adapter, Power Cable, and connect USB Cable.


03Operation Check -

Set the Irradiation Area2STEP

Set the irradiation area larger than the sensor area.

If your irradiation area cannot cover the whole sensor, refer to Sensor Area Question in Troubleshooting Guide to change the active sensor area.

Raise the x-ray tube to approximately 100cm (39 inch) in order to set the irradiation area wide enough to cover the whole sensor.

Irradiation Area

INCORRECTThe irradiation area is not covering the whole sensor.

CORRECTThe ir radiat ion area is covering the whole sensor.


04Operation Check -

Set the Calibration Scale3STEP

Align to the Left

Set the X-Ray Exposure Technique4STEP

NAOMI Sensor

Set Calibration Scale on the NAOMI sensor securely with Scale Pins.

DO NOT HOLD CALIBRATION SCALE BY EDGES. Calibration Scale contains very sharp edges, and it may cause serious injuries. Handle Calibration Scale with special care. In the case of the injuries caused by Calibaration Scale, RF would not assume any responsibility.

Place Calibration Scale on the sensor with the NAOMI and RF SYTEM lab's logos facing up. Secure Calibration Scale with Scale Pins.

Align Calibration Scale to the far left side of the NAOMI sensor, so that the NAOMI sensor detects Calibration Scale properly.

Calibration Scale

Scale Pin

Set the x-ray machine to the following technique*:

Tube Distance 100cm / 39-inchTube Voltage 52kvpIrradiation Strength 5mAs

•Recommended Tube Current : 100mA•Recommended Exposure Time : 1/20 sec. (0.05sec. / 6 pulse) The above equals to 5mAs.*The technique value may vary depending on the x-ray machine or its tube distance.


05Operation Check -

Start the NAOMI Software5STEP

Capture the X-Ray Image of the Calibration Scale6STEP

1. Double click the NAOMI icon on the desktop.

2. The software starts automatically. If the NAOMI imaging software has not been

previously installed, refer to Software Installation section.

(Install 11 - 14)3. Click on the main (black) window, the Menu icons

appears on the tool bar.

1. Click the camera icon to prepare the software and the sensor for the exposure.

2. Type in ID. Click Single.

Refer to "How to Capture X-Ray Images". (Software 08-11)

3. The message "Please irradiate X-ray" appears to indicate that it is ready for the irradiation.

Irradiate x-ray.

Shoot the x-ray within one minute.

The image of Calibration Scale will be downloaded and displayed on the screen.

The software starts the count down once the message appears on the screen. It will alert that the time is running out. It alerts 10 seconds remaining, 5 seconds remaining and when it is timed out.


06Operation Check -

If your image is...

Each dot is aligned with each other.

Each block of dots is even in contrast.

Confirm if the Calibration is Necessary

Enlarged View

If your image is...



Enlarged View

If your image is...



Enlarged View Your sensor is ready to use.

7STEP

After the image is displayed, confirm if the calibration is necessary, by comparing the image on the screen with three example images below. If the calibration process seems to be needed, refer to the Calibration section.

The dots are overlapping with each other in at least one area of the image.

The image contrast is not even.

The image does not have any overlapped dots or uneven contrast.


07Operation Check -

Ready to Use


Keep the calibration scale and the scale pins available.They are necessary for the calibration process.

Now, it is ready to use.

If the displayed image looks like in the previous page, your sensor is ready to use.Remove the calibration scale prior to start using the sensor.

REMOVE CALIBRATION SCALE.



01Software -

NAOMI Software

Start the NAOMI software.

Double c l ick the NAOMI icon on the desktop to start the NAOMI software.

If there is no NAOMI icon on the desktop, instal l the NAOMI sof tware. Refer to Software Installation section.(Installation 11 - 14).

NAOMI software contains two different management modes.

A Capture / Manipulation Mode (Refer to Software - 02 - 03)

B Patient Information Mode (Refer to Software - 04)

Operation System Memory MonitorWindows2000 / XP / Vista 1GB (2GB or more recommended) XGA Size (1024 x 768) (recommended)CPU Hard Disk Drive PeripheralIntel Celeron 1GHz 80GB Memory USB 2.0 Port x 1, CD-ROM Drive x 1

NAOMI Requirement for Computer


02Software -

Capture / Manipulation Mode

Click the image screen area to change to Capture / Manipulation Mode.

Patient Data Menushows the pat ient 's i n f o r m a t i o n o f t h e selected image.

Orange Frame indicates the image is selected.

Software Version

Histogram Windowshows the data of the selected image.The bar under the graph showswidth and level of the adjustment setting.

Menu Bar Refer to Menu Bar Icons.(Page : Software-03)

Patient Data Image Screen Image DataTechnique

Ruler in Centimeter.Each scale is 1cm.

By pressing F11

key on the keyboard, display or hide the green imprints (Patient's Data, Irradiation Technique, and Image Data Information) on the image screen area.

Image Data InformationFit, Mag: 100X ------------- Magnification ScaleW: 1083 L : 3315 ---------- Image Data(Width = Contrast) (Level = Brightness)

DFOV: 48.4 x 57.9 -------- Display Field of View


03Software -

Capture Icon : Prepare the sensor and the computer for the x-ray irradiation and for a digital x-ray image capture.

Open Icon : Open the saved image.

Save As Icon : Save the selected image as a different file format.

Update Icon : Update (Save) the change of the adjustment in brightness, contrast, and gamma correction.

Close Icon : Close the selected image from the computer monitor.

Print Icon : Print out the selected image.

Negative/Positive Change Over Icon : Reverse negative and positive.

