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A Study of Thought Control and School Life in Public Elementary Schools During the Japanese Colonial Period in Chiayi, Taiwan
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Daniel
2008 5 25
ATLAS.ti
- i -
- ii -
A Study of Thought Control and School Life in Public
Elementary Schools During the Japanese Colonial Period
in Chiayi, Taiwan
Yuan-Long Tsai
Graduate Institute of Elementary and Secondary Education
National Chiayi University
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate thought control and school life in
public elementary schools during Japanese colonial period in Chiayi, Taiwan. The
study first divides the Japanese colonial period into a non-assimilative period, an
assimilative period, and the Kominka period. It then adopts the oral history of
seventeen public elementary school teachers as the primary sources of datum, assisted
by written documents of the times. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis software
ATLAS.ti is used for coding, categorization, and management of datum. The study
reports the following conclusions:
1. There were many more teachers of Japanese nationality than Taiwanese nationality
during the two periods, but female teachers of Taiwanese nationality increased
towards the end of the Second World War. Because of Japanese teachers more
advanced Japanese-language ability, typically teachers of Japanese nationality
served posts in higher grades, while teachers of Taiwanese nationality served posts
- iii -
in lower grades. Implementation of widespread use of the Japanese language
beyond school grounds was incomplete, largely because teachers of Taiwanese
nationalities and Taiwanese children spoke Taiwanese in the home.
2. With regards to curriculum and instruction, very few of the surveyed parties felt
militarism was heavily represented in the curriculum content, and these were only
during the Kominka period. Teaching methods during the assimilative period were
centered on rote learning, but became more integrated during the Kominka period.
3. Unlike other areas, Chiayi county had no statues on campuses to represent
ideologies. Only Chengwen Elementary School and Tatung Elementary School
had school anthems during the latter two periods. However, patriotism was
obvious during both periods. Toward the end of the Kominka period, teachers
and students were required to wear national uniforms and to sing military songs
in order to recognize the Japans dire situation.
4. Jin-ja rituals and ideologies were prevalent during the latter two periods until
American planes bombed Taiwan.
5. Both Japanese and Taiwanese teachers loved the Taiwanese students, but some
teachers of Taiwanese nationality resisted Japanese hegemony with armed love
through hidden protest, living on a razors edge. In contrast, teachers of Japanese
nationality searched for emotional and psychological reinforcement.
Key wordsAssimilative Period, Kominka Period, Oral History, Jin-Ja, Armed Love, Hidden Protest
- iv -
v
iii
v
ix
1
1
3
4
5
7
7
12
23
29
29
33
35
42
- v -
47
47
50
61
75
75
76
121
136
143
151
151
158
197
227
230
243
247
247
- vi -
258
262
262
265
3-1 265
3-2 266
3-3 267
3-4 268
3-5 269
3-6 273
3-7 280
3-8 281
4-1 282
4-2 282
4-3
283
4-4 284
4-5 284
4-6 285
- vii -
4-7 286
4-8 287
4-9 6 288
4-10 4 290
4-11 8 290
4-12 293
5-1 1-12 289
6-1 294
6-2 296
6-3 297
6-4 298
6-5 300
8-1 302
8-2 303
- viii -
- ix -
2-1 26
3-1 31
3-2 31
4-1 51
5-1 129
- 1 -
1927
1975 1939 1999
2005 1978 1943
1979
2002
2003 1992 1983 1993
1987 1988
1986 1990 1997a20012002a
2002b 1994 1996 1979 2008
19932006b 1996
2000 ideology
- 2 -
1986 1990 1997a
2001 2002a 2002b 1996 1979
1993 2006b 1996
oral history
2005
2007 2008
- 3 -
1919-1936
1937-1945
1919-1936
1937-1945
1919-1936 1937-1945
- 4 -
1935b 1937 1939
1898
31 10 1 7 28
- 5 -
1939 1941 2 29 3
26
4 1
1943
1978
1 2
3
4
112
1979 1946
1 1941 2 3 4
- 6 -
1980
1895-1918
external cri t icism internal cr i t icism
1919-1936 1937-1945
- 7 -
state colony
correspondence
symbolic violence
Harker, Mahar, & Wilkes, 1990
1919-1936 1937-1945
state apparatuses
- 8 -
1917 Vladimir Lenin 1870-1924
The State and Revolution
1949 7
Louis Althusser 1918-1990
1990Althusser
1990
Althusser Karl Marx 1818-1883
Althusser
repressive stateapparatuses
Marx
ideological state apparatuses Althusser
Marx
marxism
2003 Althusser
- 9 -
Althusser
Althusser
1990
2007
1937
1989
Althusser
5 6
1990
5 Al thusser
1990
6 Al thusser 1990
- 10 -
Althusser
Althusser
1990 Althusser
Antonio Gramsci 1891-1937 Gramsci
7 2004
Althusser
1990 Althusser
7 Marx Georg Hegel 1770-1831
Hegel Hegel 2005
- 11 -
2000
2006
Young, 1971 Althusser Lenin
2003
2003
2004
1898 31
Apple, 1990
- 12 -
1999
2002
hidden curriculum
2004 1914
3
1943
Apple, 1990
Bowles Gintis
- 13 -
1989 347
track
2004
1996
2002
1996
- 14 -
Dahrendorf 1969
2002
AronowitzGiroux 1987
transformative intellectuals
crit ical intellectuals accommodating
intellectuals hegemonic intellectuals
Giroux 1988
2004
2005 Freire
Pedagogy of the oppressed
Freire 1973
- 15 -
Freire
2006 .
