ZASTITA ISKOPA SIPOVIMA

8/18/2019 ZASTITA ISKOPA SIPOVIMA

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The initial dates are in the picture below(Fig.9.8).The requirements are M max and Smin needed.

Step 1 a!tan"(#$%&'")!tan"(#$%#")!."1*p!tan"(#$+&'")!#.$99Step ", -1'!/1 a!(.1")(1)(."1*)!."0ip2t"3- "'!(/1+'/")a!4(.1")(1)+(.1"9#%.0"#)(")5."1*!.$$1ip2t"3Step 6, /6!- "'('(p%a))!1.882t3Step #, 7!1"-1/1+-'1/"+1"(-"'%-1')/"+1"-'"/6!1"(."0)(1)+(."0)(1)+1"(.$$1%."0)(")++1"(.$$1)(1.88)!1.6+$."+".91+.$18!9.9"8 ip2t3

Step $, Taing the moment about ields,:!1".1 2t(the center o2 diagram o2 acti;e pressure)3

Step 0, -'$!(/1+'/") p+'/6( p% a)!1"."66ip2t"3Step *, the pressure isdesignated as 7a13%passi;e earth pressure in 2ront o2 the point o2 rotation C' to the dredge line>this pressure is designated as 7 p13%acti;e earth pressure in 2ront o2 the wall 2rom the point o2 rotation to the bottom o2 the wall 3this pressure is designated as7a"3%passi;e earth pressure at the bac o2 the wall 2rom the point o2 rotation C' to the bottom o2 the wall>this pressure isdesignated as 7 p" .The acti;e pressure acting on the wall are shown in 2ig. ".0%a.

B2 the passi;e and acti;e pressures are algebricall combined> the resultant pressure distribution below the dredge line will be

gi;en as in 2ig.".0%b.The ;arious notations used are,@%miminum depth o2 embedment with a 2actor o2 sa2et !13

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the piling acts as a cantile;er.2orces acting on sheet pilewalls include,

%the acti;e earth pressure on the bac o2 the wall which to push the wall awa 2rom the bac2ill

%the acti;e pressure in 2ront o2 the wall bellow the dredge line(the passi;e pressure resists the mo;ements o2 the wall) .

The acti;e and passi;e pressure distributions on the wall are assumed hdrostatic.Bn the design o2 the wall >although theoulomb approach considering wall 2riction tends to be more realistic >the Danine approach (with the angle o2 2riction N!on the wall) is usuall used.The pressure due to water me be neglected i2 the water le;els on both sides o2 the wall are thesame.B2 the di22erence inle;el is considerable> the e22ect o2 the di22erence on the pressure will ha;e to be considered .22ecti;e unit weights o2 soilshould be considered in computing the acti;e and passi;e pressures.The action o2 the earth pressure against cantile;er sheet piling can be best illustrated b a simple case shown in 2ig.".$%a.in this case > the sheet piling is assumed to be per2ectl rigid.Lhen a horiontal 2orce7 is applied at the top o2 the piling >the upper portion o2 the piling tilts in the direction o2 7 and the lower portion mo;es in the opposite direction as shown b adashed line in the 2igure.thus the piling rotates about a stationer point C'.The portion abo;e o' is subOected to a passi;eearth pressure 2rom the soil on the le2t side o2 the piles and an acti;e pressure on the right side o2 the piling>whereas the

lower portion C'is subOected to a passi;e earth pressure on the right side and an acti;e pressure on the le2t side o2 the piling.

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circular tpe

%cellular co22erdams(diaphragm) .

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water or an other material.These walls are thinner in sectionas compared to masonr walls and the are generall used 2or the 2ollowing,%water 2ront structures >2or example,in buiding whar2s>quas>and piers3

%building di;ersion dams>such as co22erdams3

%ri;er ban protections3

%retaining the sides o2 cuts made in earth .

The materials used 2or building a sheet pile retaining wall ma be,

%timber3

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%rein2orced concrete or steel .

Timber pilling is used 2or short spans in order to resist light lateral loads.The are used 2or temporar structures such as braced sheeting in cuts.B2 used in permanent structures abo;e the water le;el>the require preser;ati;e treatment and e;enthen their span o2 li2e is relati;el short.Timber sheet piles are Ooined to each other b tongue%and%groo;e Ooints as indicatedin 2ig.".1 >timber piles are not suitable 2or dri;ing in soils consisting o2 large stones as the stones would dislodge the Ooints.

Dein2orced concrete sheet piles are precast concrete members>usuall with a tongue%and%groo;e Ooint.Tpical section o2 pilesare shown in 2ig.".".these piles are relati;el hea; and bul.Thedisplace large ;olumes o2 solidduring dri;ing.This large ;olume displacement o2 soil tends to increase the dri;ing resistance .The design o2 piles has to taeinto account the large dri;ing stresses and suitable rein2orcement has to be pro;ideded 2or this purpose.The most common tpes o2 piles used are steel sheet piles .Steel sheet piles possess se;eral ad;antages o;er the other tpessuch as,

%the are ;er resistant to high dri;ing stresses as de;eloped in hard or roc material3

%the are lighter in section3

%the ma be used se;eral times .

%the can be used either below or abo;e water and with a long perioad o2 li2e exploatation3

%suitable Ooints which do not de2orm during dri;ing can be pro;ided with the purpose o2 ha;ing a continuous wall

%the pile length either b welding or bolting .

Sheet pile walls are a;ailable in the maret in ;arious shapes but e;er shape has speci2ic bene2its such as,

%the archweb and P%piles are used to resist large bending moments>as in anchored or cantile;er walls3


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%shallow%arch piles with coresponding smaller section modulus are used 2or smaller moments3

%straight%web sheet piles are used where the web will be subOected to tensions as in cellular co22erdams3

%the ball%and%socet tpe o2 Ooints(2ig.".6%d)o22er less dri;ing resistance than the thumb%and%2inger Ooints(2ig.".6%c).

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ZASTITA ISKOPA SIPOVIMA