VI. DAY 1: AfternoonCensus Data Exercise

Basic Steps for finding Demographic Data from the U.S. Census Bureau Website

Using American Factfinder: This portion of the Census website allows users to locate areas of interest in the U.S. with reference maps and discover what blocks, block groups, census tracts, or other census geographic units cover the area of interest. It also allows users to select desired census attributes and create a thematic map or export a table of the desired attributes for specified census geographic unit(s). To access Factfinder:

1. Go to the U.S. Census Bureau’s main web page at: www.census.gov.

2. Select the link for American Factfinder or go to: http://factfinder.census.gov

A. Identifying census geographic units with reference maps:For example, if you want to find out what census tract covers Yale Campus in downtown New Haven, you would use the reference maps to find Yale, then get the census tract code that can be used in creating a thematic map or extracting a table of attributes.

1. Select the Data Sets link from the Factfinder web page.

2. Select the summary file and year you want (ex. Census 2000 Summary file 1, 1990 Summary Tape File 1, etc.). Note that there are different attributes available for different summary files. For example, summary file one typically has basic attributes like total population, sex, age, race, etc. where summary file 3 typically has cross-tab attributes like age by language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over, and economic attributes like average housing value and median income. To see a list of attributes for the 2000 summary files 1 and 3, .pdf files at the following web sites can be accessed:

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf1.pdf

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf3.pdf

These are long documents with several hundred attributes to choose from. If you just want to look at attributes and codes, start with Chapter 7, Table Matrix. The rest of the document explains the geography and attribute definitions in more detail.

3. For this exercise, select ”Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) - Sample Data.”

4. After selecting a summary file and year, a menu will appear to the right of your selection. From this menu, select Reference Maps.

5. The reference maps page will bring up a map of the United States. You can identify your area of interest by either zooming in on the map or by using the menu on to the left of the

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screen that shows Reposition on… The reposition on menu gives you a choice of typing in an address or latitude or longitude.

6. In most cases easiest likely way to identify a place is by address. So for this example, type in an address or intersection, like “Huntington and Prospect, New Haven, CT.” The reference map will then zoom to the address that you entered. To the left of the map you will notice a legend that shows the symbology for the census geographic units like blocks, block groups, and tracts. Within the map, the codes for these geographic units will be labeled according to the color in the legend. For the address listed above, the census tract code is 1418.

B. Creating a thematic map

1. If you are still on the reference map, find the menu that has “You are here: Main> Data Sets> Geography> Results” and select the “Data Sets” link. This will take you back to the menu where you can select the link to Thematic Maps. Make sure you still have ”Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) - Sample Data” selected and click the Thematic Maps link.

2. Next, you will select your geography. For this example, we will select Place, so we can find Census tract 1418, which covers the address we found in the previous reference maps section. Subsequently choose the State (Connecticut), and Geographic Area (New Haven City). Note: you can only select one geographic area for thematic maps. You can optionally click the Map it link to preview your area of interest to make sure you selected the right area. Then click the next button.

3. The next step is to select a theme. Note: You can only select one theme (attribute) for thematic maps since the map can only show one attribute. For this example, select TM-P063. Median Household Income in 1999: 2000 and click Show Results. A thematic map will be drawn for New Haven City showing Median Household income, by census tract, symbolized into 5 data classes.

4. Use the “Display map by:” drop-down and change the display to “Block Group.”

5. Again, you can identify your area of interest by either zooming in on the map or by using the menu on to the left of the screen that shows Reposition on…, entering the “Huntington and Prospect, New Haven, CT” address again.

6. You can change the symbology and number of classes from the menu to the left of the map. If you have a pop-up blocker for your browser, hold down the control key on your keyboard when refreshing your map.

C. Creating and Exporting an Attribute Table

1. If you are still on the thematic map, find the menu that has “You are here: Main> Data Sets> Geography> Results” and select the “Data Sets” link. This will take you back to the web page where you can select the link to Detailed Tables.

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2. On the Select Geography page, select block group as the geographic type for this example followed by State (Connecticut), county (New Haven), and tract (1418). For the block groups, select All Block Groups and click Add, then click Next. Note: you can select more than one block group for detailed tables. You can also select more than one census tract if you select a larger unit such as county for your geographic type.