Reflection Icon (Horizontal) : Invert the selected image horizontally.

Reflection Icon (Vertical) : Invert the selected image vertically.

Rotation Icon (Clockwise) : Rotate the selected image clockwise in every 90 degrees.

Rotation Icon (Counterclockwise) : Rotate the selected image counterclockwise in every 90 degrees.

Sharpness Icon : Sharpen the selected image.

14 x 17 Icon : Set the sensor active area to 14" x 17". (Not available for 11" x 14" sized sensor)

11 x 14 Icon : Set the sensor active area to 11" x 14".

8 x 10 Icon : Set the sensor active area to 8" x 10".

Single Window Icon : Display one image.

Double Window Icon (Vertical) : Display two images vertically.

Double Window Icon (Horizontal) : Display two images horizontally.

Quarter Window Icon : Display up to four images on one window.

3x3 Window Icon : Display up to nine images on one window.

4x4 Window Icon : Display up to sixteen images on one window.

Annotation Icon : Open the annotation menu.

Setup Icon : Open the setup menu to change the NAOMI system's configuration.

Exit Icon : Close the NAOMI software.

Menu Bar Icons (in Capture / Manipulation Mode)X-ray Digital Image Sensor

04Software -

Patient Information Mode

Click the Patient Data Menu area to change to Patient Information Mode.

Menu Bar in Patient Information Mode

Patient Data Menu

By pressing F11

key on the keyboard, display or hide the green imprints (Patient's Data, Irradiation Technique and Image Data Information) on the image screen area.


05Software -

Confirm the file storage location.This is to check where the captured images are automatically saved into so that the x-ray images can be managed easily.(Refer to Software-06 for details)

Customize the file storage location.This is to change where the captured images are automatically saved. If you already have a filing structure in the computer system you would like to use, you may select a folder in your computer to maintain the image files effectively.(Refer to Software-07 for details)

Enter the institution (clinic) name.The institution (clinic) name, department and address can be entered into the software so that the institution information can be imprinted on the image.(Refer to Software-48 for details)

Setup the DICOM printer.You may establish the in-office network with a DICOM printer to print out the captured image from the NAOMI software. The IP address must be obtained to set up the connection with a DICOM printer.(Refer to Software-48 for details)

A

B

C

D

Before to Start

This section explains the preparation in order to use the software more effectively. Please refer to the following instruction to set up your software before using the NAOMI system.


06Software -

2. Setup Menu is displayed.

Select the General tab.

Check under "File". The folder's location is displayed next to the "Folder" button.

Before to Start...

To check the folder's location

1. Click the Setup icon.

The image is automatically saved in the folder, which is selected in Setup Menu. It is necessary to set the location for the captured images to be automatically stored prior to use.

The recommended file type is DICOM, because all patient information is stored with the image, and there is more pixel capacity on the image compared to other file types.

The default location for images to be stored automatically, is set as "C:/Program Files/RF/NAOMI/data."*

(To access this folder, go to My Computer, Local Disk C Drive, Program Files, RF folder, and then NAOMI folder. )

*This is only applicable to the NAOMI software, when it was installed to the default location during the installation process. If the NAOMI software was installed in a different location, the above does not apply.

The folder's name: where the image is automatically stored.

File format type.


07Software -

2. The open window appears. Select the folder, where you wish to save

images.

I would like to save images into "My

X-rays" folder, which I have created in My Documents.

Step 1 Select My Documents Step 2 Select My X-rays folder. Step 3 Click Open.

Before to Start...

1. Click the "Folder" button.

3. The selected folder 's name will be displayed.

Click Apply and OK.

To change the folder's location


08Software -

How to Capture X-Ray Images

1. Click the Camera icon on the menu bar.

[Patient Name and Gender]Type in a patient name and/or select a gender if necessary.The information will be imprinted on the image.

2. Select / Register ID menu shows up. Type in ID, or select from the list by

clicking the arrow next to ID. The folder will be named the same as ID, and

created in the location you have selected in Setup Menu. ID can be anything such as a carte number, a patient's name or a social security number.

The Capture button (Single and Series buttons) does not become available without the ID number.

Capture Mode


09Software -


[Age, Birth Date, and Sensor Area]

Age & Birth DateUncheck when the birth date is not necessary.

Sensor AreaSelect the collimated sensor area size.

[Position and Anatomy]Select the anatomy and position from the list if necessary. When selected, the information will be imprinted on the image.

When selected, the anatomy will be added to the file name.

The file name of the image you captured at 11:00 on November 19, 2007 will be following:

without the anatomy information20071119110000.dcm

with the anatomy information20071119110000-CSPINE.dcm (by selecting “CSPINE”)

The l i s t o f t he Pos i t i on and A natomy information can be customized. Click directly on “Position” or “Anatomy”, the list will open as a text data. Add and/or delete the item(s) as necessary.


10Software -


[Tech. Chart]Remove the checkmark on “Exposure in mAs”, to input the “mA” and “second” values.

“Tech. chart” button is displayed when the “Tech. chart” is selected “Yes” in Setup Menu. (Refer to Software-47 to display or to hide the “Tech. chart” button.)

Select the exposure settings from the chart.And click “OK” to close the chart window.

3. Click “Single” or “Ser ies” to star t capturing an image.

“Single”: Capture one image.

“Series”: Capture the series of x-ray images for the displayed patient. Each time the capturing finishes, this menu window will be displayed with the same patient information.


11Software -


4. The message, "Please irradiate x-ray" appears.

Irradiate x-ray.

