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Page 1: Y|ÀÌ· ÃZ³|{Ë Ê Á |¬¿ Âv» d¸ ̧ Ê ZÀ d§ » ° ] ³Yphm.znu.ac.ir/article_19574_0e21f88a1728ad7d0f234ccb32fe... · 2020-06-23 · 1394 ½Zf ]ZeÁ ZÆ] ,14 à Z¼ ,ʨ

:

1

.

.

.

) (

.

:30/6/93 :2/11/93

1. [email protected]

2 . [email protected]

-

1394

43-79

Research Journal of

Philosophical Meditations

University of Zanjan

Vol.5, No.14, Spring &Summer 2015

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:

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: / 45

1

2

) (3 ) (

4

5

.

.

.

" "

" "

)Crips, 1996, pp.4-5.(

6

7

8

9

10

11

.

)Athanassoulis, 2013, pp.13-18.(

1. Elizabeth Anscombe

2. Anscombe, G. E. M. (1958). Modern Moral Philosophy. Philosophy 33

(124):1-19.

3. right

4. wrong

5. moral oughts

6. Alasdair MacIntyre

7. Philippa Foot

8. Rosalind Hursthouse

9. John McDowell

10. Michael Slote

11. Christine Swanton

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46 - 14 1394

) (

)(

1 .

2

. 3

.

4 1980

5

.

6

7

8

9

)Zagzebski, 1998, pp.1-2( .

.

1. knower

2. reliabilism theories

3. Alvin Goldman

4. Ernest Sosa

5. intellectual virtue

6. John Greco

7. Lorraine Code

8. James Montmarquet.

9. Linda T. Zagzebski.

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: / 47

)Axtell, 2000, pp.xiv-xix .(

.

.

.

)Sosa, 1991, p.271.(1

.

) (

2 .

3

1.

. virtue

. (Zagzebski, 2000, p. 207).

2. critical thinking

.3 :1 (

2 ( )

( ) (

3 ( .

. (Battaly, 2014, pp. 181-

182; Marcum, 2012, pp. 49-51)

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48 - 14 1394

.

.

1

2

3

4 .

5

6

7

8

9 .

.

.

10

)Battaly, 2014, p.181 .(

.

.

) (

1. motivation

2. emotion

3. action

4. perception

5. open mindedness

6. intellectual courage

7. intellectual carefulness

8. intellectual fairness

9. intellectual humility

10. good epistemic motivation

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: / 49

.

)Zagzebski, 1996, pp.3-29 .(

1 .

.

-1 -

2 -

-3

. -

4

)Zagzebski, 1996,

pp.78-84 .( -

-

.

1-1.

.

1. good-based

2. agent-based

3. motivation-based

4. eudaimonia

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50 - 14 1394

.

.

.

.

)Zagzebski, 1996, pp.84-88 .(

:

1

] [

.2

3

4

5

)Zagzebski, 1996, p.89 .(

11

.

1. excellence

2. qualities

3. wisdom

4. courage

5. benevolence

6. justice

7. honesty

8. loyalty

9. integrity

10. generosity

11. character trait

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: / 51

.

.1

2

3

.

2-1.

.

.

:

.

.

.

.1

) :1 ( :

)2 ( :

)3 ( :

) 1374 408-413.(

)2 ( )3 ( .

2. natural faculty

3. skill

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52 - 14 1394

.

) 1385

1103 53.(

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

)

(

)Zagzebski, 1996, p.105.(

3-1.

:

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: / 53

.

) 1385 1103 53 .(

.

)Annas, 2007, p.16.(1

:

) 1385 1105 60.(

.

1 . :1 (

(poi sis)

(praxis 2 (

3 (

4 ( ) (

. (Annas, 1993, p. 68).

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54 - 14 1394

.

.

)Zagzebski,

1996, p.129 .(

.

.

)Zagzebski, 1996, pp.112-113 .(

.

)Zagzebski, 1996, pp.115-116(. 1

1. . :1 (

2 (

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. 1

4-1.

.

. :

)Zagzebski, 1996, p.137.(

2

3

.

.

.

3 (

4 (

.

.1 .

2. Motivational component

3. component of reliability

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1

2 .

3

.

.

.

)Zagzebski, 1996, pp.166-177 .(

.