3. In the Select Tables web page, select the desired attribute(s). For this example, chose P1 (Total Population), P6 (Race) and P53 (Median Household Income). You can select more than one attribute by holding down the control button on your keyboard. Click Add, then Show Result. This will bring up a table with the geographic units (block groups 1 - 4 for census tract 1418 in this example) in the columns and attributes in the rows.

4. To export or print the table, select Print/Download on the menu above the table. You can download the table as a .csv or Excel file (.xls), or .txt file.

D. General notes about Census DemographicsCensus geography is basically divided up into 5 basic units of state, county, Tract, block group,

and block, with the block being the smallest unit of geography. States and counties conform to normal State and county boundaries for the United States. Tracts, block groups, and blocks all fit within their larger units of geography without overlap. These boundaries are determined by population and not by a set value of area. Therefore, a block in New York city would be much smaller than a block in rural Montana (where there is a much smaller population density).

Census geographies do change every decennial census, so if you are doing a time-series study, keep in mind that some blocks, block groups, or tracts may not have the same boundary compared to an earlier or later census. Since the population changes every 10 years, the geographic boundaries do as well (since they are based on population).

A common mistake made by people using census data is including “Hispanic” as a racial group. According to the census, “Hispanic and non-Hispanic” are ethnicities and not races, so never mix “Hispanic” in with race categories when comparing census statistics.

For more information on using GIS for Census analysis, contact the GIS Specialist (Abraham Parrish) at the Yale Map Collection (stacey.maples@yale.edu, 203-432-8269, www.library.yale.edu/maps).

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Explanation of Census Geography

Through its many surveys, the Census Bureau reports data for a wide variety of geographic types, ranging from the entire United States down to a Census Block. The geographic types that a survey reports on will depend upon the survey’s purpose, and how the data were collected.

The diagram shows the many geographic types for which data are available in FactFinder. In general, larger geographic types (e.g., state) are shown near the top and smaller geographic types (e.g., census tract) are shown towards the bottom.

With connecting lines, the diagram also shows the hierarchical relationships between geographic types. For example, a line extends from states to counties because a state is comprised of many counties, and a single county can never cross a state boundary. To uniquely name a county, the state name must be included (e.g., Orange County, California; Orange County, Florida).

If no line joins 2 geographic types, then an absolute and predictable relationship does not exist between them. For example, many places are confined to one county. However, some places extend over more than one county, such as New York City. Therefore, an absolute hierarchical relationship does not exist between counties and places, and any tabulation involving both these geographic types may represent only a part of one county or one place.

Notice that many lines radiate from blocks, indicating that most geographic types can be described as a collection of blocks, the smallest geographic unit for which the Census Bureau reports data. However, only two of these lines also describe the path by which a block is uniquely named. That is, the path through the Block Group or through the Tribal Block Group.

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Note: To read definitions of the geographic types, click Glossary on the banner of American FactFinder.

Basic Steps for finding Demographic Data on the ESRI WebsiteUsing ArcMap: ArcMap is part of ESRI’s ArcGIS package and allows you display & analyze geographic data. ArcGIS is only one type of Geographic Information System (GIS), there are other software packages that have similar capabilities. ArcGIS is available in the FES computer labs.

E. Retrieving spatial data for ArcGIS1. The ESRI website has datasets that are free to download. The 2000 Census data is

available at : http://arcdata.esri.com/data/tiger2000/tiger_download.cfm2. Select a State, submit selection. You then have the option to select data by data layer or

by county; select by County.3. You can then select particular attributes or choose to download all data layers. We have

downloaded these files for you. They can be accessed from a shared server. We downloaded “ALL DATA LAYERS” from the Census 2000 Tiger/Line® website. This file contains several zipfiles, each containing a shapefile and/or a table of census data. You will also notice the “readme.html” file. These “readme” files are very important and often serve as a sort of decoder ring for the abbreviated file names; for example trt00 = 2000 census tracts and lkA = roads.

NOTE: Data can also be retrieved from the American Factfinder website (see above) and brought into ArcGIS, though it is a bit trickier.