Shoot x-ray within one minute after the message is displayed.


5. Once you shoot the x-ray, the image will be automatically downloaded.

6. The x-ray image will be displayed.


12Software -

2. The message, "Please irradiate X-Ray" appears.

Irradiate x-ray.

Shoot x-ray within one minute after the

message is displayed.

1. Press X-Ray Capture Button on the NAOMI sensor.

3. The x-ray image will be automatically downloaded and displayed on the screen.

ID, the patient information, and the Tech.

chart information will not be included if the x-ray image is captured by X-Ray Capture Button.

withX-Ray Capture Botton

X-Ray Capture Button




13Software -

Zoom In / Out on the X-Ray Images

Zoom In

Select the image.Press the scroll button and drag DOWN to zoom in.

Zoom In

Scroll Wheel

You can zoom in by pressing key ( key + key for laptop) on the keyboard.You can go back to x100 view by doubleclicking the right button.

Zoom Out

Select the image.Press the scroll button and drag UP to zoom out.

Zoom Out

Scroll Wheel

You can zoom out by pressing key ( key + key for laptop) on the keyboard.You can go back to x100 view by doubleclicking the right button.

Press Down

Press Down

Once the cursor changes to Pointer until is released. While the cursor becomes you can the image.

CURSOR Magnifying GlassPointer

CURSOR

ReleasePress Down


14Software -

Move the ImageSelect the image.Click LEFT and drag the mouse to move the image.Move the Image

Once the left button is clicked, the cursor changes to 4 Directional Pointer until the left button is released. While the cursor becomes 4 Directional Pointer, you can move the image.

Up

Down

RightLeft

Click

CURSOR 4 DirectionalPointer

CURSOR

Release

Click and Drag

4X-ray Digital Image Sensor

15Software -

Adjust the Brightness / ContrastSelect the image.Click RIGHT and drag the mouse to adjust brightness and contrast.

Brightness / Contrast

Brightness Up

ContrastUp

CURSOR Image AdjustmentPointer

CURSOR

ReleaseClick

ContrastDown

ContrastUp

BrightnessDown

BrightnessUp

*The number and the histogram of level changes as you change the brightness.

*The number and the histogram of width changes as you change the contrast.

Brightness Down

ContrastDown

Brightness

Contrast

5

Once the right button is clicked, the cursor changes to Image Adjustment Pointer until the right button is released.

Click and Drag


16Software -

Original (Original Adjustment )

Click "Original" to go back to the adjustment setting, which has been previously saved on the image file.

(Refer to Software-19)

One-Click Image Adjustment

How to Adjust the X-Ray Images

Auto (Automatic Adjustment )

Click "Auto" under Histogram.It automatically optimizes the brightness, contrast, and gamma-correction of the selected image.

Reset (Resetting Adjustment )

Once clicking on "Reset", the adjustment setting will return to the raw data image. (Originally captured image)


17Software -

Opt 1 (Customized Adjustment )

1. Click "Opt 1" (Option 1), "Opt 2" (Option 2), or "Opt 3" (Option 3) button.

2. Change the brightness and contrast by right-clicking the mouse and/or the gamma-correction by scrolling the scroll wheel.

Preset Function

Once you save the adjustment setting to the option button, you can recall the same adjustment condition by clicking the same option button for any displayed images.

You can save the adjustment condition focusing more for abdomen on Option 1, chest on Option 2, and spine on Option 3.

3. Click "Save Opt (option)" button to save the adjustment you have made to the displayed image.

OPTION 1

OPTION 2

How to Adjust the X-Ray Images


18Software -

Select the image.Scroll the wheel UP or DOWN to adjust the gamma-setting of the image

Gamma-Correction

Scroll up Darker

Scroll down Brighter

*The curve of the histogram changes to indicate gamma-correction adjustment.

7 Adjust Gamma Setting

Brighter

Darker


19Software -

How to Save the Adjusted Image

You can update the original data by clicking "Update Icon" on the menu-bar as well. It saves the changes in the contrast, brightness, and gamma-correction.

Use caution to update your data.If the image data is saved in other than DICOM file format, the original image data will be erased and overwritten with the adjusted image data by the Update icon. If the image data is saved as DICOM file format, the original data is stored with the adjusted data, so it will not be overwritten.

Update Icon

8Once you find out the appropriate image adjustment for your clinical application, save it for the future review. DICOM image can save its adjustment setting.


20Software -

How to Save as a Different File Format

2. "Save a File" window appears. Type in the file name. Select the file type, BPP (bit per pixel), Sub Type

(compression type) and QFacter (recommended as 2) as you need.

You can save as: DICOM, BMP(bitmap), JPEG, PNG, GIF

Save As Icon

1. Select the image you wish to save as a different file format.

The selected image is highlighted in

orange.

3. Click to save the selected images with the selected file format.


21Software -

How to Open the Saved Image

2. "Open" window appears. Select the file you wish to open.

You can select one or more images.

The following files can be opened with

NAOMI software: DICOM, BMP(bitmap), JPEG, PNG, GIF

Open Icon

1. Click the Open icon.

You may check the automatically saved

file location on the Setup Menu. (Refer to page Software - 06)

3. Click to open the saved images.


22Software -

How to Close the Selected Image

2. The selected image is now closed.

To reopen the file, refer to "How to Open

the Saved Image" (Page: Software - 21).

Close Icon

1. Select the image you wish to close. Click the Close icon.


orange.


23Software -

How to Print the Selected Image

2. The Print window appears. Select the information type to be printed.

All: It prints all of the client information.

w/o Client Info:It prints the information other than the client's information.(The client information includes client's ID, client's name and gender.)

