ZBCC PAWLPI TANGTHU PAN DOCTRINE BULPI PART I · PDF fileZBCC PAWLPI TANGTHU PAN DOCTRINE BULPI PART I AD 100-787 2013 1 ... Tua laibu sung veve ah mawhmaisakna pen misiangte thuneihna

ZBCC PAWLPI TANGTHU PAN DOCTRINE BULPI PART I AD 100-787 2013

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SAWLTAKTE HUNKHIT PAN LAIBU KIGELH MASATE AD 90-140

(EARLY POST-APOSTOLIC WRITERS) Theih Masak dingte

Thukhun Thak a gelh mi giat (Mate, Mark, Luka, John, Paul, James, Piter, Jude) te laibu 27 tawh kisai in

hih sinna sungah ih helkei ding hi. AD 45 pan in 100 hunciang Thukhun Thak gelh kizo siang hi ci in

phawkciat ni. A theih huai veve khat a, bu 27 te pen bukhat kisuah nailo in, Kolose te tungah Paul laikhak

pen a dang khuate in ngahlo in, khuadang a kikhak laikhak leh gospels te pen thu um masa khempeuh in

neikim lo uh hi (Kol.4:16; 2Pit.3:15-16). Khua khat in a sim khit uh ciangin, a dang khuate ki khaksawn

zel uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh tuhun dan in printing press (lai peina setpi) om nailo hi. Khut tawh a

gelh ciatciat uh ahi hi (Gal.6:11). Sawltakte leh amau theihpihte gelh bek Pasian humop hi a, biakinn

sungah kisim ding hi ci in Carthage Council AD 397 kum in bu 27 hong tengkhia uh a, tua a kipan in

Thukhun Thak tawh buaina om nawnlo hi. Ahizongin, sawltakte nungah laibu tampi a gelh om veve in,

tuate tungtawn in upna leh sandan (doctrine) tampi hong kakhia (mengkhia) hi. Amasa in laigelh

minthang ngate ih sinsuk ding a, a masa lite pen a gelh kician zawdeuh sawnsawn hi:

Laigelh Minthang Mi Ngate

Clement (Rome khua pastor): AD 90 kum nunglam ah Rome khua ah Bishop (pastor) a sem Clement kici

khat om hi. Korin pawlpi ngah ding laikhak gelh ngei hi. Clement cih min na muhciangin Korin khua ah

laikhak a khak ngei Rome khua ah Bishop semngei pastor hi ci in ciamteh in.

Polycarp (Smyrna khua pastor): Filippi khua thu umte laikhak khat gelh ngei hi ci ini AD 100 kim pan

kimu khia hi. Polycarp pen It John a nungzui pa ahi hi. Rome kumpite bawlsiatna hangin AD 86 kum

pawl in meikuang tawh haltumna thuak hi. Polycarp sihna thu tawh kisai pen AD 155 kum pawl in hong

kigelh khia a, tua laibu sungah sawltakte upna tawh a kilehbulh thu tampi zong hong kigelh hi. Polycarp

cih min na muh sim in, It John nungzuipa hi a, Filippi thu umte lai khak ngei mi khat hi ci in ciamteh in.

Ignatius (Antioch khua pastor): AD 110 kum kimpawl in laibu honkhat gelhkhia a, laibu minthang

mahmah 7 ama gelhkhiatte tuni dongin simtheih ding in kikoih hi. Amah pen Humpi khawina sungah

kikhia in tua zah dongin Jesu nungzui a cihtakna hangin a upna taisan lo hi.

Hermas: “The Shepherd” “Tuucing Hoih” cih laibu a gelh pen AD 140-145 kim ah kithei khia hi. Ama

tangthu tampi theih ding omlo a, ahizongin Tradition (pawlpi tangthu ah thuneite) te in Rome khuami hi

ci uh hi. Amah pen pawlpi ah panmun nei mi hilo a, laigelh siam a minthang khat a hi hi.

Papias (Hierapolis khua bishop): Ama laigelh pen AD 125 kim in kithei khia hi. Laigelh minthang dang

tuamtuamte in Papias at hi ci in a puahtawm uh honkhat kimu hi.

Hih a tunga laigelh minthang ngate pen sawltakte khanghun tawh a kineh zawdeuhte ahi uh hi.

Sawltakpite a sih khit uh ciangin, a kilamdang mahmah khat ah, lungdamna thubucing leitung khempeuh

ah tangko ding pen tuazah in buaipih nawnlo uh a, pawlpi sung kimakaih zia ding leh ki ukzia laibu ah

hong limgelh zaw uh hi. Gentehna in, Jesu pen muhtheih in om nawnlo a, bishop (pastor) leh upate pen

Jesu ai-awh mite ka hi uh hi, cihte nakpitakin hilhzaw uh hi.


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Laibu Kipuahphakik Pawl khat

A tunga minga te gelh laibute pen a gelhpa leha gelh kum kithei hi a, anuai a ih sindingte pen a laigelhpa

kua taktak hiam cih kicianlo in, ahizongin thu um masate min a puaksak mawkmawk uh laibu tawmte ih

en ding hi:

Barnabas laikhak (Epistle of Barnabas AD )110-120): Tangthu kan a tamzawte in Sawltak Pau tawh a

kithuah Barnabas pen hilo ding hi citek uh hi. Ahizongin, a nungciang in thu um minnei Barnas khat gelh

hikha ding hi a cih uh Epistle of Pseudo-Barnabas (Barnabas gelh ci in a ki upmawh) laibu min khat ahi

hi. Hih laibu sung leh Thukhun Thak thuhilhnate a etkak ciangin thu kituaklo honkhat kihel hi.

Sawltak 12 thuhilhna (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, or Didache): Laibu thulu min khat hi a, Greek

lai tawh (did’-ah-kee) cih minpua laibu khat hi a, bu khat bekbek a kimu khia khat hi in, tua laibu pen AD

1056 kum ciangciang kimulai hi. Scholars te in a gen na ah, hih laibu pen sawltakpi 12 te gelh hilo hi ci

uh hi. Ahizongin, sawltakte hilh a kipuahpha laibu hi a, sawltakte sih khit nung pek ciangin a ki gelh

tawm ahi hi ci uh hi. Sawltakpite hunsunga pawlpite upna leh kihilhna tawh a kileh bulh doctrine tampi

kihel ahih man in, AD 120 kum khit nunglam in a kigelh tawm hiding in Scholars a tamzaw thukim uh hi.