1991 1992
1994 1996 1996
1997 1997
Freire 1998
social f ields
- 16 -
Anderson 1996
anti-intellectual orientation
2005
euphemistic
Giroux
- 17 -
2004
1988 93
Scott 1990
everyday forms of resistance
2000
- 18 -
1997 124
2002 Giroux
1995
1991
1992 1994 1996
1997 1996 1997
2005
- 19 -
1995 77
1996 84-85
- 20 -
1996 153
Gandhi
2000
1996 74
- 21 -
1996 13
1992 16-17
Kanpol Anyon
2004
- 22 -
1996
59-60
1996 11
,
- 23 -
1996 70
1927
1927
1895-1898 1898-1907
1907-1919 1919-1922
- 24 -
1922-1930 1939
1898-1919 1922-1941
1943 1941
1898-1919 1922-1937
1937-1941 Tsurumi
1895-1907
1907-1919 1919-1922 1922-1945
1999
1983
1895-1919 1919-1937
1937-1945 1983
1895-1907
1907-1919 1919-1922
1922-1941 1941-1945
1988
1895-1919 1919-1937
1937-1945 1987
1895-1919
1919-1937 1937-1945 1990
- 25 -
1895-1919 1919-1937
1937-1945 1992
(1895-1898 )
1918-1937 1937-1945
1993
1895-1919
1919-1937
1937-1945
2002
1895-1914 1914-1921
1922-1931 1931-1945
2002
1895-1919
1919-1937 1937-1945
2003 1988
1895-1919
1919-1937 1937-1945
2005
1895-1919
1919-1937 1937-1945
- 26 -
2-1
2-1
1898
1907
1919
1922
1931
1937
1941
1945
1895-1898
1898-1907
1907-1919
1919-1922
1922-1930
1930- 1937
1937-1941
1941-1945
1927
1939
1943
1977 Tsurumi
1983
1983
1988
1987
1990
1992
- 27 -
1993
2002
2002
2003
2005
1895-1919
2-1
1895-1907
1910-1919 8
2004
2005b 2006
1895-1918
8 1910 43 12 24 1
2005a 151
- 28 -
2005a
2006 2005
2003
1919-1936
1937-1945
1985 56
1895-1918 1919 8
1919-1936
1937-1945
- 29 -
2005
context
document analysis
1997
voice
1996
- 30 -
1919-1945 snowball
sampling 1919-1945
1997 Ritchi
1997
3-1 3-2
- 31 -
3-1 9
/
84
1944-1945
/
81 1945-1945
/
83 1943-1945
/
85 1943-1945
/
83 1944-1945
/
85
1943-1945
/
91
1941-1945
/
85 1943-1945
/
3-2
/
96 1921-1926
/
9
3-1
- 32 -
/
88 1929-1934
/
89 1928-1933
/
78
1940-1942 (
/
83 1935-1940
38 ( ) /
73 1943-1945
/
83 1933-1938
/
84
1932-1937
/
81 1935-1940
/
85
1931-1937
2
/
85 1932-1938 1
)
/
84 1931-1936
- 33 -
/
81 1934-1936
( )
/
73 1943-1945
/
2006
external cri t icism
internal cri t icism
Ritchie
interviewer interviewee
199734 Ritchie
- 34 -
3-2
3-3 3-4
1 0
3-5
1 0
- 35 -
3-6
1996
2003
2001
- 36 -
2001
ATLAS.ti 5.0
3-3
ATLAS.ti 5.0
- 37 -
ATLAS.ti 5.0
AB
CD
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-1-1
B-1-2
3-7
ATLAS.ti 5.0
C-1-1
- 38 -
C 1
1
C-1-1
ATLAS.ti 5.0
ATLAS.ti 5.0
1996
ATLAS.ti 5.0
- 39 -
2000
1993
1979 273
1979 Shafer 1990
1979
- 40 -
Shafer
1990
1999 39
- 41 -
1990
1997b 12
1922
11 1930-1932 4
6
- 42 -
document
2003 tr iangulation
LincolnGuba 1985 credibli ty
transferabil i ty confirmabil i ty
dependabili ty
3-8
- 43 -
Lincoln Guba 1985
reflexive journal
- 44 -
member check
C-3-1
Patton
1995
- 45 -
2000
D-4-1
- 46 -
- 47 -
1895-1918
1895 28
1999 1837-1922
1848-1913 1849-1912
1999
1896
591
315 1897 474 1896
263 1992
- 48 -
1983 1895 28 1919
8
2005
2002
1978
1857-1920