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Introduction to ArcGIS & Mapping

Preparation & Introduction to ArcMap

1. Using your Web Browser, Browse to the Yale Map Collection website at www.library.yale.edu/maps.

2. On the right side of the front page, Find the Quicklinks and Click on the “Download GIS Workshop Materials.”

3. Scroll to the bottom of the page to find the “Yale Mods 2007 – Urban Forestry Workshop” materials. There will be documents and a related dataset available.

4. Download the Urban_Forestry_Workshop.zip file to a folder on which you have write permissions (typically, you will be able to write to the C:\temp folder, but your work may be deleted when the machine reboots).

5. Browse to the folder where you downloaded the dataset (for the purpose of this guide, we will assume it is the C:\temp folder, as mentioned above) and Create a new folder using your initials. For example, if your name is John Jacob Jinglehymer-Smith, you would make a new folder called C:\Temp\JJJ.

6. Unzip the dataset to your new ‘initials’ folder. From this point, we will refer to this main folder as your ‘initials folder.’

7. Browse into your initials folder and find the C:\temp\your_initials\Urban_Forestry_Workshop\Data\Shapefiles folder.

8. Take a look at the files in this folder. Note that many of the files in the folder have the same names, but different file extension (.dbf, .prj, .shp, etc…). Each set of similarly named files makes up a single “shapefile.”

9. Return to the C:\temp\your_initials\Urban_Forestry_Workshop folder and look for the file called Urban_Forestry_Workshop.mxd and double-click it to open it with ArcMap.

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The ArcMap Interface

Once you have opened the Urban_Forestry_Workshop.mxd file, you should have something like the above image. Highlighted are the following important elements of the ArcMap interface:

Table of Contents – This panel shows the data ‘layers’ that re included in your Map Document. Each layer’s visibility & Symbology are displayed here. Right-clicking on any layer’s name provides access to a context menu with several options for interacting and altering the Map Document, relative to the data layer.

Map Document Window – This is where your data is visualized. Note that the order of display in this window is the same as the vertical order of listing in the Table of Contents.

Data View Tools – Quick access to many of the most often used tools for navigating and interacting with data in ArcMap

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Data View Tools

Main Menu Map

Document (Data View)

Table of Contents

Data LayersData

Layers

View Toolbar

Main Menu – Just what it is called. This is the typical Windows Main Menu, with some tools that are familiar, and some that may not be.

Getting Started

Visibility & Order of Display

1. Locate the Area_of_Interest Layer, in the Table of Contents, and click on the checkbox to turn on the layer’s visibility.

2. Repeat Step 1 for the Natural_Diveristy_Database_Areas, New_Haven_Water_Bodies and ned_elev Layers.

3. Notice that the Area-of_Interest Layer seems to have disappeared from the Map Document Window.

4. Click-Hold-and-Drag the Area_of_Interest Layer to the very top of the Table of Contents, releasing it when it is above the New_Haven_Streets Layer.

5. Notice that the Area_of_Interest Layer ‘reappears’ above the other layers, reflecting its position in the Table of Contents.

6. In the Table of Contents, Right-Click on the Area_of_Interest Layer and Select ‘Properties’ from the context menu.

7. Select the ‘Symbology’ Tab (if it is not already).

8. Click on the Symbol Button to Open the Symbol Selector.

9. Use the Symbol Selector to change the File & Outline Colors to Yellow.

10. Click OK twice to Apply the changes.

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Navigation in Data View

1. Right-Click on the Area_of_Interest Layer and select Zoom to Layer.

2. To return to the previous view, Click on the

Previous Extent Button, which works like a web browser’s Back Button.

3. Select the Zoom Tool Button and Drag a box across the upper-right are of the Map View, where the large body of water is.

4. Now Click on the Full Extent Button. This tool will zoom to the largest extent of the data in your map document.

5. On the Main Menu, change the Map Scale in the Scale Drop-Down Menu to ‘1:24,000.’

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6. Select the Pan Tool Button and use this tool to position the Area_of_Interest box at roughly the center of the Map View.

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Working with Layer Properties

You have already used the Layer Properties box to change the Symbology of the Area_of_Interest Layer, now you will use the same dialog box to change other things about the way your data is displayed.