None: It does not print any information. It only prints the image you have selected.

Click .

Print Icon

1. Select the image you wish to print. Click the Print icon.


orange.

3. The Print window appears. Select the printer you wish to use. Click .


24Software -

How to Reverse Negative / Positive

2. Each time you click the Negative / Positive Change Over icon, it switches between Negative and Positive on the image.

1. Select the image you wish to reverse negative / positive.

Click the Negative / Positive Change Over icon.


orange.

Negative / Positive Change Over Icon

Negative

Positive


25Software -

How to Invert the Selected Image

2. Each time you click the Reflection icon (Horizontal), it switches its direction horizontally.

1. Select the image you wish to change its direction.

Click the Reflection icon (Horizontal).


orange.

Reflection Icon (Horizontal)

14

To change vertically, press the Reflection

icon (vertical)


26Software -

How to Rotate the Selected Image

2. Each time you click the Rotation icon (Clockwise), it rotates the image clockwise in every 90 degrees.

1. Select the image you wish to rotate in clockwise direction.

Click the Rotation icon (Clockwise).


orange.

Rotation Icon (Clockwise)

ClockwiseEvery 90degrees

15

The image can be rotated counterclockwise by pressing Rotation Icon (counterclockwise)


27Software -

How to Change the Sharpness

1. Select the image you wish to change its sharpness.

Click the Sharpness icon.


orange.

Sharpness Icon

2. Each time you click the Sharpness icon, it changes the sharpness of the selected image.

The sharpness level is adjustable in

Setup Menu. Refer to "How to Change the Setting"

(Page: Software - 46).

You can activate the sharpness function

for every image you capture by changing the settings.

Refer to 3 Effect on Page Software - 46 for details.


28Software -

How to Change the Sensor Area Setting

1. This is to change the active area on the sensor. It is advised to change the sensor area setting in accordance to the x-ray machine collimation.

To Change the Sensor Area SettingBefore capturing the x-ray images, click the sensor area you would like to set.

Sensor Area Icon

14" x 17" / 35cm x 43cm

11" x 14" / 28cm x 35cm

8" x 10" / 20cm x 25cm

17

If your sensor is 11"x14" size, you can only select 11"x14" or 8"x10" sensor areas.

Sensor Area


29Software -

How to Display One Image on Screen

1. Click the Single Window icon.

If you wish to display multiple images at

the same time on the screen, refer to 2 images : Double Window 4 images : Quarter Window 9 images : 3 x 3 Window 16 images : 4 x 4 Window Press the Single Window icon to return

to the single window from the multiple image display.

Single Window Icon


30Software -

How to Display Two Images on Screen

1. Click the Double Window icon (Vertical).

Double Window Icon (Vertical)

2. Two Image Window (Vertical) appears.

The selected image is highlighted in orange.

You may capture or open new images. A new image appears in the top left window, and other images are moved by one block.

Double click an image to display in single window.

To display two images horizontally, press

the Double Window icon (horizontal).


31Software -

How to Display Four Images on Screen

1. Click the Quarter Window icon.

Quarter Window Icon

2. Four Image Window appears. You may display up to 4 images.

The selected image is highlighted in orange.

You may capture or open new images. A new image appears in the top left window, and other images are moved by one block.

Double click an image to display in single window.

To display 3x3 or 4x4, press 3x3 Window

icon or 4x4 Window icon.

20

[ 3 x 3 ]

[ 4 x 4 ]


32Software -

To Open

Click icon.

The annotation window has functions to insert text, shapes, and lines or to measure the specific areas on the x-ray images.

The annotation window opens.

Click icon to open the image file you wish to put the annotation.

How to Open / Close Annotation Window21

Annotation Icon

To Close

Click icon.

The annotation window closes.

The window goes back to the main screen.


33Software -

Annotation barAnnotation Menu Window

Annotation Menu Window

Annotation Bar Icon

1 Selection Pointer 2 Line Annotation 3 Rectangle Annotation

4 Ellipse Annotation 5 Polyline Annotation 6 Polygon Annotation

7 Curve Annotation 8 Closed Curve Annotation 9 Pointer Annotation

10 Plain Annotation 11 Rich Text Annotation 12 Text Pointer Annotation

13 Ruler Annotation 14 Polyruler Annotation 15 Protractor Annotation

16 Cross Product Annotation

Annotation Menu Icon

1

3

5

7

9

10

12

13

15

2

4

6

8

11

14

16

A

Pan Window

Main Window

A : Open Icon: To open the image file. (Software-32)

B : Save Icon: To save changes.

C : Close Icon: To close the annotation menu. (Software-32)

Annotation Menu

CB


34Software -

Zoom In / Out

Press for zoom in or for zoom out.

Click on the main window (displayed image) to zoom in/out.

Pan Window (Navigation Window)

The pan window is the navigation window, which shows where the main window is focusing on the displayed image. It helps to avoid the orientation especially when the displayed image is highly magnified.

The blue frame becomes smaller when the image is zoomed in.The blue frame becomes larger when the image is zoomed out.

This Section Explains How to... Draw a Straight Line / Arrow / Polyline Draw a Shape

Draw a Curved Line / Shape Insert the Text or Note

Measure the Length Measure the Angle

Select the Annotation Object

NavigateClick and drag the blue frame on the pan window to navigate through the displayed image.As the blue frame is moved in the pan window, the image on the main window changes the displaying area correspondingly.


35Software -

Draw a Straight Line / Arrow / Polyline

Straight LineClick icon.The cursor changes to

Click left button on the mouse and drag to draw a straight line.