Clement Laikhak nihna: mi khat sermon piakna laibu khat hi a, Rome khuapi ah bishop sem Clement

gelh a nihna laibu hi ci in min kivawh mawkmawk hi. Ahizongin modern scholars te in Clement gelh hi

peuhmahlo hi ci uh a, LAIBU gelhpa pen Clement sihkhit lam AD 150 kum pawl hiding ci uh hi.

AD 90-140 THUHILHNATE ETPHATNA

A tunga laibu kigelhte tungtawnin Doctrine tuamtuamte hongpiang khia a, sawltakte upna leh sanzia tawh

bang ci bang hiam cih etphatna ih nei ding hi:

Pasian khat thu

A tunga laibu gelhte leh laibute sungah a tamzaw in Thuciam Lui hun lai Moses thukham dungzui mah in

Psian khat bek om hi ci in gen uh a, sawltakte hilh mah bangin tua Pasian in Jesu hi ci uh hi. mah bangin

Pasian khat bek om hi ci in lim gen uh hi. Hih mite laibu sungah trinity cih kammal kimulo hi, trinity

upna tawh ki zawitawn ding zong omlo hi.

Ahziongin, Pesudo-Barnabas leh Hermas te sungah, Pasian Tapa cih tawh thu tawm khat kigelh a,

ahizongin Pasian khat a umte gelh a hih man in trinity upna tawh kizawitawn hi cihna ding thu a omkei

hi. Pa leh Tapa a tuamtuak hi ci in, a khiatna ih lak sawm leh To Thum ngaihsutna tawh lak dign hilo a,

To Nih Pasian (binitarian) ci in lak th ieh hi, a deihna in a nihna Pasian pen a khatna sangin lianzaw lo

(subordinating to the second person to the first).

Jesu Pasian A Hihna

A tunga laibu kigelhte sungah Pa leh Tapa cih tawh kisai siangtakin hilh cian a, Tapa thu a genna ah a

kimu theilo Pa pen mihing bangin hongpai Tapa ahi hi (His incarnation) ci in gen uh hi. “Jesu pen aki mu

theilo Pasian lim ahi hi,” “Topa eite Pasian,” “eite Pasian, Jesu,” “Khasiangtho Jesu,” Khazih eite

Pasian,” “Eite Topa leh Pasian,” “Pasian Tapa” cih kammalte tam veipi kimu hi. It Johan nungzuite nih

Ignatius leh Polycarp te laigelhna sungah “Jesu Khazih eite Pasian” cih kammal tam veipi kimu hi.


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Polycarp tungah laigelh a thum veina cih laibu sungah, Ignatius in Jesu hibang in gen hi: “en un a

sangpen mun ah a om, tawntung in a kimu ngeilo eite adingin taksa in hongpiang, haksatna thuakthei

dingin hong kumsuk, eite adingin bawlsiatna khempeuh hong thuaksak” ci in Jesu hihna gen hi.

Pasian pen kimu ngeilo a, tua a kimu ngeilo pen tapa bangin taksa tawh hongpai ci in, sianggen mahmah

uh hi. Pa, Tapa, leh Khasiangtho a tuamciat ding bangin a genna kimu ngeilo hi. Pa, Tapa, Khasiangtho

bangin na hong sem Pasian khat a min pen Jesu hi ci in, sawltakpite nung a zuite laigelhna sungah kimu

theilai hi. Pasian khat bek hi cih a pom mite adingin sawltakpite nung a zom lian mite laigelhte

tungtawnin khamuan huai tampi om hi. Khazih cihna kammal ah Pasian pen mihing bangin hong paina

(His incarnation) a gen hi a, a Pasian hihna leuleu ciangin, tawntung Pa a hihna pulak zelzel uh hi.

Jesu, Mihing A Hihna Leh Gupkhiatna Dingin Hong Sepsakte

Ligelh masate in Jesu pen a kimutheilo Pasian mihing bangin hong pai a hihna thu leh mawhneite tankhia

dingin singlamteh tungah si in, kivui a, a ni thum ni in thokik hi cih thuzong na lim gelh mahmahuh hi.

Jesu pen Pasian bek hilo in mihing taktak mah hi a, si, kivui, leh thokik ahihna thu kiciantakin gen uh hi.

Tua ban ah, numei sungah a gai cil pek pan in zong amah mah Khasiangtho hi a, Mary sung bek ah gai

hilo in ama thu a um mi khempeuh sungah om ahih man in, eite Jehovah, ih Pasian, leh ih Gumpa ahi hi

ci in, hilh uh hi.

Upna, Mawh Kisikkikna, Leh Ki Tuiphumna

Mawhna pan kisik kik in upna nei ding (nuntakna lui sisak limlim ding), tui kiphumna in mawhna pan in

kisikkikna a lak ahihna thu lim gen mahmah uh hi. Tuiphumna in Jesu tungtawn a mawhna sawpsiangna

ci in gen uh hi. Hermas laibu sungah, “Ih mawhna khempeuh hong maisak ahih man in tuisungah ih

mawhna lui khempeuh ih phum hi” ci in kigelh hi. Pesudo-Barnabas sungah, “tuiphumna in mawh

maisakna lampi ah hongkha hi” ci in kigelh hi. Sawltak LST sung mah bangin Jesu min tawh kituiphum

uh hi. Hermas sungah “Ama min neilote Pasian gam sungah tuntheihna lampi dang omlo hi, Topa min

lakna mun in tuiphumna ah ahi hi” ci hi. Clement, Ignatius, leh Hermas te in Pasian min a thupitna, a

siangthona leh a vangliatna ki tangsam leh thupi mahmah a, tua Pasian min in Jesu hi ci ini hangsan takin

gen uh hi.

Didache sungah, “Topa min tawh tui kiphumna in Pa, Tapa leh Khasiangtho min a hi hi” ci hi. Clement

laibu nihna (II Clement) pen Trinity umte puahphat kik hi in AD 1056 kum in hong suak kik a, ahizongin

tua sung nangawn ah, “Khazih in Kha ahi hi” ci in kigelh hi. II Clement laibu in upna hangin midik ih

suak hi cih nial a, ahizongin “Jesu sisan leh amah upna tungtawnin gupna ih ngah hi” cih zong kigelh kha

veve hi. Tua laibu sung veve ah mawhmaisakna pen misiangte thuneihna hi a, na hoih sepna tungtawn in

ih mawhna tawh kipelh thei hi cih kigelh a, thu omzia bukhat sung veve kitukalh hi. Didache, Epistle of

Pseudo-Barnabas, Shepherd of Hermas leh II Clement te ah gamtatpha hangin thukhenna tawh kipelh thei

hi, ci in kigelh hi. A taktak in laibu gelh pen kua taktak hi dign hiam cih kithei lo a, a kipuah toto ahi hi.