)Battaly,

2014, p.182 .(

4

5

. 6

)

(

.

.

1. Love of being

2. Love of truth

3. .

4. compassion

5. open mindness

6. acquired excellence

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: / 57

.

)Zagzebski, 1999, p.106 .(

.

) ( .

.

) ( ) 1392 140 -141 .(

.

. .

) ( .

)Zagzebski, 1996, p.182.(1

.1

. (Zagzebski,

1996, pp. 123-125)

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58 - 14 1394

.

.

.

.

.

.

1 .

.

)Montmarquet, 1993, pp.20-30.(2

:

1. Truth-desiring person

2 :1 (

.

.2 (

.3 (

.

.(Zagzebski, 1996, pp. 184-197)

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: / 59

.

)Zagzebski,

1996, p.185 .(

.

5-1.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

)Zagzebski, 1996, p.209.(

6-1. -

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.

-

.

.

:

)Zagzebski,1996, p.235 .(

.

.

.

.

.

2 .

:

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: / 61

1

2 . 1963

3

.

:

) ( ) (

S p p q S q

p q s q .

) (

) 1374 321-326.(

.

.

.

.

)Baehr, 2009, p.42.(

4

1. Gettier Problem

2. Value problem

3. True Justified Belief

4.

. :

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62 - 14 1394

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

-

)Zagzebski,

Sosa, Ernest. 2003. “The Place of Truth in Epistemology”. In: DePaul and

Zagzebski 2003: pp. 155-80.

Riggs, Wayne. 2002. “Reliability and the Value of Knowledge,”

Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 64: pp. 79-96.

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: / 63

2003, pp.13-15.(1

.

.2 :

)Zagzebski,

1996, pp.270-271(.

.

-

.

)output ( -

. (Zagzebski, 2003, p. 14)

2

.

.

) :1 ( )2 (

)3 (

)4 (

)5 (

.

.

. (Zagzebski, 1996, pp. 137-158)

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64 - 14 1394

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

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: / 65

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

:

A

A A

A

)Zagzebski, 1996, p.270 .(

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66 - 14 1394

.

.

.

.

1-2.

.

) .Zagzebski,

1994, pp.65-66 .(

) (

)Zagzebski, 1996, pp.283-284 .(

)1 ( )2 ( )3 (

. )2 (

.

)Baehr, 2011, p.35 .(

.

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: / 67

)Battaly, 2008, pp.653-654. (

2-2.

.

) 1392 .257 .(

.

. ) (

) (

.

.

.

.

/ .

.

.

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68 - 14 1394

)Zagzebski, 2003, pp.17-19.(

3 .

.

.

.

1-3.

.1

.

.

.

.

.

)Zagzebski, 1996, pp.66.(

1. Doxastic voluntarism

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1 . .

2

. 3

.

.

. .

4

.

.

.

5

.

.

.

. 6

.

.

.

)Feldman, 2000, pp.670-671 .(

1. William P. Alston.

2. voluntary control

3. basic voluntary control

4. nonbasic immediate voluntary control

5. long range voluntary control

6. indirect voluntary influence

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.

)Alston, 2000,

p.187.(

.

.

) (

)Zagzebski, 2000, p.211.(

2-3.

.

. 1

2

3

4

.

.

.

1. Robert C. Roberts

2. W. Jay Wood

3. Jason Baehr

4 .Heather D. Battaly

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.

.

: .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

)Battaly, 2008, p.654).

.

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) 1392

213 .(

.

.

.

.

.

.

1

1. reliable belief-producing process

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1

2

(Roberts & Wood, 2007, p. 14)

.

.

.

)Annas, 2007, pp.29-30 .(

1. produced reliably

2. proper function theory

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74 - 14 1394

3-3.

.

.

.

.

)Greco, 2000, p.182; Dougherty, 2011, pp.73-86(.

.

.

) 1392 215 .(

1 .

1. reflective awareness

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: / 75

) ( .1

)J.

Baehr 2014, 134 .(

4 .

.

.

.

.

.

.

1

) 1392 263(

.

(Zagzebski, 1999, p. 112)

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.

.

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)1385( .

)1374(

3-4 405-416.

)1392( .

)1374( » «

)7-8( 321-326.

)1389( :

.

)1387( » . «

99-126.

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