1999 1-2
- 49 -
2002
1 1
2005b
20061895
28 4
2005b
1927 2003
1 1
2000
- 50 -
1927
1943
1895-1918
1896
29 1898 31
1895-1918
- 51 -
1895 28 10 22
1939 1896 29 3 31
1938 5 21
4-1
4-1
7 8 12 12 9 7 21 3 24 9 16 35 48 83 11 21 72 58 130 8 20 40 23 63 10 1 35 35 9 10 35 40 75 9 1 23 20 43 9 11 16 13 29 9 1 21 27 48 9 1 1 1 9 1 56 9 65 9 1 9 16 25 9 10 8 19 27 9 10 33 18 51
1938 60-65
1932 1896 29 5 21
1936
- 52 -
2005a
1896 29 9
1927
1936
1896 29 3 31
1938
1 2
1896 29 6 22
1943
4-1
4-2
1939
1 2
- 53 -
4-3
2005b
1936
1896 29 9
1938
1897 30 7 21
1938 1.
2.
2005a
1897 30 10 31
1938
- 54 -
4-4
1901
1897 30 10 16
1939198
4-5 1898 31 7 28
10 1 1939
1905 38
3
2005a
1897 30 3 2
8 1939 1897
30 4 22
1897 30
- 55 -
2005a
1898 31 8 10
1927
4-6
acculturation
1901 103
1901 1989 31 10
1 1917
6 4 1
1919 8
4 2
1919 8
- 56 -
1997 108
culture capital
1898 31 11 6
1939
4-7
1900
33 8
1904
37 3 11
1927 4-8
2005
- 57 -
1905 38
1907 40 2 26
4-9 4-10 4-11 1939
1910 43 12 24
2005a
1912 1
20
11 28
4-12
1898 31
- 58 -
1979
1939 1911
44
1939
2005a
1918
7 3 31
1939
1927
1943
- 59 -
1895-1918 1914
3 4 1
1943
1896
29 9
1938
1937
1978
2006
social mobili ty
1898 31
Tsurumi 1999
- 60 -
1893-1986
1982
15-16
1895-1918
1999
1999
1895-1918
- 61 -
1895-1918
1895-1919
2004
1998
2004
- 62 -
1890 23
1919 8
1922 11
Althusser 1972
1890
23 10 30
- 63 -
1931
1
2006a
1921 10 5 5
1932
2004
2004
1916 5
11
1939 2006a
- 64 -
1919-1936
1921-1934
1928-1933
2002a 12
2007
1997 370-371
- 65 -
2005
1943
2005 2007
2004 76-77
- 66 -
1943 1911
2004
1997 108
1997 108
2004
- 67 -
1 3
1910
2001
1939
1905 38
1 3 1603-1867
1936
- 68 -
1932 37-38
1906 39
1937
1999
2001
1915 4 9 15
1.
2. 3.
1937
- 69 -
1988 11
1986
modality
discourse
2006
11 3
2007
2006
2006a 1912 11 28
- 70 -
1939 302-303
1895-1918
1895-1918
1919-1936
1937-1945
Memmi 1965
- 71 -
1930
2004
2004
1916
2006 148
1932
- 72 -
1932 270
1937 248
1938 107
2004
- 73 -
2004
1936 15
1984
2004
1915 4 10
28 1 4 1936
1 4
- 74 -
1895-1918
1919-1936
- 75 -
1919-1936
1919-1936
1919 8 1937 12
2005
1929
2004
- 76 -
1919 8
2005b
1920 9
2004
2002
1919 8
1922 11
1919-1936
- 77 -
1997 102
C-3-1
- 78 -
C-1-1
B-3-1
D-2-1
1935 12
C-3-1
C-2-1
- 79 -
Warnier
2003 25
1895-1918
D-6-1
()
- 80 -
D-1-1
C-3-1
B-3-1
- 81 -
D-4-1
1939 53
D-4-1
- 82 -
B-4-1
B-3-1
D-6-1
- 83 -
D-4-1
D-2-1
1919-1936
B-3-1
(
)()
D-4-1
1919-1936
- 84 -
D-6-1
B-3-1
D-6-1
D-1-1
- 85 -
B-3-1
B-2-1
1919 8 1 4
4 1
19271923-1936
12 - 11
1 5 1996
1 5
1996
- 86 -
1996 Tsurumi
hidden curriculum
1999
1931
major conveyor
1998
1 6 1996
1923-1937
5-1 Tsurumi
Tsurumi
1999
1956 2003a
1 7
1 6 1996
1901-1913 1913-1923 1923-1937 1937-1941 1941-1945
1 7
- 87 -
D-4-1
B-1-1
- 88 -
B-2-1
B-4-1
B-3-1
D-6-1
1997 117
- 89 -
2001
Apple, 1990Jackson, 1968 spiral
curriculum
2001 1979
2001
1 8
code
1895-1918
B-1-1
1 8
1956
- 90 -
B-4-1
D-2-1
D-1-1
C-1-1
Vygotsky