Khasiangtho Hong Kilahkhiatzia

A tunga laibu te in “Khasiangtho hong kibuakna” leh a lamdang Khasiangtho letsong cihte ki limgelh

mahmah hi. Didache sungah, “tu khanghun a pawlpi in Khasiangtho hong makaih bangin ih pau hi” ci in

gen hi. Sawltak laibu sunga thuman thutak pen ki selcip zolo ahihna thu hong kilang a, Khasiangtho

tungtawn a, letsong tuamtuam a omna thu zong hong theisak phapha hi.


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A Siangtho Nuntakna

A tunga laibute sungah, gamtat hoih ding, a siangtho nuntakna nei ding cih leh leitung vai tuamtuamte

pan a tuam in om ding cihte ki lim gelh mahmah hi. Hermas laibu in a genna khat ah, Khristian khat peuh

in mawhna lian mahmah a bawl khak leh a nih veina mawh kisikna a neih kei leh gupna ngahlo ding hi ci

in gelh hi.

Pawlpi Ki Ukna Leh Kipawlna

Khuapi sunga pawlpite pen pawlpi picing khat hi a, amau ki ukzia ding pen amau leh amau kimakaihd ing

a, ahizongin senior pastor khat bek om ding hi ci hi. Ignatius in a genna ah, local pawlpi khatciat in a

thunei pen pastor or bishop khat nei ding a, khuapi sunga local tuamtuamte pen tua pastor khat makaihna

nuai ah om ding hi ci in lim gen mahmah hi. Hih tungtawn in bang kimu hiam cih leh, local khat leh khat

kipawlkhopna nei ding a, khat leh khat tha kipiaciat dingin hanthawn ahihna kimu hi.

Laisiangtho tawh kisai

Sawltakte khit laigelh minthangte (Post-Apostolic writers) in Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak te Pasian

humop hi ci in sangthei khin uh hi leh kilawm a, ahizongin Filemon, John laikhak nihna leh thumna, Jude

laikhakte pen sangzo taktak nailo uh hi. Thukhun Thak bu khempeuh thu um Khristian khempeuh

khutsungah tungkim khin nailo hi ding up mawh huai a, tua ahih man in a sawtlo in Laisiangtho vai tawh

kisai council neih ding hong hanciam to pah uh hi.

Nek-Khawm Vai Tawh Kisai

Topa tawh nitak an nek khopna nunung ci in bawl den uh hi. Mawhmaina dinga hong kilui ci in ngaihsun

khollo uh a, The Eucharist (lungdamna tawh hong kilui nitak an) ci in bawl uh hi. Hong pai kik ding Topa

lametna tawh ci in a bawl uh ahi hi.

Hun Nunung Tawh Kisai

Hong piang laiding thu cih tawh kisai amau laigelhna sungah ki tam muhlo a, ahizongin the Post-

Apostolic Age hunsungin, Jesu a nih veina hong pai kik baih ding hi ci in lametna lianpi nei uh ahihna a

laibu gelhna sungah kimu hi.

Hialbawlna

The Post-Apostolic Age (Sawltakte khit Khanghun) sung alai kigelh a tamzaw pen Sawltakte hilhdan

tawh hong kineh zawdeuh in, Laisiangtho tawh a kihual zawdeuh laisam hi. Oneness Pentecostals, mite

adingin hih mite laigelhna panin Hermas leh psedononymous (a kipuahpha laibu) te nih pen a

kisanzawhlohna mun om kiukiu a, RC ahilo, Protestant leh Evangelical a tamzaw zong Post-Apostolic

laigelhte pen kisang kimlo a, Laisiangtho bangin ki ngaihsun theilo pah hi. RC susng leuleu ah

Laisiangtho nampi thum in khen uh hi. Khatna ah, ih zatkhop bu 66,a nihna ah Apocrypha (bu 14), a

thumna ah pseudopigrapha ci in khen uh hi. Hih Apocrypha leh Peudopigrapha sungte ah gamtatpha tawh

gupna (mawhmaisakna) kingah thei ahihna thute ki lim gelh mahmah hi.

A zawdeuh in, a tunga laibu tuamtuamte sungpan in Clement of Rome, Ignatius leh Polycarp teng thum

pen Bishop (pastor) taktak hi uh a, sawltakpite tawh a nungta khawm bante ahih man un, amau gelh laibu


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taktakte sungah thu manpha, thuman leh thugil tampi kihel kha hi. Amau teng thum pen AD 80-140 sunga

mite ahih man un, Thukhun Thak hunsunga thu-um mite hikha ban uh hi, kici thei hi. Tua ahih man in,

Jesu in Pasian taktak ahihna leh midik in mawhna kisikkik a, Jesu min tawh ki tuiphum ding, tua mite

tungah Khasiangtho letsong leh letsong tuamtuamte kipia ahihna thu lim gen phadeuh uh hi. Amau gelh

laibute pen Pasian humop zah in ngaihsut ding hilo a, sawltakte hilh amau bil mahmah tawh a zakha ban

uh ahih man in, sawltakte hilh leh upna tawh a kineh pente hong suak uh hi. Tualo adang laibute pen a

gelh pa kua taktak hiam cih kitel mel lo hi a, a kipuah phatoto laibute ahih man in, laibu khat sung

nangawn ah zong a kitukalh hong om pah neunau hi.

UPNA PAIKHIAL MASATE (EARLY HERESIES)

The Post-Apostolic Age (90-140) leh the Age of Greek Apologist ( 130-180) sungpan in sawltakte upna

pan tawmtawm in hong pialkhia upna hong om hi. Sawltakte upna tawh a kibanglote pen Heresies (upna

paikhial) ci in min kivawh hi. Hih upna paikhialte pen Greek pilna leh ngeina a bulphuh phadeuh te ahih

man in Greek kammal “hairesis”, akhitna “deihtelna” “choice” cih hi a, “kipawlna, kikhenna, minam vai”

cihte ah amau deihna bangin kalsuan cihna ahi hi. Pawlpi, upna leh sandante ah Sawltakte hilh bangbang

ci nawnlo in, a mau deih dandan in la, amau deihtenng kaikhawm cih dan kimakaihna hongsuak hi. Hih

munsan ah heresy (a tam genna heresies) cih kammal pen upna laigil pan pialkhia cih leh Laisiangtho

tawh ki lehbulh cih ih deihna ahi hi (Sawl.24:14 sim in).