Hold SHIFT key to draw a straight line in 45 degrees angle.

Release the left mouse button to complete the line.

ArrowClick icon.The cursor changes to

Click and drag to draw an arrow.The starting point becomes the pointed end of the drawn arrow.

Release the left mouse button to complete the arrow.

Hold SHIFT key to draw an arrow in 45 degrees.

AX-ray Digital Image Sensor

36Software -

PolylineThe polyline is an array of points with a sequence of joined lines.

Click icon.The cursor changes to

Click and drag to draw the first line.

Click again to create another line.

Repeat until the desired number of points and lines are achieved.

Double click to complete.

Draw a line


37Software -

Draw a Shape

RectangleClick iconThe cursor changes to

Click and drag to draw a rectangle.

Hold SHIFT key to draw a square.

Release the left mouse button to complete.

EllipseClick icon.The cursor changes to

Click and drag to draw an ellipse.

Hold SHIFT key to draw a circle.

Release the left mouse button to complete.

BX-ray Digital Image Sensor

38Software -

PolygonThe polygon is an array of points with the vertices of a polygon.

Click icon.The cursor changes to


Click again to create another line.


Double click to close the shape you have drawn.

Draw a Shape


39Software -

Draw a Curved Line / Shape

Curved LineClick icon.The cursor changed to


Click again to create first curving point and drag to change the degree of curve.


Double click to complete.

CX-ray Digital Image Sensor

40Software -

Curved ShapeClick icon.The cursor changed to


Click again to create first curving point and drag to change the degree of curve.


Double click to close the shape you have drawn.

Draw a Curved Line / Shape


41Software -

Insert the Text or Note

Plain / Rich TextClick for Plain Text or for Rich Text.

The cursor changes to

Click and drag to create the text box.The text box appears on the screen. Type the note in the text box.

Text PointerClick icon.The cursor changes to

Click and drag to create the text box. Once the text box is drawn, drag the cursor to create the pointer to desired location.

The text box with an arrow appears on the screen. Type the note in the text box.

DX-ray Digital Image Sensor

42Software -

RulerClick to measure.


Click and drag to draw the desired ruler.

The length appears on the screen.

The length unit can be changed on the ruler property.To open the property, right click the image screen and select Ruler Property.Select Ruler to open the ruler property.

Measure the LengthEX-ray Digital Image Sensor

43Software -

Measure the Angle

ProtracterClick icon.


Click and drag to draw an first line.

This line becomes an anchor.

Click again to complete.

Click again and move the cursor to create the desired degree of angle.

FX-ray Digital Image Sensor

44Software -

To SelectClick icon.

Place the cursor over the object.


Click on the object to select.

Select the Annotation Object

To MovePlace the cursor over the selected object. The cursor

changes to

Click and drag to move the object location.

To ResizeThe selected object shows a white small dot on each

corner or each end of the line.

Place the cursor over the white dot.


Click and drag to resize the object.

To RotateThe selected object shows two green circles. One green circle is to show the center of the object. The other green circle is to show the anchor point of the rotation.Place the cursor over the green circle. (Anchor point)

The cursor changes to Click and drag to rotate the object.

GX-ray Digital Image Sensor

45Software -

How to change the Setting

Click the Setup icon.

Setup Icon

1 Folder You can change the location of folder to

save images. Click "Folder" to select the saving

location. The image will be automatically saved

in the selected folder. Refer to "Before to Start..." on page

Software - 04.

2 File Type DICOM DICOM Format (standard) DICOM DICOM Format (compress) Bitmap BMP Format JPEG JPEG Format GIF GIF Format PNG PNG Format (for Mac. user)

This is to set the default file format, which the captured images are automatically stored as.

By selecting multiple file format types, the software will save the images as selected file formats.

General Tab

Folder's name

1

2


46Software -

3 Effect (Sharpness) This is for Sharpness Function. You can

activate / deactivate by clicking icon on the main menu.

• Click "Yes" to automatically activate the sharpness funct ion for every captured image.

• Click "No" to deactivate the sharpness function at the time of capturing.

• The level of the sharpness. Select the sharpness effect level (1 to 10), and click OK. “1” is the minimum, “10” is the maximum level of the sharpness function.

3

How to Change the Setting

4 Display The orientation of the displayed image.

You may change the orientation of the captured image to be displayed on the NAOMI software.

To display the captured image by rotating 0, 90, 180, 270 degrees.

To display the captured image from different directions as following.

4

PA APIrradiation Area

Direction

Clockwise

Smooth - Sharp

At capturing


47Software -

1 Sensor Area This is to change the active area on the

sensor.

Refer to the Sensor Area sect ion in Troubleshooting Guide for details.

You may change the sensor area by clicking the sensor area icons.

(Refer to Software - 28)

System Configuration Tab

1


5

Calibration Tab

5 Other Click "Yes" to activate the condition chart menu when capturing x-ray images. The software will show the Tech. Chart button in the Select/Register ID menu.

Click "No" to deactivate the condition chart menu when capturing x-ray images. The software will not show the Tech. Chart button in the Select/Register ID menu.

The calibration is only for maintenance. Refer to the Calibration section in User's Guide.


48Software -


2

2 Sensor sensitivity This is only for maintenance.

1 Printer Type Normal Printer -Select "normal". DICOM Printer -Select "DICOM SCP".

2 DICOM SCP Setting Only available when "DICOM SCP" is

selected. Enter your DICOM printer's information.

3 NAOMI Setting Only available when "DICOM SCP" is

selected.