2003
- 91 -
D-6-1
2003
1922 10
1938
1922a
- 92 -
2003b
1922b
()()
D-6-1
B-3-1
- 93 -
D-2-1
1922 10
2003b
1920 9
2005
B-1-1
- 94 -
D-1-1
D-6-1
()
D-6-1
D-1-1
- 95 -
()
B-4-1
prior knowledge
1978
- 96 -
1996 32
2005
D-6-1
2005
1937-1945
- 97 -
2004
2004
1919-1936
1 9
1997
1999
1 9
1943 1945 1937-1945
- 98 -
B-3-1
B-3-1
D-6-1
1923 11 5 16
2005
1919 8
- 99 -
1978
1967
1929
2004
1930
2005b
1930
1919 8 1922 11
2005b
- 100 -
2005a
427
1939
2007
1920 9
1921 10 4
- 101 -
1919-1936
1919-1936
B-1-1
D-4-1
- 102 -
D-6-1
D-4-1
()
- 103 -
D-4-1
()
D-4-1
- 104 -
()
D-2-1
1919-1936 1937-1945
- 105 -
10
D-4-1
1919-1936
1937-1945
2007
1994
2004
2005 1919-1936
- 106 -
1999 39
2004 12
2 0
2 0
16 1941 16
- 107 -
1994 2004
2005
B-2-1
- 108 -
B-3-1
2005
() B-3-1
- 109 -
(
)
D-6-1
D-6-1
2004
- 110 -
D-6-1
1937-1945
1919-1936
B-2-1
D-6-1
- 111 -
()
B-3-1
1919 8
2005
2004 1930
3-6
1925
1933
1917
1923
1997 108
1921-1926
D-6-1
- 112 -
1994 581931-1935
D-1-1
1931-1936
B-3-1
1919 8
1933 1934
- 113 -
(
)
D-1-1
1997 82
- 114 -
D-6-1
1.
1921 10 12 23
1928
1930 5 9
1. 2.
- 115 -
3.
4.
5. 1939
D-6-1
2 1
1936 15
2 1
- 116 -
D-6-1
1936
1939
1937-1945
2.
- 117 -
1915 4 6 17
1955
1925 14 6
1929 4 3
1955
A-1-1
1932 6 9 1
1932 6 10 1 1934
8 10 16 1936
2 2 2 3
1932 1935a 1936
2 2 2 3 1933 7 10 30
1936
- 118 -
1936
B-3-1
A-1-1
B-2-1
- 119 -
B-2-1
1999
1933 8
1937-1945
1919-1936
1996
- 120 -
1925 14
1926 1926 15
1936 11
1895-1918
1919
8
- 121 -
1919-1936
1919-1936
1895-1918 1912
11 28
1819-1936
- 122 -
D-2-1
B-3-1
1943
D-6-1
2007
- 123 -
2004
2004 1937
()
C-1-1
()
D-2-1
B-1-1
- 124 -
2 4
B-3-1
1921-1926
D-6-1 1929-1934
()()
()
()
()
B-2-1
1919-1936
2 4
- 125 -
B-2-1
1919-1936
2006a
()
B-2-1
()
- 126 -
D-6-1
B-3-1
(
) ()
(
)()
( )
D-6-1
- 127 -
B-1-1
1919 1900
2006
(
)
()
- 128 -
D-6-1
2006a
2007
D-4-1
2 5
2 5
- 129 -
2005
2006
2007
B-3-1
D-1-1
D-6-1
2007
5-1
5-1
1 1
2 11
- 130 -
11 3 10 31 4 29
11 3 6 17
20 53
2007 110
()
B-4-1
D-6-1
10 11
10 11
2004
- 131 -
D-4-1
10D-4-1
2006
- 132 -
B-1-1
D-6-1
B-3-1
- 133 -
B-4-1
2004 2004
2004
D-6-1
B-3-1
- 134 -
2004
2004 1919-1936
1931 6 10 26 29 28
9
2004
B-4-1
- 135 -
1978
2004
1934 9 10 2628 1934
9 10 27 28
27 28 7
2004
D-6-1
1919 -1936
- 136 -
1919-1936
2004
B-1-1
- 137 -
B-1-1
2003
1920
1921-1926
D-6-1 1929-1934
B-2-1
- 138 -
1928 1939
1988 1940
1939-1940
2 6
1935 1939 1920
2005 7 8
GO 2 7 2006 4 14 2 8
1928 3
2004 1999
2 6 1940-1943
1936
2 7 2005 2008 2 29 ht tp : / /140.111 .34 .116/o ld /149/school .h tm
2 8 2006 2008 2 29 ht tp : / / educat ion . f tv.com. tw/conten t .php? id=98
- 139 -
D-6-1
D-4-1
1998
1928 3
2004
- 140 -
1969
A-1-1
2004
1923 3
1945 3
1919-1936
- 141 -
2004 16
1917 6
1988 6
D-2-1
- 142 -
1998 81
D-6-1
2005
- 143 -
1919-1936
1919-1936
Freire 1998
armed love
2002
- 144 -
B-2-1
culture capital
B-2-1
2001
- 145 -
1919-1936
- 146 -
non-physical rewards
B-2-1