Hih ih sinna khenpi sungah, sawltakte upna pan in hong pialkhiat masak zia uh ih sin ding hi. The Post-

Apostolic Age tawh a ki theibante hi mah leh AD 200 hunsung ah thu um tampite lam akhialsak mite hi

uh a, AD 300 nunglam ciangin heresy ci in a ciapteh veve te a hi uh hi.

The Ebionites

Amasa penpen in the Ebionites thu ih sin dinga, Ebionite pawlte cihna ahi hi. Hih mite pen Israel minam

Khristian (Jewish Christian)te hi a, Gospel thu a tel mahmahte a hi uh hi. Hebrew laimal ebion cih

kammal pen “mizawng” cihna ahi hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Jew thu um masate pen galtaina hangin

genthei in zawng mahmah takpi uh hi (Rom.15:26 sim in).

Jesu nungzui a, Pentecost nipan kipanin thu um masa khempeuh Jew minam ahihna thu phawktek ni. Jew

minam taktak mah hi uh a, ahizongin thukham khempeuh atangtunna Jesu hi ci in um uh ahih manin

Gentail te in Jesu hong up uh ciangin Moses thukham a zuih ding uh kul tuanlo hi cin hong khensat uh hi

(Sawl.15; Gal.3).

Ahizongin, sawltakpite hunsung mahmah in Moses thukham zuihna ding leh Jew ngeina zuihna ding tawh

kisai in Jesu um khempeuh paizia hi hen cih lungsim aneizong om veve uh hi (Sawl.15:1,5). Hih mite in

sawltak Paul thuhilhzia pen hoihsa kimlo uh a, Paul doctrine pen sangsiam kimlo uh hi (Gal.1:6-9; 3:1;

4:10-11,17; 5:1-12; Fil.3:2-3). Paul in Galiti laikhak a deihna bulpi in Jew Khristian dinmun a awilohna

hipi pen hi.

Judah minam akici phadeuhte in sawltak Paul thuhilhna leh a gelh laikhakte pen Pasian humop taktak

ding in sanhak sa mahmah uh hi. Khristian sungah omsam uh a, ahizongin hun sawt khitciangin a tuam in

hong om veve uh hi.


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Sawltakpite a sih khit zawh kum 50 kimpawl pan in Jew lungsim sungah amau ngeina thupitsak zawkna

hong khangsemsem in, Jesu pen Pasian mihing bangin hong pai hitaktak ding hiam ci uh hi. Jesu, a ki

tuiphum hun pan kipanin Khasiangtho tawh kidim ahih man in, Pasian bangin na a semthei pan ahihi ci

uh hi. Thuciam Lui hunlai a Kamsang dankhat hilel a, Pasian taktak hilo ding hi ci uh hi. Jesu nasep

(mission) penThuciam Lui hun a biakpiakna hong nosuahsak sathau kinilh khat hi a, Jew mite mawhna

pan a kisikkik theihnading un hong khanglo sak khat ahi hi, cilel uh hi. Tua ahih manin Moses thukhamte

bul let mahmah uh hi. Jesu pen Pasian ahihna leh Thukhun Thak in gupkhiatna lampi a cih (sawltakte

fundamental doctrine) nial uh hi.

Evangelical sungpan laigelh siam honk hat in, The Ebionite pawl pen Jew Khristian mah hi uh a, ahizong

in Moses thukham tawh a kop pawlpite ahi uh hi, ci uh hi. A taktak in Moses thukham tawh a kop man un

upna paikhalte cih pah ding hilo a, ahizongin Jesu pen Pasian ahihna pom zolo uh, hong sihna tawh

leitung mikhempeuh adingin tatkhiatna sisan (the atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ) ahihna thu sang zolo

uh ahih man in, heresy aci ih hi hi.

Gnosticism

Hih Gnosticism a kici pawl pen AD 200 nunglam ah Khristian te hong langpan mahmah kipawlna khat

ahi hi. Milim gam pan in hong khangkhia leh Greek pilna a thupit ngaihsun mahmah te hi uh a, zong a

kipil sak mahmahte ahi uh hi. A gen bulpi uh khat a, Greek pilna tungtawnin hong luangkhia upna khat

ahihna tawh kizui in, ngaih sunsun leng gupngahna lampi omlel hi ci in ngaihsun uh hi.

Hih Gnosticism te in Judah biakna leh Khristiante sung nawngkai sak zo mahmah a,a cil (AD 200) lai in

bangmah pi cihzolo uh a, ahizongin damdam in Gnosticism te ngaihsutnate in pawlpi sungah damdam in

hong lut veve hi. Gnosticism sungpan in a minthang zawdeuh te in Saturninus, Basilides, leh Valentinus

ahi uh hi. AD 200 kumpawl pan in laigalh minthang hongkhangkhia a, amain Simon Magus hi in,

Sawltak a lian 8 sunga Simon zong Gnostic ngaihsutna a nei mikhat ahi hi.

Greek kammal pan a kila “gnosis” akhiatna “ciimna” “knowledge” ahi hi. A kihilhna uh bulpi in

“gupkhiatna pen ciimna sang penpen pan hongpiang khia ahi hi, ci uh hi. Mihing lungsim ngaihsut theih

na tungtawn in upna hongpiangkhia hi a, tua in gupna hong ngahsak hi, tua pen a lamdang ciimna kici hi,

ci in hilh uh hi. Gupna ih ngahtheihna dingin upna pen lungsim tawng ngaihsutna pan hi a, Laisiangtho

hang hilo in, ngaihsutna hongpia pen Pasian tungtawn pan hizaw hi, tua lungsim vakna pen ih lungsim

tawnga ciimna ah hong lut masa hi ci uh hi. Hindu leh Buddhist te gendan tawh kineh mahmah hi.