Altering Symbology

1. In the Table of Contents, Right-Click on the ned_elev Layer and Select ‘Properties’ from the context menu.

2. Select the ‘Symbology’ Tab (if it is not already).

3. Click on the Symbol Button to Open the Symbol Selector.

4. Use Color Ramp Drop-Down list to change the color of this layer. If necessary, check the “Invert” box, so that the higher elevation values are represented by the lighter tones.

5. Click OK to Apply the changes.

Labeling Features

1. Right-Click on the New_Haven_Streets Layer and Select Properties from the Context Menu.

2. Click on the Labels Tab to bring it to the front of the window.

3. Check the “Label features in this layer” box.

4. Note the other options for altering the look of labels (but leave the default settings for now).

5. Click OK to Apply the change.

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6. Right-Click on the New-Haven_Streets Layer and Select Label Features from the Context Menu.

Note that the labels you just enabled have now been turned off. You could have simply used the context menu to turn on the label for this layer, since the Field the layer uses for labeling is called “FENAME” and ArcMap is fairly good at guessing what field to label with. When the labeling field is not so obvious, you should use the Properties Dialog to assign the correct Label Field, as shown above.

7. Right-Click on the New-Haven_Streets Layer and Select Label Features from the Context Menu to turn your street names back on again

Adding a Table of Data and Displaying its X,Y Coordinates

8. Click on the Add Data Button to Open a Browse Dialog Box.

9. Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\Urban_Forestry_Workshop\Data\Tables Folder and select the Placenames.csv file.

This file is a table of geographic placenames, along with Latitude/Longitude coordinates, like you might produce with a GPS unit, or find available for download from various data sources. Notice that when you add a table to your Map Document, the Table of Contents View changes, so that the “Source” Tab is now the active TOC Tab. This happens because the table does not have any explicit geometry for the application to display, and so that you know the table was added successfully to the Map Document. You will now display the coordinates in this table.

10. Right-Click on the Placenames.csv table name and select Open to view the table.

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Note that the table contains the names of geographic features, their class or type and a set of X,Y coordinates, with which we can turn this table into geographic points, overlaid upon our current map document.

11. Close the table.

12. Right-Click on the Placenames.csv Table Layer again and Select Display XY Coordinates from the Context Menu.

Note that, again, if the field name makes sense to ArcMap, it will sometimes select the

appropriate input field in these dialog boxes. Here, the X_COORD & Y_COORD fields have been properly assigned.

13. Click on the Edit Button to Assign the appropriate Geographic Coordinate System.

14. In the resulting Dialog, browse to Geographic Coordinate Systems>World>WGS_1984 and apply this as the coordinate system.

15. Click OK to Display the Data.

16. Click on the Display Tab at the bottom of the Table of Contents to return to the Display View.

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Note that ArcMap has now displayed a set of points in your Map View, as well as adding a new layer, called Placenames.csv Events. This is NOT a layer that you will be able to perform analysis upon, and you may have been warned about this during the process of displaying the points. This is because you are, at this point, only ‘displaying’ the coordinates. Should you want to use these points for spatial analysis, you would want to export this layer to a new shapefile. We will do this with another layer, shortly.

Bringing the Census Data into ArcMap

Here, you will bring two related datasets into the Map Document and join them using what is referred to as a “keyfield.” These two datasets are the geographic boundary file for Census block groups in New Haven County, as well as a table containing the SF1 Attributes for those block groups. The U.S. Census collects thousands of attributes, only a few of which are usually needed by individual users. Rather than putting all of this data together in a single file, the Census distributes the data separately, so that you can access the Census geography that you are interested in, and choose only the variables that you need for your analysis. This strategy saves bandwidth and storage space, but unfortunately, the Census website is difficult to navigate, and the two datasets must be altered slightly in order to join them. The means of doing this alteration is covered in one of The Map Collection Workshops (http://www.library.yale.edu/MapColl/files/docs/Finding_and_Preparing_Data.doc). Fortunately, ESRI has made prepared sets of Census Data available that have already been processed for ‘joining.’ These datasets are available from their website, and there is a brief overview of how to access this data at the end of this workshop tutorial. We have provided you with the files necessary for this tutorial, downloaded from the ESRI website.