1999 104
110
- 147 -
2005 205
1996 191
- 148 -
B-2-1
B-4-1
- 149 -
1997 117
B-2-1
1937-1945
- 150 -
- 151 -
1937-1945
1940 15 1883-1970
1993 1942 1941
16 4 2 9
2 9 1940 15
2006b
- 152 -
2005a
1944
2005
2006b
2005a
1943
1942
1937
3 0
3 0 Binns , P. & Clemmow, R. Producer, Moore , S . Direc tor. 2005. Japans war
in co lour [Mot ion p ic ture] . Uni ted Sta tes : TWI/Car l ton Product ion .
- 153 -
2005
3 1 1940 15
1940
1940
1907-2000
2005 9
Albert Bandura
1925- 2003
3 1
1940
- 154 -
1939 53
2006
1940
2004
1978
1934
9 5 1937
12 4
1997
1937
12 2
- 155 -
2002c
2 21 6 17
1942 172
11
50 1942
1997
2006b
1997 25
- 156 -
social mobili ty
1997 2006b 1983 2002c
1905 28
1926 1
3 2 1930 5
2006b
1967 2004
3 2
2006b
- 157 -
1997
1940 15 2
11 2600
1940
2005
18 194026
1940
1940
3 3 3 4
3 3 2007 10 23 ht tp : / /zh .wik ipedia .org /
wiki /%E6%9E%97%E9%87%91%E7%94%9F 3 4 2007 10 23 ht tp : / /m2.ssps
. tpc .edu . tw/~sun/1-1 .h tm
- 158 -
1997
1907-2000
1947
2005 6
1944 19 1
2006b 1944
19 9
2000
1937-1945
- 159 -
1937-1945
1919-1936
1942 17 1943 18
()
()
()D-5-1
C-5-1 1942
- 160 -
17 4 1
D-3-1
B-2-1
1943
C-7-1
D-1-1
- 161 -
C-3-1
C-6-1
1997 111
- 162 -
2000 193-194
C-2-1
D-3-1
()C-3-1
1937-1945
1937 12 1 15
B-2-1
C-1-1
1919-1936
- 163 -
A-1-1
A-1-1
()()
A-1-1
3 5
A-1-1
B-3-1
1937-1945
3 5
- 164 -
D-5-1
()
C-6-1
A-1-1
- 165 -
192033
A-1-1
Scott 1990
- 166 -
C-1-1
A-1-1
C-2-1
A-1-1
C-1-1
A-1-1
A-1-1
1937 12 7 7
1 15
- 167 -
1939388
1941 16 2 29 3 26
4 1 1943
1978
3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0
1991
6-1 6-2
6-3 6-4 6-5
2005a
1943
3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0
- 168 -
2003
1941 16 4 1
2006 1943 18 3 23
1943 1943 18 4 1
3 23
1943
2005b
1986
- 169 -
1943 18 3 23
1940 13
2006
1986
2001 24
- 170 -
1943
15
2006b 17
2002b 1943
1942 4
2002a
1986
EQEQB-1-1
2004 16
- 171 -
(B-1-1)
()
D-5-1
B-1-1
1996
- 172 -
2003
1996
1996
4 1
C-1-1
A-1-1
C-2-1
A-1-1
B-3-1
4 1
1996
- 173 -
C-5-2
C-6-1
1919-1936
1937-1945
2003
1943 18
- 174 -
C-7-1
()(
)()A-1-1
( )
C-2-1
- 175 -
(
)
C-1-1
( )
A-1-1
1937 12
- 176 -
4 2
1978
C-1-1
C-2-1
A-1-1
( )
4 2
- 177 -
A-1-1
1999 1941 16
1994
1941 16
- 178 -
1997 116
1937 12
2004
- 179 -
B-1-1
1919-1936
1919-1936
1937-1945
2004 114
- 180 -
C-1-1
C-1-1
12
C-5-1
- 181 -
()
C-1-1
2006b
()
C-1-1
B-1-1
B-1-1
B-1-1
B-1-1
- 182 -
B-1-1
B-1-1
B-1-1
1941 16
A-1-1
- 183 -
2001 24-25
20
C-3-1
- 184 -
1937-1945
C-2-1
A-1-1
193914
194217
C-6-2
A-1-1
B-2-1
- 185 -
2004
2005 1919-1936
2004 12
1937-1945
4 3
A-1-1
4 3
- 186 -
D-1-1
()
C-3-1
C-1-1
C-1-1
- 187 -
A-1-1
C-1-1
1937-1945
1919-1936
A-1-1
- 188 -
()
D-1-1
()
C-5-1
D-1-1
1940 15
1943
- 189 -
1997108
1943
1945
C-6-1
2004133
C-3-1
2005 1940
- 190 -
()
()
B-1-1
2001 24
B-1-1 ()
D-1-1
B-1-1
B-3-1
()
C-3-1
- 191 -
2005
2004 4 4
4 5 4 6 2005
D-1-1
B-3-1
1930
2001
4 4 4 5 4 6
- 192 -
1937
12 9
1998
1. 2.