Hih ngaihsutna pen Greek philosophy pan hongpiang ahi hi. Greek philosophy ah, leitung pen nam nih

tawh hong kibawl ahi hi, tua nihte in “kha” (spirit) leh “nate” (matter) ci uh hi. “Kha” pen hoih, siangtho,

thumanna bulpi hi a, “nate” (matter) pen siatna khempeuh naak ahi hi, ci uh hi. A cil in, kha (ahoih) tawh

a kidim leitung mite ih hi a, mihoih vive ih hi hi. Ahizongin, “kha” leh “nate” kikal ah kidona lianpi hong

om a, “nate” (siatna) in hong uk hi, ci uh hi.

Kha tawh a kidim pen Pasian bek hi in, amah pen siangtho mahmah a, siatna tawh kisawh kha theilo hi.

Tua Pasian in leitung mite tawh a kizopna dingin amasa in aniamzaw deuh Topa khat nei a, tua in

Jehovah (inferior to God) ahi hi. Leitung mite (mawhna leh siatna tawh kidim) tawh a kikhawl thei dingin

a zaniam zawdeuh hongsawl hi ci in kihilh uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh a siangtho Pasian pen a

siangtholo te tawh kikhawl theilo, om khawm theilo, ci uh hi. Hih namnih, tonih (dualism) ngaihsutna pen


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Greek philosophy ahi hi. Gnostic in leitung mite pen nam thum in khen uh hi, spirit (kha mi), soul

(lungsim neimi), leh body (siatna bawm/pumpi). Amau ngaihsutna pen damdam in Christian theology

sung hong tawknawi zo hi. Na khempeuh nam nih a hih kei leh nam thum vive in khen uh hi. Khristian

zong namthum ki om hi: spiritual (biakna mi), carnal (mawhna tawh kop khawm thei), cosmic (leitung

vaimi) ci uh hi. Pasian zong namthum in seh uh hi: Pasian (Theos), Thu (Logos), leh huih (Pneuma).

Pasian pen siangtho lua ahih man in mihing tawh omkhawm thei him himlo ahih man in, mihing tawh a

omkhawm thei nam ama sangin a zaniam zaw khat nei hi ci uh hi.Ahizongin hibang thuhilhna pen

Thukhun Thak Laisiantho tawh kilehbulh hi. Pasian pen mibangin hongpiang, a min Jesu hi a, Jesu in

Pasian taktak hi a, Jesu in Pasian ahi hi (Jn.1:1-14; 1Jn.4:2-3; 5:20). Gnosticism in Thukhun Thak

thuhilhna khempeuh tawh ki lehbulh hi, Jesu in Pasian ahihna (the deity of Christ), mihing bangin Pasian

hong paina (His incarnation), hong tatkhiatna (atonement), upna hangin gupna kingah (salvation by faith),

leh suahkikna (new birth). AD 200-300 hun lai in Gnosticism pen Khristian te gal lianpi kipawlna ahi hi,

ahizongin hun hong patio zel a, Gnosticism ngaihsutna in pawlpi thu kihilhna hong suak kik ciangin,

heresy kici ngam nawnlo honkhat om hi. Trinity upna pen Gnosticism te khaici pokhia ahihna thu a

tawpna lam ah ih sin ding hi.

Mercion Pawl

A thumna heresy dingin Mercion cih min nei khat thu leh a ma hilh thute tawm ih sin ding hi. Ama hunlai

a Khristiante in Gnosticism bang dank hat in ngaihsun uh a, ahizongin a kilamdanna tampi om hi. A

thuhilhte pen Gnosticism mahbangin milim biakna leh Khristian upna a gawmkhawm mikhat mah ahi hi.

Mercion theology tawh kisai in Tonih nei hi: A piangsakpa (Creator or Demiurge) leh Gumpa

(Redeemer). Gnosticism tawh a kileh bulh khat ah, Mercion genna ah A piangsakpa (the Creator) pen

siatna tawh kidim in, Gumpa ahih leh amah bek hoih ahih man in Khristiante biak ding amah bek ahi hi,

ci hi. Tua Gumpa pen leitungah hong pai a Jesu Khazih ahi hi, ci hi. Mihinig taksa nei in hong pailo a,

kha pumpi bek tawh hongpai hi, ci hi. Khazih cihciangin kha pumpi bek genna hi ci hi. Mercion in

sawltak Pual laikhak bu 10 leh Gospel Luka bek Lasiangtho in pomthei hi. A dang Thukhun Thak

khempeuh sanglo hi, banghang hiam cih leh Thuciam Lui Laisiagnthote tawh zatkhop ding lemsa lo hi.

Mercion leh ama thu a sangthei khempeuh in gupkhiatna pen Jesu Khazih upn ding hi a, a um mite Jesu

min tawh ki tuiphum ding cih hilh vanglak hi. Ahizongin, Jesu a pomzia manlo ahih man in upna paikhial

(heresy) mah hive ve hi. AD 144 kum pawl pan in Khristian pawlpi kizopna guipi pan in paikhia hi. Jesu

pen Pasian taktak hi a, mihing taktak zong ahih manin, Jesu pen Pasian in zong sangthei in, Jesu min tawh

tuiphum ding zong hilh mah ta leh, Jesu pen mihing ahihna sanglo ahih manin, upna manlo mah ahi hi.

Gamtat hoih lim gen mahmah a, nupa kitenna zong nial uh hi. Mercion hilhna tea ma hun lai in upna

paikhial in kisang a, ahizongin a sawtlo in pawlpi kimakaihna damdam in a kizang (hong lawhsuk,

impact) zong om veve hi.

Montanism Pawl

Montanus kici khat Asia Minor gamsunga Phrygia khua ah pastor sem ahi hi. A lina ah upna paikhial

sungah ih sinding khat ahi hi. Ama hunlai (AD 200-300) in upna paikhial in kisanga, Laisiangtho tawh

kituaka a thuhilhna zong om kiukiu in, man kimlo cihna ahi hi. Ih gensa pawl thumte sangin, Laisiangtho

tawh kituakzaw a, a hilhna pawl khat om hi, ahizongin mankimlo ahihman in pawlpi guipi panin 177

kumpawl in hawlkhiatna ngah uh hi.