Printer Setting Tab

General Equipment Tab

1 Institution Information Enter your of f ice information. This

information will be saved with the images as the institution information, when the images are captured.

2 Manufacturer information It shows the manufacturer's information.

2 3

1

2

1


49Software -

How to Close the NAOMI Software

1. Before you close the NAOMI Software, save the necessary files.

Refer to "How to Save the Adjusted

Image" (Page: Software - 19).

Exit Icon

2. Click icon.



01Calibration -

Calibration

The calibration is the process to correct misalignment and contrast unevenness on each CCD sensor in NAOMI before the first use.There are three calibration processes: Pre-Check, Positioning Calibration and Luminance Calibration.

To set the most suitable sensor sensitivity automatically.

To align each CCD sensor in NAOMI by using the calibration scale.

To adjust each CCD sensor's contrast (brightness level) to create even contrast level on the NAOMI sensor.

Both Positioning and Luminance Calibration have been performed prior to the shipment for immediate use. However, in rare cases, there is a possibility of needs to process the calibration.

Follow the calibration when.... You have reinstalled the software to your computer. The NAOMI sensor got strong shock. and There are misalignment in images.

There are uneven contrast in images.

If Positioning Calibration is required, Luminance Calibration must be performed after Positioning Calibration is completed.Please refer to "Confirm the Necessary Calibration Process" to check which calibration process your NAOMI sensor needs.

In this chapter, it explains the following processes. 1: Pre-Check (Automated Sensitivity Control) 2: Positioning Calibration 3: Luminance Calibration


02Calibration -

1. Click the Setup icon.

2. Click the System Configuration tab.

If the sensitivity is not set at default, please change the sensitivity to default. This Pre-Check and calibration process may not go through properly if the sensor sensitivity is not at default.

Confirm the sensor sensitivity is set at the following.

(Default)

The process of Pre-Check is to measure the radiation dose from your x-ray machine and change the sensor sensitivity automatically so that the NAOMI sensor can be operated in the same environment at the time of the shipment from our facility. Once this process has been completed, the technique on the included irradiation technique chart can apply to your clinic.

Pre-Check (Automated Sensitivity Control)X-ray Digital Image Sensor

03Calibration -

Pre-Check (Automated Sensitivity Control)

How to change the sensitivity

1. Click the Calibration tab.

2. Verify that the Automated Sensitivity Control is UNCHECKED.

3. Click the System Configuration tab.

4. Change the sensor sensitivity setting to default by clicking the default button.

(Default)

Click Apply.


04Calibration -



4. Click the check box on Pre-Check and Automated Sensor Sensitivity.

Click Start.

5. Click Continue.


05Calibration -


6. Collimate your x-ray machine to cover the entire sensor area.

Set your x-ray machine to the following exposure technique.

52kVp, 5mAs(Tube Distance: approx. 100cm)

7. Verify that the calibration scale is removed from the sensor.

Click Continue.

8. The message, "Please irradiate X-ray" appears to indicate the software and the sensor is ready for irradiation.

Irradiate x-ray. Irradiate x-ray within one minute. The software starts the count down once the

message appears on the screen. It will alert that the time is running out. It alerts 10 seconds remaining, 5 seconds remaining and when it is timed out.

Recommended Tube Current : 100 mARecommended Exposure Time : 1/20 sec (0.05sec / 6 pulse)

The above equals to 5mAs.


06Calibration -

9. Pre-Check starts.


If an error message appears, refer to the Calibration section in Troubleshooting Guide.


07Calibration -

10. Once the software sets the sensitivity of the sensor automatically, it indicates so with the message, "The irradiation setting is most appropriate".

Click OK to proceed to the calibration process.

Proceed to the positioning calibration.If Pre-Check does not go through, contact RF Technical Support.



08Calibration -

This calibration is to correct the position of each CCD in the NAOMI sensor.This process must be performed if your image seems similar to on page : Operation Check-06.

Calibration Scale is required to perform Positioning Calibration.

Positioning Calibration

Align to the Left

NAOMI Sensor

Set Calibration Scale on the NAOMI sensor securely with Scale Pins.


Place Calibration Scale on the sensor with the NAOMI and RF SYTEM lab's logos facing up. Secure Calibration Scale with Scale Pins.

Align Calibration Scale to the far left side of the NAOMI sensor, so that the NAOMI sensor detects Calibration Scale properly.

Calibration Scale

Scale Pin


09Calibration -

1. Click the Setup icon to open Setup Window.

2. “Setup Menu” window appears.


Now, proceed to Preparation Check

Positioning Calibration


10Calibration -

1. Select Position.

Click

Confirm there are no check marks on

“Anime” and “Advanced”. They are for the shipment inspections

only.

2. The message, "Star t cal ibrat ion - Preparation check" appears.

Click

Before proceeding further, confirm that

Calibration Scale is set on the NAOMI sensor and secured with Scale Pins.

*Refer to page: Operation Check - 04, to set Calibration Scale.

3. The message, "Please irradiate X-ray" appears to indicate the software and the sensor is ready for irradiation.

Irradiate x-ray.

Preparation Check


If the software starts reading data without irradiation, or it does not read data at all after irradiation, refer to Question1 of the Capturing X-Ray Image section in Troubleshooting Guide.


11Calibration -

If an error message appears, refer to the Calibration section in Troubleshooting Guide.

4. Once x-ray is irradiated, Preparation Check for Posi t ioning Cal ibrat ion automatically starts.

The processing time is displayed at the

bottom of the window.