Adding the Census Data to your Map Layout

1. Click on the Add Data Button and Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\Urban_Forestry_Workshop\Data\at_tigeresri741411635 Folder.

2. Holding down the Ctrl Key, Select both files in this folder and click on the Add Button.

You will be warned that one of your datasets is missing its “spatial reference.” Your table of Contents view will also change back to the Source

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Tab, since you have just added a table of data, as well as a shapefile.

Note that you probably cannot see the Census Block Group files we just added, tgr09009blk00.shp (If you can see the file, you are likely using ArcGIS version 9.1 or before). This is because the dataset does not have a *.prj file, which contains information about how the numeric values that record the point, line and polygons in the dataset, relate to geographic location on the face of the Earth. This means that you need to ‘define’ the coordinate or projection system. Prior to ArcGIS 9.2, the software would examine the numeric values that recorded the geometry of the boundaries and, if the values fell within the normal Lat/Lon values (-90 to 90 & -180 to 180), it applied an “assumed geographic coordinate system” using the North American Datum from 1927. This worked, sometimes. But what if your data was located in India? The NAD 1927 Datum is not nearly as accurate as current datums, and is wildly inaccurate for any dataset falling outside North America. Also, much of the data you work with in GIS is now created on the NAD 1983 datum, a far more accurate reference system. So, ESRI dropped the assumed geographic feature, so that you must now explicitly assign the correct coordinate system. Unfortunately, ESRI has not updated much of its available data to reflect this new lack of automation, and much of the base data they provide (not to mention that included with the last 20 years of software releases) still has no defined coordinate system / projection. Here, we will learn to remedy that, and familiarize you with the ArcToolbox.

Defining a Projection/Coordinate System

1. Click on the ArcToolbox Button to launch the ArcToolbox Panel.

2. Click on the Search Tab, at the bottom of the ArcToolbox panel, and enter “define” as your search term.

3. Define Projection Tool should be one of the returned results. Double-Click on Define Projection to open the ArcToolbox Tool’s dialog.

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4. Select the tgr09009blk00 layer from the Input Dataset Drop-Down Menu.

5. Click on the Spatial

Reference Button to Open the Spatial Reference Properties Dialog Box.

6. Click on the Select Button and Browse to Geographic Coordinate Systems>North America>North American Datum 1983.prj. Select and Add this as the Spatial Reference. Click OK again to Apply the Spatial Reference to the ArcToolbox Dialog.

7. Click OK to Define the Coordinate System for

this file.

8. You may need to refresh your Data View in order to see the results, using the Refresh View Button, on the View Toolbar at the bottom left corner of the Data View.

9. Click on the Display Tab at the bottom of the Table of Contents.

You should now see something like what is pictured at the left. The tgr09009blk00 Layer has been added to your Table of Contents. Take a close look at the order of layers in the Table of Contents, and then look at the Data View. Notice that, while it appears that your New_Haven_Streets Layer is still on top of the tgr09009blk00 Layer, it is actually below the layer in the Table of Contents, so that it is not really visible in your Data View. What appears to be your streets, and in many cases, still lines up properly with your street labels, are actually the boundaries between the Census Blocks. U.S. Census Blocks are delineated by street centerlines. In fact, most of the Census boundaries that you

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will ever use are delineated by street centerlines. The New_Haven_Streets Layer and the tgr09009blk00 Layer are actually derived from the same data (an interesting aside here is that the data model upon which they were built was developed here in New Haven, by Donald Cooke ’63, for the 1970 Census).

10. Click-Hold-Drag the tgr09009blk00 Layer below the Natural_Diversity_Database_Areas Layer. Note that the boundaries seem to have disappeared, though it is only that the New_Haven_Streets Layer is now partially obscuring some of the boundaries (again, because they are derived from the same data).

11. Click on the Source Tab at the bottom of the Table of Contents.

Joining the Attribute Dataset to the Boundary File

1. Right-Click on the tgr09009blk00 Layer Name and Select Open Attribute Table from the Context Menu.

Note that the table contains a few fields that mostly identify the various geographic entities within this boundary file. There is nothing that indicates any information about the people who live within these boundaries. Note the Field called STFID, in particular.