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Khasiangtho nasepna dau genlua, sangkimlo, kamtuam pauna leh siangthona zong dau genlua ci in

Montanus in pawlpi dangte hawmthawh hi. Montanus nungzui mi khat ama nungah mi minthang hong

khngkhia a, Tertulian ahi hi. Tertulian in agen na ah, kamtuam pauna pen pawlpi pen Khasiangtho in

hong ciaptehna khat ahih man in a poimawh mahmah ahi hi, ci hi. Montanus in Pasian khat pen mihing

bangin hong pai hi, tua in Jesu hi, ci in hilh a, a um mite Jesu min tawh kituiphumsak hi. Ahizongin, a

langpangte genna ah, Jesu in Huhpa Khasiangtho hong pai ding ci in a kamciam (Jn.14) pen kei ka hi hi ci

in Montanus in gen hi, ci uh hi. Montanus pen a lian penpen leh a nunung penpen Kamsang ding in kigen

hi ci in, alangte in mawhsak uh hi. Kamsiatna tawh zi ahih kei leh pasal asite in zi/pasal neikik nawnlo

dign ci in Montanus in gen hi cin, a langpangte in mawhsak uh hi. Tua ahih manin pawlpi guipanin

hawlkhiatna ngah hi. Ama nungzui mi khat Tertulian cih min neipa pen Trinity cih kammal a zangkhia

masa penpen a hi hi. Mailam ah sin beh lai ni.

Hialbawlna

A tunga, ih sin mi thum (pawlpi thum)te in local dang pawlpite nasiatak in tobawl in, AD 200 kum pawl

in amau upna bangin kalsuan uh hi. Amasa thumte—The Ebionites, The Gnostics, leh The Marcionites—

te pen upna pan in a pialkhia taktakte ahi uh hi. A lina ah aih sin Montanus tawh kisai in, tulai pawlpi

honkhat sangin thuman kalsuan zaw uh hi, ahizongin, khengval lua uh ahih man in, kizopna guipi panin

apaikhia uh ahi hi.

A li un enkak kik le hang, Ebionites te pan Judah biakna tawh a mehkhawm Khristian upna paikhialte ahi

uh hi. Gnosticism pawl leuleu ciangin milim biakna tawh a mehkhawm upna paikhial Khristiante ahi uh

hi. Mercian pawl leuelu ciangin, milim biakna leh Khristian upna a gawmkhawm te a hi uh hi. Montanus

pawlpi leuleu ciangin, amau hun Khristiante pomzia tawh kilamdangte ahi uh hi. Hih pawlpi li te pen

Thukhun Thak leh sawltakte hilh dan tawh damdam in hong dau semsem kihilhna hongsuak hi.

GREEK PILNA NAWKPITE (THE GREEK APOLOGISTS AD 130-180)

Sawltakte hun khitciangin laigelh mintahngte (The Post-Apostolic Writers) ci in ih sin khin zo a, tu in tua

banzom in Greek pilna in Khristian upna hong nawkgawp a, Greek pilna mah nei in a lehnawk mite hun

pen “The Greek Apologists” kici a, tuathute ih sin ding hi. Bang hanghiam cih leh Khristian upna leh

thuhilhnate Greek laimal zangin, a na gumngam mipilte ahi uh hi. Greek lai in International ah kizanga,

tulai hun hileh Englsih cihdan hipah hi. Rome ukna gam nisuahna lam ah Greek ngeina, pilna, lai, cihte ki

limzat phadiak a, hih gamte ah Khristian a tamna leh a kizelhna hong suak ahi hi. Hih mite laigelh pen

AD 150 kim pawl panin hong kizel ta hi.

Khristian Kibawlsiat Hunpi Sung

Amasa in Khristian hong bawlsia kuate hiam cih ih theih ding thupi hi. Amasa in Khristian hong

bawlsiate pen Jew (Israel minam) tea hi uh hi(Sawl.5:17-18; 7:57-59; 8:1-3; 9:1-2). A zom ah, milim bia

minam Rome kumpi Nero (AD 60 kim pan) pan kumpi kizom 10 ciangdong ( asawmna leh a tawpna

milim bia Rome kumpi Diocletian) Rome kumpi khut nuai pan in Khristiante a bawlsiat theihtawp un hih

uh hi. Bawlsiatna pen rome kum a 11 na Constantine kumpi sep hunsung laitak AD 313 kum in hong

khawl theita hi. AD 313 kum in Emperor Constantine leh Lininus te tungtawn in Khristian bawlsiatna pan

a khawlna ding hong kipuangkhia ahi hi.


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A taktak in, Nero hun (AD 60) pan AD 250 kum ciangciang pen Rome gam sung khempeuh a Khristiante

kibawlsia khin sam lo a, mun khat khat, cih ciang ahi hi. Ahizongin, AD 250 pan 313 kumciang pen

Rome gam sung khempeuh a Khristiante beisak zah khop ding kumpite in hanciam uh a, ahizongin

Khristian pen bei lam manawh lo in khang semsem zaw hi. Kumpi sawm sungpan in Khristiante

nakpitakin a bawlsia phadeuh pen kumpi Decius, Valerian leh Diocletian thumte ahi uh hi. A taktak in,

Khristiante a telkhialhna uh pan bawlsiatna hongpiang ahi hi, Jesu upna pan hi masa lo in, ki telkhialhna,

kihekna, cih tuamtuam pan a hi hi. Sawltakte hun pan in bawlsiatna pen mun khat khat ah a thuak uh hi

mah a, Jew te in kumpi tungah hek in, Khristiante zong lau in kikhawm sim zel uh hi. Khristian a hua

mahmah te in, a simthamin kikhawm uh a, kumpi langpan sawm uh hi, mi that uh hi, naupangte biakna

ding in meitawh hal uh hi, mihing sa ne uh hi, mihing sisan dawn uh hi, siatna namkim piangsak uh ci in,

thu kipehtawi tampite hangin, kumpi in hih Khristian biakna leitung pan in bei leh ih gam ki ukna hong

phatuam ding hi ci in ngaihsun uh hi.

Tua ahih man in, kumpi nasem leh thuneite tungah Khristian hoihna leh omzia a genthei ding Greek pilna

leh Greek laisiamte bek in nasep theih hun hongsuak hi. Tua ahih man in, Khristian sungah Greek laisiam

ding, Greek pilna (philosophy), Greek ngeina nasiatakin theih ding hanciam nopna hongkhang mahmah

hi.