5. A f te r the Preparat ion Check fo r Positioning Calibration is completed, the message

"Start calibration - Positioning " appears.

Click

Now Preparation Check is completed.

Proceed to Positioning Calibration.


12Calibration -

1. P o s i t i o n i n g C a l i b r a t i o n s t a r t s automatically.

The processing time is displayed at the

bottom of the window.

2 . A f te r Pos i t i on ing Ca l ib ra t i on i s completed, the message, "Completed" appears.

Click

I f the NAOMI sof tware f reezes or

crashes (closes by itself) before this message appears on the screen, check if the map data is set on "Read - Only ".

(Refer to Install - 20 for details)

3. Remove Calibration Scale from the NAOMI sensor.

DO NOT HOLD CALIBRATION SCALE

BY EDGES. Calibration Scale contains very sharp edges, and it may cause serious injuries. Handle Calibration Scale with special care. In the case of the injuries caused by Calibaration Scale, RF would not assume any responsibility.

Now, proceed to Luminance Calibration.

Positioning CalibrationX-ray Digital Image Sensor

13Calibration -

Luminance CalibrationLuminance Calibration is necessary to adjust the brightness level on each CCD in the NAOMI sensor. This will unify brightness level and create the image evenly adjusted. This process must be performed if you have completed Positioning Calibration or your image is similar to on page : Operation Check-06.

REMOVE CALIBRATION SCALE.Calibration Scale is used only for Positioning Calibration. Calibration Scale must be removed before the Luminance Calibration process.


Now, it is ready for the Luminance Calibration.


14Calibration - 14

1. Click the Setup icon to open Setup Window.

2. “Setup Menu” window appears.



15Calibration -

4. Select Luminance.

Click

Confirm there are no check marks on

“Anime” and “Advanced”. They are for the purpose of shipment

inspections only.

5. The message, "Star t Calibration - Brightness" appears.

Before proceeding fur ther, please

confirm that the Calibration Scale has been removed from the NAOMI sensor.

Click


16Calibration - 16

6. The message, "Please irradiate X-ray" appears to indicate that the software and NAOMI sensor is ready for exposure.

Irradiate x-ray.

7. The sof tware automatical ly star ts calibrating each CCD sensor to adjust the brightness level.

If there is any error message on the screen, refer to the Calibration Section in Troubleshooting Guide.


If the software starts reading data without irradiation, or it does not read data at all after irradiation, refer to Question1 of the Capturing X-Ray Image section in Troubleshooting Guide.


17Calibration -

8. Once the Luminance Calibration is successfully completed, the message, "Completed" appears.

Click

I f the NAOMI sof tware f reezes or

crashes (closes by itself) before this message appears on the screen, check if the map data is set on "Read - Only ".

(Refer to Install - 20 for details)

9. Click OK to save and close the Setup Menu.

OK must be selected to save the

adjustment made by this calibration process.

Now, the calibration process has been completed.It is ready for capturing x-ray images.



01Troubleshooting -

Troubleshooting Guide Index

Set up / InstallThe NAOMI sensor does not work. ···················································································· 02I cannot install the software to my computer. ····································································· 02Installation Wizard does not come up. ················································································ 03I want to uninstall the software. ·························································································· 03I want to reinstall the software. ··························································································· 03I want to install the software to my second computer. ························································ 03I cannot install the driver for the NAOMI sensor. ································································ 04I cannot find the map data folder. ······················································································· 04

Capturing X-Ray ImagesIt starts reading the data without the irradiation. ································································ 05It takes longer than 1 minute for images to come up to the screen. ··································· 06It does not start reading the data after the irradiation. ························································ 06The message "Please irradiate X-ray" appears twice. ······················································· 06

Sensor AreaMy generator does not cover the sensor area. ··································································· 07

CalibrationI got the error message during Pre Check.········································································· 08I got the error message during Positioning Calibration. ······················································ 09-11I got the error message, during Luminance Calibration. ····················································· 12-13

Open / SaveI cannot save images. ········································································································· 14I cannot open the saved images. ························································································ 14I don't know where to find the save image. ········································································· 14

CrashThe NAOMI software crashes. (closes by itself) ································································ 15


02Troubleshooting -

Setup / Install


03Troubleshooting -

Setup / Install


04Troubleshooting -

Setup / Install


05Troubleshooting -

Capturing X-Ray Images


06Troubleshooting -

Capturing X-Ray Images


07Troubleshooting -

Sensor Area


08Troubleshooting -

Calibration

Question 1 I got the error message during Pre-Check.

Error C Please start Pre Check again

• The sof tware could not f ind the most appropriate sensitivity for your sensor.

Click Continue and start PreCheck again.

• Or click Cancel to stop PreCheck.

• Click Continue. Increase the tube distance. Expand the irradiation area. Refer to Sensor Area Troubleshooting Guide.


• Click Continue. Decrease the tube voltage by 5kVp and try

again.


If you still have the message to lower the tube voltage, contact RF Technical Support.


09Troubleshooting -

Calibration


10Troubleshooting -

Calibration


11Troubleshooting -

Calibration


12Troubleshooting -

Calibration


13Troubleshooting -

Calibration


14Troubleshooting -

Open / Save Images


15Troubleshooting -

Crash



Daily Maintenance

Safety Check

• NAOMI Imaging Sensor is precision mechanical equipment. Avoid moisture, dirt, and dust.

• Use a soft, dry cloth to wipe off dirt and dust. If you cannot clean them up, use the firmly squeezed wet towel. You may use alcohol to clean, but do not use any other cleaning substance.

• Do not use volatile organic colvents, like benzenes or thinner, and chemical clothes.