3. 4.
1938
1939 14
1940
1941 16 1
12 30
1942 2 26
1942
- 193 -
2001 57
2001
- 194 -
D-5-1
1936 1945
2001 24
C-5-2
- 195 -
2001 24
1937-1945
A-1-1
1937-1945
1942
17 1943 18
1.
- 196 -
2.
1941 16
1937-1945
1937-1945
1940
15 1943
- 197 -
1937-1945
1937-1945
1937-1945
4 7
2004 1943
18
1937 1942
1937-1945
A-1-1
4 7 1939 14 10 24 ( )
2004
- 198 -
C-2-1
1937-1945
1937-1945
(
)
C-3-1
A-1-1
A-1-1
- 199 -
1941
2007
2007
1944
1919-1936
A-1-1
A-1-1
- 200 -
2004 1919-1936
1940
B-2-1
B-2-1
A-1-1
- 201 -
A-1-1
1940 15
B-2-1
1940
C-6-1
B-2-1
A-1-1
A-1-1
D-5-1
- 202 -
C-3-1
C-1-1
B-2-1
- 203 -
()
()
D-3-1
(
)
( )
C-3-1
- 204 -
C-2-1
B-2-1
2006a
1990
1919-1936 1937-1945
- 205 -
4 8
1997
(A-1-1)
(A-1-1)
4 8 2007
- 206 -
C-5-1
1937-1945
C-5-1
2004
D-3-1
C-1-1
- 207 -
2007 647
B-1-1
- 208 -
C-2-1
C-1-1
2002b
2004 1942
1992
B-2-1
- 209 -
B-3-1
2006b
1937 12
1937a
1937b
1997 85
1938 13 6 28
- 210 -
/ /
1997 87
1919-1936
1937 12
1997 40
1992
1936 11
1937 12 1941
16
- 211 -
1988 93
A-1-1
1937 12
C-2-1
2004
- 212 -
1940 15
D-5-1
C-1-1
(B-2-1)
- 213 -
2001 1942 17 1 18
1942 17 12
24
2004
1944 19
A-1-1
A-1-1
1937-1945
1 3 1 5 2 20
4 3 4 29 10 17
11 3 11 23 12 25
1942
1931
1986 1942 17
- 214 -
2004
12 27 28
2004
B-3-1 10
30C-1-1
1028
C-5-1
(
- 215 -
)
( )
B-2-1
4 9
C-1-1
10 28
4 9
- 216 -
1997 176
()
(
)
()
C-5-1
B-2-1
- 217 -
1937 12
2004 1933 8
B-4-1
1937 12
B-3-1
2002
- 218 -
C-7-1
B-3-1
A-1-1
2002
2002
- 219 -
2002
1992
2003
1997b 25
1997
279
- 220 -
2004
1997
1997
335
1997 442
1979
1997b 20
1997 174
- 221 -
1983
2001 24
- 222 -
B-4-1
D-3-1
C-1-1
- 223 -
D-7-1
()
D-3-1
- 224 -
2007 1
B-3-1
C-6-2
- 225 -
C-7-1
2002
C-7-1
- 226 -
A-1-1
A-1-1
C-3-1
()
A-1-1
- 227 -
1937-1945
2005
1940
15 2600 2600
2600
1919-1936
2600
2006b
A-1-1
- 228 -
A-1-1
A-1-1
C-1-1
C-6-1
B-2-1
D-1-1
2600
1937-1945
- 229 -
C-5-1
D-3-1
1937
1998
C-5-1
- 230 -
B-2-1
1998
2600
1937-1945
1937-1945
- 231 -
1943
1997
1919-1936
govermet contempt Freire,
1998
Freire
- 232 -
C-3-1
emancipation
Anyon 1981
Giroux 1988
- 233 -
Freire
C-3-1
A-1-1
- 234 -
C-1-1
2002
- 235 -
5 0
C-3-15 1
()
()
A-1-1
5 0 5 1
- 236 -
()
()
C-3-1 5 2
C-3-1 A-1-1
C-1-1
5 2
- 237 -
A-1-1
B-1-1
()
A-1-1
- 238 -
()
()
A-1-1
A-1-1
A-1-1
()
()A-1-1
A-1-1
- 239 -
(
)
C-3-1
A-1-1
1919-1936
- 240 -
2001 23-24
D-3-1
C-6-1
1997 110
- 241 -
- 242 -
2002a 19962003 1996
2006b
1941 16
- 243 -
1940
- 244 -
- 245 -
- 246 -
1992
1978 27 3 1-102
2002
10 131-158
2005
1991
1992
1994
1995
1996
1999
1955
1997
2006 2008