Kihutna Tawh Kisai (Response of the Apologists)

Khristian kum zalom nih leh thumna hunsungin, ei upna a gum ngam ding mipil kisam a, thagum tawh ki

gum zolo ding ih hih man in, lailam leh pilna mah tawh gup hong kul mahmah ta hi. Thumanlo pi a

kumpite mawhsakna khempeuh pen lum leh teipi tawh kipat ngam ding hilo in, lailam tawh nasep hong

kipan ta uh hi. A nasep dan ding uh pen, Khristian cih pen itna tawh kidim, pilna maan, gamtatna maan,

hehpihna tawh a kidim biakna hi, cih tuatuamte ahi hi. A minthang zawdeuh laigelh siamte a nuai ah

sinsuk ni:

Laigelh Siam Minthang Zawdeuhte (Major Writers)

1. Marcianus Aristides, Athens khuapi pan a khangkhia mipil mahmah Khristian hongsuak khat ahi

hi. Khristian upna tawh kisai a gupna lai pen kumpi Antoninus Pius tungah AD 150 kum pawl in

khak hi. A gelh taktak pen AD 125 pan 130 kim khawngin a gelh hikha ding in ki um hi.

2. Laigelh pen honkhat phak tuak uh a, kumpi Diognetus (Epistle to Diognetus) tungah khak uh hi.

AD 130 kim pawl in a gelh hi dingin ki ummawh a, AD 150 kum pawl in kitheikhia hi. Laigelhte

sungah Justine zong kihel kha hileh kilawm dan hi.

3. Flavius Justinus, Justin zong kici: Greek Apologist te sungpanin kumpite lungsim a lawngkha

mahmah laigelh siam minthang mahmah khat ahi Justin ahi hi. Rome gam meng neu khat ahi

Samaria khuami hi a, Greek Philosopher cih min a pua, mipil mahmah Khristian khat ahi hi.

Pastor sem ngeilo khat ahih hangin, a upna hoihtakin a gum ngam mi khat ahi hi. Rome khua ah

kumpi te in man a, singtem tawh a ngawn at tan uh a, Jesu min hangin thahna thuak hi. Justin

laigelh sungpan in a minthang zawdeuh te: First Apology (AD 150 kim), Second Apology,

Dialogue with Trypho the Jew cih leh On the Resurrection ahi hi.

4. Tatian of Syria (Syria mi Tatian): Justin nungzuipa hi a, Gnostic upna zong tawmtawm a vom mi

khat hi in, Greek mite tungah laikhak cih gelh ngei hi (Address to the Greeks, AD 150 kim),

Greek laibu minthang Diatessaron leh Gospel tehkak in laigelh pa ahi hi.


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5. Melito: Sardis khua ah pastor sem khat ahi hi. Ama laigelhte a themthem in kithei khia hi. A gelh

laibute pen Apology (To Marcus Aurelius zong kici, AD 170 kimpawl), On God Incarnate

(Pasian mi bangin hongpiang), the Key (tawhtang), Discourse on the Cross (Singlamteh tungpan

thuhilhna), on the nature of Christ (Khazih pianzia), Discourse on Soul and Body (lungsim leh

pumpi pan thuhilhna) cih leh on Faith (Upna tawh kisai) cihte laibu hoih mahmah gelhkhia hi.

6. Theophilus (AD 168-181): Antioch khua ah pastor sem mi khat ahi hi. To Autolycus cih laibu

gelhkhia hi.

7. Athenagoras: Athens khuapi panin mipil (philosopher) minthang mahmah khat ahi hi. Khristian

hoih a sakna tawh kisai (Plea for the Christians) ci in AD 177 kum pawl in kumpi Marcus

Aurelius leh Commodus tungah laikhak gelh ngei hi. Thawhkikna cih thulu tawh a gelh ahi hi.

HIh Apologists te in Doctrine tawh kisai bangci bangin hilh uh a Khristian upna gumngam uh hiam

cih anuai ah ih sinsuk lai ding hi.

Laibu Minthangte Sungpan Doctrine te

God and Logos (Pasian leh Thu)

Greek Apologists hun ciangin, Sawltakte hilh lungdamna thu panin damdam in hong dau semsem uh

a, Greek ngeina tawh kituak in Khazih hong hilhcian uh hi. Post-Apostolic Hun a laigelhte sungpan in

Pseudo-Barnabas leh Hermas te laibu te hilhna tampi hong gahsuah hi. Milim bia Greek ngaihsutna

ah leitung pen nam nih leh kei leh nam thum tawh kihual bem hi cih pen amau lungsim ahi hi. Greek

Apologists a kipatcil lam in Aristides in kum Diognetus tungah alaikhak (Epistle to Diognetus) genna

ah Pasian khat bek cih tawh hong pan hi mah leh a tawpna lam ah Pasian leh Thu pen a tuamtuak hi ci

in hong hialbawl hi. Justin leh a nungzui Tatian te laibu sungah Pa leh Thu pen a tuamtuak hi (two

distinct persons) ci in hong hilhcian uh hi. Amau laigelhna tungtawn in kumpi nasem (official) tampi

lungsim zo mahmah uh hi. Apologists bei lam ciangin, Theophilus leh Athenagoras te in thum omzia

Pasian (triadism, threeford nature of God) cih hilhcian uh a, ahizongin Oneness pomzia tawh a gen

ahi hi. Gentehna in, Pasian in hunpi thum zangin hong kilang hi. Melito in zong Pasian khat ahihna

thu lenkip in laigelh a, ahizongin damdam in Greek pilna a zawh theihna dingin Greek biakna laimal

tampi hong zang veve hi.

Pasian khat thu ah, Post-Apostolic hun mah bangin Greek Apologists hun ah zong, Pasian khat upna

tawh Khristian suak uh ahih man in, Pasian khat bek om hi cih uh uh hi (monotheism), Pasian tampi a

um mite tawh kilam dang uh hi (polytheism).

Thu tawh kisai (doctrine of the logos): Greek Apologists hun pan in tanglai Israel leh sawltakte hilh

Pasian khat thu hong dausuah mahmah ta hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Greek philosophy ah Logos pen

Pasian sangin a niamzaw (inferior and subordinate, zaaniam zaw leh lianzawlo) ahihna hang ahi

hi.Logos cih pen Greek kammal pan hi a, akhiatna in “Thu” (Word) ahi hi. Greek lungsim ah Logos

pen Pasian lungsim cihna hi a, leitung a ki lamdangsak Pasian ngaihsutna cihna ahi hi. Greek

ngaihsutna ah Logos pen Pasian ngaihsutna bek hi a, mihing dan in piangthei ngeilo, mihing hingeilo,

pumpi/mal simtheih (personal being) hithei lo ci uh hi.