2. Close the tgr09009blk00 Attribute Table.

3. Right-Click on the tgr09000sf1blk Layer Name and Select Open from the Context Menu.

Note that, in this case, there are plenty of attributes about people. This table contains the counts of total population, racial, gender and age breakdowns

and other information about the people who live in the Census Blocks. Notice, also, that this table has the same STFID field we found in the boundary file.

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4. Close the tgr09000sf1blk Table.

5. Right-Click on the tgr09009blk00 Layer and Select Joins and Relates>Join….

6. In the resulting Join Data Dialog Box, populate the options as shown on the left.

Join attributes from a table Join Field 1=STFID Join Layer=tgr09000sf1blk Join Field 2=STFID

7. Click OK to Apply the Join.

8. Right-Click on the tgr9009blk Layer and Open the Attribute Table.

9. Scroll across the Attribute Table and make sure that the two datasets have been joined.

Note that the Field Names have now changed and are prefixed with the name of the dataset that they come from. ArcMap has used the STFID in each of the datasets to join the attribute records to the appropriate Census block unit. However, if we want to work with this dataset, further, it is best that we export it to a new shapefile that contains all of the fields we need. Further, we are only interested in the area of and immediately surrounding the Area_of_Interest Layer.

Selecting by Location and Exporting to a New Shapefile

1. Close the Attribute Table.

2. On the Main Menu, Go To Selection>Select by Location.

3. In the resulting Select by Location Dialog Box, fill in the options, as shown at the right, selecting features from tgr09009blk00 that intersect with the Area_of_Interest Layer and Apply a buffer of 1000 feet.

4. Click Apply and note that the selection you made should be highlighted in blue.

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5. Close the Select by Location Dialog Box and note that your selection will remain active.

6. Right-Click on the tgr09009blk00 Layer and Select Data>Export Data….

Notice that the Export Drop-Down list has defaulted to “Selected features.” It is the default action in ArcMap that anything you do to a layer, when you have an active selection, only applies to the selection.

7. Check the checkbox that allows you to use the same Coordinate System as the Data Frame.

Remember that we defined the Coordinate System as WGS 1984? That was because the layer was created using Lat/Lon coordinates. Lat/Lon coordinates locate features

on the surface of the (roughly) spherical Earth, and are angular measurements. ArcGIS needs a linear unit to perform many of the mathematical calculations you may want to apply to the data, such as calculating area, distances, etc…. By using the coordinate system of the Data Frame (which is UTM, which locates features within UTM zones by X,Y coordinates, in meters) to export the dataset, we can avoid the added step of projecting the data to a projection with a linear measurement.

8. Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\Urban_Forestry_Workshop\Data\Shapefiles folder and Save the Output shapefile as AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1.shp.

9. Click OK to Export the Data.

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10. You will be prompted to add the new layer to the current Map Document. Click Yes.

11. Right-Click on the new AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 Layer and Open the Attribute Table.

Note that all of the attributes from the joined dataset have transferred, but that the fieldnames are no longer prefixed.

12. Close the Attribute Table.

13. If it is not already, Drag the AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 Layer below the New_Haven_Streets Layer.

14. On the Main Menu, Go To, Selection>Clear Selected Features.

15. Right-Click on the original tgr09009blk00 Layer and Select Remove from the Context Menu.

Using Symbology to Indicate Attributes

1. Right-Click on the AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 Layer and Open the Properties.

2. Click on the Symbology Tab.

3. Click on Quantities, in the Show: Panel on the left.

4. Leave Graduated Colors as the Symbology Type.

5. Select RENTER_OCC from the Value Drop-Down.

6. Select HSE_UNITS from the Normalization Drop-Down.

7. 5 Classes, at natural breaks, is the default Classification Setting. Leave this setting and select an appropriate Color Ramp.

8. Click Apply.

Creating a Simple Map Layout

1. Turn off the visibility of all but the New_Haven_Streets, AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 and New_Haven_Water_Bodies Layers.

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2. Click on the Layout View Button on the View Toolbar at the bottom left corner of the Data Frame.

