XenophobiaXenophobia

The Red Scare (1919-1920) – fear of the The Red Scare (1919-1920) – fear of the Communist Revolution in Russia Communist Revolution in Russia spreading leads to the jailing and spreading leads to the jailing and deportation of Anarchist, Communists and deportation of Anarchist, Communists and Socialists- “Soviet Ark” Socialists- “Soviet Ark”

Labor Movement suffers.Labor Movement suffers. Communism considered a foreign Communism considered a foreign

conspiracy- Ideas were Un-American. conspiracy- Ideas were Un-American. KKK – 1 millionKKK – 1 million

Immigrants No Longer Immigrants No Longer Welcome Welcome

Immigrations Act of 1921- established a Immigrations Act of 1921- established a quota; 10% of the number of immigrants quota; 10% of the number of immigrants in 1910.in 1910.

Immigrations Act of 1924- further Immigrations Act of 1924- further restricted immigration; 2% of the number restricted immigration; 2% of the number of immigrants in 1890of immigrants in 1890

“Silent Cal” Restores Credibility to the Presidency

Calvin Coolidge- very honest; believer

in laissez-faire economics.Andrew Mellon- Secretary of the

Treasury; introduces trickle-down

economics- tax cuts for the rich.

Trickle Down Economics TodayTrickle Down Economics Today

Between 1990 and Between 1990 and 2004, the bottom 2004, the bottom 90% of the US 90% of the US population saw its population saw its average household average household income increase by income increase by 2%. 2%.

It went up 57% for It went up 57% for the top 1%. the top 1%.

It went up 112% It went up 112% for the top .01%.for the top .01%.

90% of Americans saw a

2% increase in income

New Forms of Art & New Forms of Art & EntertainmentEntertainment

Mass CultureMass Culture JazzJazz – American Art – American Art SportsSports: Baseball: Baseball RadioRadio- Vaudeville- Vaudeville MoviesMovies- Silent Films- Silent Films 1.1. Spreads common Spreads common

values, styles and values, styles and tastes.tastes.

2.2. Creates new national Creates new national heroes and stars.heroes and stars.

1920’s Economic Boom – 1920’s Economic Boom – Roaring 20’sRoaring 20’s

Stock Market Booms – Stock Market Booms – Bull Market (Bear)Bull Market (Bear)

Buying Goods on CreditBuying Goods on Credit Installment planInstallment plan: pay : pay

for goods over extended for goods over extended period with interestperiod with interest

Some economists, Some economists, business owners think business owners think installment buying installment buying excessive – Why?excessive – Why?

Future? – Who cares live Future? – Who cares live for today!for today!

Revolution in Automobile Revolution in Automobile Production – Assembly LineProduction – Assembly Line

Henry FordHenry Ford Model TModel T – – Assembly Assembly

LineLine and installment and installment plan make the car plan make the car available to most.available to most.

““When you build a When you build a factory, you build a factory, you build a temple.” temple.”

Materialism is the new Materialism is the new trend.trend.

The Lost Generation (US)The Lost Generation (US)- The Da Da Movement - The Da Da Movement (Europe)(Europe)

Main Theme: DisillusionmentMain Theme: Disillusionment F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald: called the era the : called the era the

“Jazz Age”“Jazz Age” Great GatsbyGreat Gatsby: Showed the negative side of : Showed the negative side of

1920s wealth1920s wealth Sinclair LewisSinclair Lewis: : BabbitBabbit; Against ; Against

materialism materialism Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway: : A Farewell to ArmsA Farewell to Arms

– questions glorification of war – questions glorification of war

The Roaring 20’sThe Roaring 20’sThe New Urban SceneThe New Urban Scene 1922–1929, nearly 2 million people 1922–1929, nearly 2 million people

leave farms, towns each yearleave farms, towns each year Urban v. Rural - Clash of VALUES!Urban v. Rural - Clash of VALUES!

The Noble ExperimentThe Noble Experiment

18th Amendment (1919):18th Amendment (1919): supported supported by religious groups, by religious groups, Rural Rural South, WestSouth, West

Prohibition:Prohibition: production, sale, production, sale, transportation of alcohol is illegal!transportation of alcohol is illegal!

Volstead Act (1919)Volstead Act (1919) Problem:Problem: Government does not budget Government does not budget

enough money to enforce the law.enough money to enforce the law.

Prohibition IgnoredProhibition Ignored

SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies: hidden : hidden saloons, nightclubs – saloons, nightclubs – The “corner cop”The “corner cop”

People distill liquor, People distill liquor, buy prescription buy prescription alcohol, alcohol, “sacramental” wine“sacramental” wine

Bootlegging:Bootlegging: illegal illegal sale, manufacturingsale, manufacturing

Rise of Organized CrimeRise of Organized Crime

Al Capone:Al Capone: controls controls Chicago liquor Chicago liquor business by killing business by killing competitors – St competitors – St Valentines Day Valentines Day Massacre Massacre Corruption at EVERY Corruption at EVERY level!level!Mid-1920s: only 19% Mid-1920s: only 19% support Prohibitionsupport Prohibition

The Election of 1928

• Herbert Hoover (R) • Rural- from Iowa• W.A.S.P.• Dry• Pro Big Business –

Laissez Faire

• Al Smith (D)• Urban- from NYC• Irish-Catholic• Wet• Progressive- Gov’t

Regulation