• The rapid temperature changes may cause condensation inside the sensor, which might influence in the system function. Use the sensor with the environment of 15-35 ºC (59-95 ºF), and the humidity 30-70%RH.

• Avoid direct sunlight.

• Handle the sensor with care, since it may get damaged from shocks.

• The lifetime of the scintillator is about 5 years. After this period, it may reduce the ability of emission. Contact our technical support when you need the replacement.

• Stop using the system when you have any troubles, and contact our technical support.

For Long-Term Use

For Long-Term Use

Wipe off dirt with a soft, dry cloth. If the dirt is heavy, squeeze a wet towel well and wipe off the dirt. You may use alcohol but do not use any other cleaning substance.

Regular Check

Please check the followings for each three months for your safety.1. Any screws are not loose.

2. No cracks or fracture on the main unit.

3. The DC-in Jack and USB ports have not become loose.

4. The Power Lamp illuminates in green when the AC Adapter is connected.

5. The USB Lamp illuminates in red when the USB cable is connected.


RF Technical Support Center

Contact the RF Technical Support Center if you have any inquiries about the product. Call us or fax your inquries. Technical experts will contact you and answer your questions.

How to contact RF Technical Support Center?

By Phone: 1-800-605-1688 from USA (for Medical)

1-800-759-9557 from USA (for Veterinary)

1-866-742-5610 from Canada

1-800-151-319 from Australia

+81-26-225-7744 from other countries

By Fax: 1-800-605-9878 from USA (for Medical)

Copy the Request Form on the next page and fax it to us.You may upload the images for your inquiries or questions.

1-800-799-9895 from USA (for Veterinary)

1-866-742-5611 from Canada

1-800-151-320 from Australia

+81-26-225-7747 from other countries

By E-mail: [email protected]

By Website: www.rfsystemlab.com


Technical Support Request Form

Your informationPurchase Date Year Month Date

Office Name

Doctor's Name

Address

TELFAX

Date

Description of the troubleWhat trouble do you have? Setup/Installation Calibration Image Other

Since when have you hadthe problem? From Today / Day(s) Ago

Frequency of the problem Times

Irradiation Setting - If the trouble is about Calibration or Image, provide us the following information.

Tube Distance Feet Inches / m cm

Tube Voltage kVp Tube Current mA

Irradiation Time Second(s) / Pulse

Irradiation Condition mAs

X-Ray IrradiatorManufacturer Name

Type of Irradiator

*Please circle one from A to E, when the trouble is regarding to the image quality.

Contrast ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Brightness ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Sharpness ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Dynamic Range ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

The Part of Focus ( A. Bone B. Abdomen C. Chest D. Extremeties )

Bone ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Abdomen ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Lung Field ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Cranial Bone ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Extrimeties ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Comment

When you have troubles with the product, or when you cannot acquire the proper images, please let us know the following information.

FAX : 1-800-605-9878 (from US for medical) 1-866-742-5611 (from Canada)

1-800-799-9895 (from US for veterinary) +81-26-225-7747 (from other countries)



Technical Support Request Form

Your informationPurchase Date Year Month Date

Office Name

Doctor's Name

Address

TELFAX

Date

Description of the troubleWhat trouble do you have? Setup/Installation Calibration Image Other

Since when have you hadthe problem? From Today / Day(s) Ago

Frequency of the problem Times

Irradiation Setting - If the trouble is about Calibration or Image, provide us the following information.

Tube Distance Feet Inches / m cm

Tube Voltage kVp Tube Current mA

Irradiation Time Second(s) / Pulse

Irradiation Condition mAs

X-Ray IrradiatorManufacturer Name

Type of Irradiator

*Please circle one from A to E, when the trouble is regarding to the image quality.

Contrast ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Brightness ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Sharpness ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Dynamic Range ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

The Part of Focus ( A. Bone B. Abdomen C. Chest D. Extremeties )

Bone ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Abdomen ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Lung Field ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Cranial Bone ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Extrimeties ( A. Very Good B. Good C. Fair D. Poor E. Very Poor )

Comment

When you have troubles with the product, or when you cannot acquire the proper images, please let us know the following information.

FAX : 1-800-605-9878 (from US for medical) 1-866-742-5611 (from Canada)

1-800-799-9895 (from US for veterinary) +81-26-225-7747 (from other countries)



Specifications

NAOMI Specifications (14" x 17")

Method Imaging Sensor and ScintillatorScintillator GOS (Gd2O2S:Tb)Image Size 14" x 17" (Maximum)Data Output DICOM, Bitmap, JPEG, PNG, GIFPower Usage AC Adaptor (12V / 12.5A)Power Requirement 100-240V (50Hz / 60Hz)Power Consumption 100WDimensions/Weight 18.9" x 23.2" x 2.4" / 18.5lb

480 x 590 x 62 (mm) / 8.4 (kg)

NAOMI Requirement for Computer Environment

Operation System Windows2000 / XP / VistaCPU Intel Celeron 1GHzMemory 1GB (2GB or more recommended)Hard Disk Drive 160GBMonitor XGA Size (1024 x 768)Peripheral USB 2.0 Port x 1, CD-ROM Drive x 1

NAOMI Dimensions (14"x17")

Manufacturered by RF Co., Ltd Address : 3 Nakagosho. Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-0935 Japan

TEL : +81-26-225-7744 E-mail : [email protected]

FAX : +81-26-225-7747 URL : www.rfsystemlab.com

23.2"(590mm)

18.9"(480mm)

2.4"(62mm)

18.5lb(8.4kg)

