Digital Map Data from Vehicle ProbesYuka GomiYgomi LLC August 7,
2001
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Vehicle Usage of Map DataEstablished usesVehicle navigation
using a CD, DVD or other mediaEmergency roadside
assistanceOff-board telematics servicesEmerging uses (this decade)
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)Traffic - aware dynamic
route guidanceSituational awareness for driver workloadEventual
uses (next decade)Active safety productsCollision avoidanceRoad
departure prevention
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ADAS Applications That Will Use Map DataAdaptive Cruise
ControlAdaptive Light ControlNight VisionTransmission Assistance
Intersection Collision WarningLane/Road Departure Detection and
WarningFront and Rear Collision WarningBraking and Stability
Control AssistanceIncrease Fuel Efficiency
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Digital Maps for ADASDigital maps will play a major role in
ADASComprehensive view of possible pathsView of desired path
according toProgrammed route from the navigation systemInference
from driver indicationsDriver intent input to sensorsKnowledge of
road conditions ahead
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What Map Data will BringPrediction CapabilityPreview of
up-coming curves beyond the drivers line of sightCurve shapeCurve
direction and radiusPotential maneuvers and decision making points
(e.g., intersections)Road characteristics and special
attributesRoad type (highway, highway ramp, local roads, etc.)Lane
number, width, and type, speed limit, road grade, etc.
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Situational Awareness (1)Database provides a picture of the road
ahead relative to vehicle locationBusy / dangerous intersections
Predicts lane changes & merges
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Situational Awareness (2)Map data provides a picture of the road
ahead to help understand the type of driving environment and level
of attention required by the driver currently and in the next
minute.Analysis and continuous monitoring of the vehicles
environment provides an understanding of what the driver is doing
and should be doing. This information provides priorities for
vehicle functions in situations where the driver might be surprised
or over his/her task management ability.What is the driver doing
besides driving (e.g., talking on the phone, receiving directions,
listening to the radio)?What are the conditions that the driver is
facing (e.g., wet pavement, rain, darkness, winding roads, hills,
fog)?What are the impending conditions that will be added to the
drivers workload (e.g., hidden intersection, stop and go traffic,
complex exit)?
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Situational Awareness (3)Map data and information from
monitoring the driving environment can be combined to dynamically
determineIs the driver in hectic stop and go traffic with many cars
cutting in and out of the lane or in a low pressure country road
driving the speed limit?Is the driver entering or exiting an
expressway or about to merge on a busy road?What is the driver
doing and how much more can she/he handle?Should an incoming
cellular call be held for a few seconds until the driver is through
the upcoming interchange merge?
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Situational Awareness (4)All on-board functions must interrelate
via the vehicle networkCommunication between functions is essential
for a comprehensive understanding of the road situation to
allowSimple human interfacesStraightforward request entryEasy to
use answersSafe human interfacesPrevent email use when the driver
is exceeding a safe speedDefer phone ringing as the driver is
negotiating an icy turnCareful integration of functions ensure that
the driver has attention capacity left to spend on safe
drivingResult is a situationally aware vehicleCan control demands
on the driverCan regulate the drivers use of information,
entertainment, telematics, phone, etc.
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What the Vehicle Sees
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Sample Of Predictive Map Capabilities
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Road Preview and Path Prediction (1)Map data enables vehicle
applications to preview the road aheadConfiguration of the road
(e.g., curvature and curve radius)Attributes along the road (e.g.,
speed limits)Future predicted position of the vehicle Map data and
centimeter accurate positioning allow vehicle applications toUse
upcoming road conditionsCalculate data relevant to vehicle
functionsOptimize performance in various road situations
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Road Preview and Path Prediction (2)Knowledge of the vehicles
current and near future situation can allow the vehicle to prevent
accidents:Intersection collision avoidanceForward collision
avoidanceLane departure preventionRoad departure prevention
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Technology TrendsMap data collection technology enhancements by
using probe data from vehicles Improved location accuracy and
reliability Improved reliability of data at a reduced costVehicle
technology enhancementsImproved sensing capabilitiesImproved vision
capabilities for extraction of accurate data from road scenes
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Data Feedback Loop for Updating
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Data Feedback LoopVehicles as probes leads toCurrent, highly
accurate dataIncreased reliabilityData that can be gold
platedVehicles as probes results in Continual improvement in data
reliability Increase in contentEvolution of dynamic data for active
safety functions
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Consortium ActivitiesNext Map (European Project) - Started
January 2000Project purpose is to evaluate the technical and
commercial feasibility of enhanced map data for safety
applications.Vehicle manufacturer partners: BMW, DaimlerChrysler,
Fiat, Jaguar, RenaultEnhanced Digital Map (EDMap) (USDOT sponsored
IVI Project) - Started April 2001Project purpose is to determine
safety application performance improvements and extensions using
enhanced map data. Vehicle manufacturer partners: DaimlerChrysler,
GM, Ford, Toyota
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ConclusionsUsage of map data is moving beyond navigation.ADAS
applications are part of this trend.Safety applications will
require a central map server for timely creation and delivery of
map and location based data updates.The need for up-to-date road
network data requires the use of vehicles as probes.Situational
awareness can provide data relevant to driver workload.Vehicle
manufacturers will have complete, accurate map data.
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The Vehicle Manufacturers Will KnowRoad usageCurrent
trafficPredictionsRoad geometry for every roadPrecision to a few
centimetersLane configurationRoad edgeShoulderRoad conditions for
every roadPavement statusDetailed by lane, shoulder,
edgeChangeFailures and damageSurface (icy, slippery) Micro
weatherTemperaturePrecipitationRoad furniture for every roadEvery
signSign removal