You should notice two changes. One is that your map data is now shown on an 8.5 X 11 page layout and that other is that you should now have an additional toolbar of tools that look somewhat similar to the one on the left side of the Data Frame (this is the Layout Toolbar).

3. Click on the Layout Zoom Tool Button and Drag a box that just encompasses the Data Frame, which is the inner rectangle containing the map data.

Note that this tool does not zoom to your data, but zooms to the layout page, while the data remains at the same scale.

Adding Essential Map Elements

Title

1. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>Title. A highlighted text box will be inserted into the map layout.

2. Double-Click on the text box to open its Properties.

3. Change the Text to “Renter Occupied Properties.” Leave all other settings at their default, but note that there are many options for altering the title text. Click OK.

Scalebar

1. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>Scale Bar.

2. In the Scale Bar Selector, select the first Scale Bar in the list and click OK.

A highlighted Scale Bar will be inserted into your Map Layout (probably at the worst possible place).

3. Use the Select Elements Tool to move the Scale Bar to the lower left corner of the map layout.

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North Arrow

4. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>North Arrow.

5. In the North Arrow Selector, select the first North Arrow in the list and click OK.

6. A highlighted North Arrow will be inserted into your Map Layout (probably at the worst possible place).

7. Use the Select Elements Tool to move the North Arrow to a more appropriate part of the map layout.

The Legend

1. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>Legend to begin the Legend Wizard.

2. Highlight and remove all layers but the AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 Layer from the Legend Items List using the < Button.

3. Click Next twice.

4. Select a 1pt Frame.

5. Select a White Background.

6. Click Next.

7. Change the Area Patch to the Urbanized Area shape.

8. Click Next.

9. Accept the default settings for the final window and Click Finish.

10. Using the Select Elements Tool, Move the Legend to the lower right corner of the map layout.

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Exporting your Map

At this point, you might like to export your map to an image that you can use in PowerPoint or a Word Document. Or, you might want to save the map in a format that you can send to colleagues to view or print. Here you will learn to export your map.

Export to JPEG

1. Save your work by clicking the Save Button.

2. On the Main Menu, Go To File>Export Map.

3. Browse to the Urban_Forestry_Workshop Folder.

4. Change the Save as Type Drop-Down to JPEG (*.jpg).

5. Set the Resolution to 150 dpi.

6. Check the box to Clip Output to Graphic Extent.

7. Click on the Format Tab, under Options.

8. Make sure that the Color Mode is set to 24-bit True Color.

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9. Click Save.

10. Browse to the Urban_Forestry_Workshop Folder and double-click on the Urban_Forestry_Workshop.jpg to Open it.

Export to PDF

1. On the Main Menu, Go To File>Export Map.

2. Do not check the Clip to Graphics Extent box.

3. Change the Save as Type Drop-Down to PDF (*.pdf).

4. Click Save.

5. Browse to the Folder where you saved the file and double-click on Urban_Forestry_Workshop.pdf to open the file.

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More Tips to Make Your ArcMap Experience Less Stressful:

Create a main Project Folder for your GIS analysis project. Under this main folder, create a Data folder, under which you should create a series of subfolders for each type of data you are using, or creating in your project (shapefile, raster, image, tables, etc…). For complex projects, you may even find it helpful to create further divisions (original, working, final, etc…) within each of your data subfolders to contain the multiple versions of data files that can accumulate during the course of a GIS project.

By setting “Relative Pathnames” in File>Map Properties>Data Source Options, you can move your ArcMap Project Folder as a single unit, preserving the location of your data files relative to your MXD document, without breaking the internal links to the datasets. You can also Zip the folder and send it through the email to colleagues.

MXD Map Documents are very small! You can save many versions of a project by saving multiple Map Documents. This allows you to save several layout versions of the same data without using a great deal of disk space.

ArcMap supports long filenames for MXD Document, table and shapefile names. Use this to your advantage by giving these files very specifically descriptive names. Coverage and raster filenames are limited to 13 characters.

Congratulations! You are now ready to explore ArcMap on your own! If you are interested in additional training materials, or just need help with a specific GIS related issue, feel free to contact us at the Yale Map Collection!

Stacey D MaplesMap CollectionStacey.maples@yale.eduwww.library.yale.edu/maps203-432-8269

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