2 29 http:/ /education.ftv.com.tw/content.php?id=98
2003 6 164-171
1996
249-269
1997 19371945
- 247 -
1980
1986 36 4 47-88
1993 1
301-328
1983
8
2000
12 20-26
2005 400
258-288
2003 Vygotsky
105-158
2004
38 1 1-24
1998
1998
1983
2005a
- 248 -
2005b
1990
1997
1979
1982
2006
4 62-83
1978
79-92
1997a
4 2 7-53
1997b
2001
8 2 1-63
2002a
1-12
2002b
13-31
2002c
- 249 -
77-125
2003a
59-77
2003b
10 1 33-84
2007
2004 1 63-67
1996
2005
/ / /
1992 1895-1945
2003
2004
2005
29 4-9
- 250 -
2006
16 109-128
2003
1999
2005 --
15 29-58
2002
48 2 157-198
2005 110
2007
2 3-14
1989
1984
2004
2004
1993
2005
- 251 -
1996
2002 103
88-100
2000
2001
16 225-285
1999
1996
2003
2000
1 25-58
2005
109-146
2005
27 6 111-113
2005 2008 2
29 http:/ /140.111.34.116/old/149/school.htm
2003
- 252 -
221-270
1996
27-45
2004
2001
14 141-162
2002
11 295-318
1994
1996
46 1 63-93
2003
2005
2002
48 4 27-52
2005
/
2002
1895-1987
1997
37-41
- 253 -
2003 1920~1970
2000
2004
2005
1992
2007 57 3
69-101
2007
2005
/
2006
1987
1985 1895-1915
23 1 56
2006
(1895-1937) 2881-119
1992
2005
- 254 -
2003
1996
2002
1997
30-36
2007 10 23
http:/ /m2.ssps.tpc.edu.tw/~sun/1-1.htm
1997
2001
1967
2000
2004
2007
2003 2008
2 4 http:/ /www.cabcy.gov.tw/alishan/m6-2.htm
1988
1999
1994 60
1927-1986
- 255 -
1991
2007 10 23 http:/ /zh.wikipe
dia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E9%87%91%E7%94%9F
2006
1-19
2004
5 50-83
1996
46 3 15-67
1979 12
87-111
1997
2003
2006
71 18-30
2007 1919-1941
59 1 74-81
2008
19 17 2008 1 4
80
1994
- 256 -
18 1-12
1997
1993
245-299
2001
12 141-153
2004
257-268
2006a 2
113-155
2006b
2005
43 2 215-226
1988
2004
3 1-2
2000 16
177-241
2007 58
4 103-143
2007
- 257 -
1994 :
7 299-378
2004
1936-1945 6 61-94
2005
1998 27 2
241-262
2000
45 113-137
1940 24224-27
1975
2
1936
1930
27-81 1930
1939
1943 282 1-11
1937
1938 11
- 258 -
1942
1979
1942 2363
1928
1937a 8 17 /
/
1937b 8 21 /
/ /
1943 5 281 106-127
1939
1943
1938 6 28 / /
1919
1931
1938 13
1944
1999
1943 16
1942
- 259 -
1901
1988
1932
1940 241 32-37
2004
1929
1993
1931
1927
1922a
240 15-25
1922b
241 7-10
2001 4
1939
1943
1988
1987
2004
1997
- 260 -
1996
1996
1938
1937
1937
1956
1990
1992
1972
1944 289
93-96
1942 26924-128
2006
2006
1940 246
2-19
2004
1993
1932
1935a
1935b
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1936
1937
1939
1926
1937
1941
1983
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3-1
1898 31
1900 33
1917 6
1919 8
1922 11
1922
1932 7
1933 8
1939 14
1941 16
1942 17
2007 139
- 265 -
3-2
- 266 -
3-3
- 267 -
3-4
1.
2.
3. . .
.
4. ( . )
( )
5.
6.
7. .
.
- 268 -
3-5
2007.11 .17
2007.11 .23
2007.11 .30
- 269 -
2007.12 .01
2007.12.02
2007.12 .13
- 270 -
2007.12.16
2008.01 .07
2008.01 .19
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( ) 2008.01.26
( ) 2008.01.28
2008.01.30
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2008.02.22
3-6
1
2
- 273 -
3
4
5 ( )
- 274 -
6
7
8
- 275 -
9
10
11
- 276 -
12
13
14 1925
- 277 -
15 1941
16 1933
17 1933
- 278 -
18 1938
19
20
- 279 -
3-7
A-1-1
2007.12 .15 1 22
B-1-1
2007.12 .15 58
B-2-1 2007.12 .16 2 42
B-3-1 2008.01 .26 55
B-4-1 2008.01 .28 35
C-1-1 2007.11 .17 1 30
C-2-1 2007.11 .23 32
C-3-1 2007.11 .30 58
C-4-1 2007.12 .19 18
C-5-1 2008.01 .07
C-5-2 2008.02 .29 22
C-6-1 2008.02 .23
C-6-2 2008.02 .24 15
C-7-1 2008.01 .30 22
D-1-1 2007.11 .23 47
D-2-1 2007.11 .30 25
D-3-1 2007.12 .01 28
D-4-1 2007.12 .02 1 40
D-5-1 2007.12 .13 46
D-6-1 2008.01 .19 1 12
D-7-1 2008.02 .04 15
- 280 -
3-8
________________ ( )
________________ ( )
- 281 -
4-1 5 3
18
16
18
16
34 34
1939 172
4-2 5 4
11
11
11
9
9
9
9
9
5 3 1 10 11 20 5 4
6
- 282 -
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
28 28 28 28
1939 172-173
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- 283 -
1939 208-209
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6
6
8
8
1939 197
4-5
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16
18 18
- 284 -
34 34
1939 197
4-6
1
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5
5
6
6
9
9
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12
12
12
12
12
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- 285 -
1939 232-233
4-7
1939 237-238
3
3
4
4
5
5
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2
28
25 27
27 30
30
1
1 1 1 1 1
2
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- 286 -
4-8
2
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10
13
14
14 14
14
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
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52
5
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52
2
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- 287 -
1939 271-272
4-9 6 5 5
5 5
2 1939 283
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3
3
-
- -
23
26
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28
2 8
28
2
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12
13
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14
- 288 -
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
52
52
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2
42
2
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3
3
4
4
1
1 1 1 1 1
-
- -
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26
2 8
28
2 8
28
- 289 -
1939 282-283
4-10 4 5 6
2 2 2 2
9
12
13
13
4
4
5
5
5
5
5 2
5 2
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
3
3
23 26 28 28 1939 283-284
4-11 8 5 7
5 6
5 7
- 290 -
2
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2 2
9
12
13
13
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9
9
4
4
5
5
5
5
4
4
- 291 -
5
5
5
5
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1 1
1 1
1
3
3
- 292 -
1939 285-286
4-12
2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 12 13 13 14 14
12 12 12 12 10 10 5-1 1-12
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
23
26
28
28
28
28
30
30
- 293 -
36-37 40-41
36-37 40-41
1996 15-67
6-1 5 8
5 8 1 . 2. 40
2
2
2
2
10
11
8
8
7
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1
1
- 294 -
1943 460-461
5
5
5
5
5
5
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2
2
6
6
6
6
5
6
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
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25
27
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- 295 -
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4
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4
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- 296 -
5
5
30 30
3 -5 3 -5
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1943 462-463
6-3 6 0
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2
2
2
2
13
15
12
11
7
7
2
2
1
2
2
3
1
3
1
5
5
5
5
5
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- 297 -
1943 463-465
6-4 6 1
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2. 2 3. 40
4
4
5
5
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
5 3
4 3
4 3
2
3
3
24
26
29
32
34
34
- 298 -
2 2
4 4
2 2
2 2
5
2
5
2
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2 2
6
4
6
4
1 1
3 3
5
5
30 30
- 299 -
3 -5 3 -5
33-35 33-35
1943 465-467
6-5 6 2
6 2 1 . 2. 40
2
2
2
2
13
15
12
11
8
8
2
2
1
2
2
3
1
3
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
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2
2
4 4
4
4
- 300 -
1943 467-469
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
5 3
4 3
4 3
2
3
3
24
26
29
3233
34 34
- 301 -
8-1
1920
1935 1939 2005
7 8 GO 2006 4 14
2004
- 302 -
8-2
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P10: A-1-1 .doc - 10:86 [
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P13: B-3-1 .doc - 13:13 [
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P20