Johan 1:1,14 “A kipat cilin Thu (Logos) na om a, tua Thu, Pasian tawh na omkhawm a, tua Thu,

Pasian ahi hi. Tua Thu mihing hong suakin kote lakah hong om a, itna nei-in citak mahmah ahih


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manin Pasian' pianzia a neihna ka mu cian uh hi”. John in hih mun san ah Logos cih kammal na zang

hi. Ahizongin, Logos tawh kisai John ngaihsutna leh Greek ngaihsutna kibanglo hi bang hang hiam

cih leh tua Logos pen Pasian hi a, mihing bangin hong suak in, kote lak om hi ci in tua THU pen

Pasian hi a, mihing hong suak hi, ci in gen hi. Tua Logos pen Pasian taktak ahi hi ci in gen beh lai hi

(1Jn.5:10). Pasian ngaihsutna, ngimna, lunggulhna, leh gelna khempeuh a cil in a ngeih hi a, tua pen

leitung ah hong pai ding cih ahi hi (Pai.6:6; Isa.9:6; Mang.1:17-18). Tawntung Pa pen mihing bangin

hongpiang ahihna thu ah Pasian khat bek om a, tua in mihing bangin hong pai Jesu ahihna thu John in

a hilhcian ah ih man in, milim bia Greek biakna leh pilna tawh a ngaihsut uh Logos tawh kibanglo hi.

Pasian pen mihing bangin hong pai ding (His incarnation) pen leitung pianma pek in a ngaihsutsa hi

a, ahizongin a hun a cinciangin bek hong tangtung ahi hi.

The Greek Apologists, a zawdeuh in Justin, Tatian, Theophilus, leh Athenagoruas te in Jesu pen

Logos hi a, Greek biakna lui tawh kibang hi cin, a hilhcian uh ahi hi. Tua ahih man in, kumpite

lungsim ah sannop sa mahmah uh hi. Tuma kum 400 hulai (Plato pilna) pek pan in na gengen uh pen

tu a ko upna hi gige hi ci in hilh uh hi. John in Logos ahi Jesu pen na khempeuh a pianma in om khin

ci in gen a, ahizongin Greek Apologists te in Greek pilna a mukhia Plato (450 BC kimpawl) te hun

tawh kipan danin gen hi.

Greek mipil, Plato ngaihsutna ah leitung namnih om hi: (1) a hoih leh a lunggulh huai leitung (the

good, real world of ideas or forms), (2) a kicinglo leh a taktak leitung, hih leitung in a lunggulh huai

leitung khat pen nawngkai sak hi, ci in ngaihsun hi. A hoih leh a lunggulh huai leitungah Sangpen

Pasian khat om a, nakhempeuh ah kicinna tawh kidim hi. Mawhna, siatna, gimna leh a ninbang nate

tawh kisawhkha theilo hi cin Plato in ngaihsun hi. A lunggulh huai leitung leh leitung taktak

(mawhna, siatna tawh a kidim) kikal ah nasem thei khat om a, tua pen Logos ahi hi ci’n Plato in

ngaihsun hi. Gnostic ngaihsutna ah Creator (a Piangsakpa) leh Redeemer (Gumpa) a tuamtuak hi ci

uh hi. Hih hunsung Khristian te lungsim sungah Pasian pen mihing bangin hong pai in, leitung mite

mawhna pan in tankhia ding cih pen up hak mahmah ta hi. Pasian pen mawhna leh a ninbang nate

tawh ki khawl theilo, om khawm theilo ahih man in, Gumpa (Redeemer) a tuam in hong pai kul hi cih

ngaihsutna (Greek ngaihsutna) in thu um mite leh Khristian hong suak thak mite lungsim sungah

khaici in kituh hi.

Jesu leitungah, a vaklai in Alexandria khua pan Jew philosopher a kici Philo min nei khat om hi.

Philo in zong hih Greek ngaihsutna pen hoihsa a Greek ngaihsutna leh Judaism biakna mehkhawm hi.

A genna ah, Pasian khat om a, ahizongin Pasian leh leitung kikal ah palai sem dingin Logos a om ahi

hi, ci in ngaihsun hi. Philo genna ah, Pasian khat bek om a, leitung vantung nakhempeuh pen Logos

zangin bawl hi. Greek mipil Socrates, Plato, Aristotle te in Logos tungtawnin pilna ngah uh hi ci in, a

thugenzia pen Judaism ten zong sangsiamlo hi. Milim biate pilna leh a nungta Pasian bangci kisai kha

ding hiam ci uh hi. Ahizongin, Philo ngaihsutna ah Logos pen a nihna Pasian cih bangdanin gen

ngeilo hi. Greek Apologists hunciangin, Greek pilna a ki thupitsak hun a hihna tawh kizui in, Philo

ngaihsutna leh Greek ngaihsutna gawm khawm in, Khristian sungah nakpi in hong toknawi ahi hi.

Philo leh Greek Apologists te kikal ih tel ding khat om hi, Philo pen Jew minam hi a, Moses thukham

hoihtak in a zui mi khat hi in, Pasian khat bek om hi (Thkna.6:4) ci in a kiciam den mi khat ahi hi.

Greek Apologists te leuleu ciangin, Khristian a suahma un Greek milim biakna a zui mite ahih man

un, anungsang biakna uh kibanglo ahih man in, a thukhupna uh zong kibang theilo veve hongsuak hi.


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Apologists Doctrine, ih ngaihsut ciangin Logos “Thu” vai ah Laisiangtho in Pasian khat bek om hi

(monotheism) ci in hong hilhna leh sawltakte hilh tua Pasian inJesu hi cih thu pan hong dau semsem

uh ahihna ih mu hi. Post-Apostolic hun pan Greek Apologists hunte ah Pasian pen To khat upna pan

in To Thum upna ah damdam in hong lutpih uh ahi hi. A kum leh a lim tawh en ni:

|Sawltakte hun | Post-Apostolic hun | Greek Apologist hun

~ AD 30—96 ~ 90—140 ~ 130—180

Greek Apologists te hun ma in hi bang ngaihsutna Khristian sungah om ngeilo a, Gnostic te bek in

genkhia uh hi. Ahizongin, Gnostic te pen Khrstian a langpan mahmah kipawlna hi a, upna paikhialte

ci in pawlpi kizopna guipi tawh a kizomlote ahi uh hi.

Thu (Logos) leh Tapa (Son) cih laimal tawh kisai: Laisiangtho sungah Logos cih kammal akizatna

leh a deihna khempeuh ah Pasian mihing hong suahna (incarnation) ah Tapa ahi hi cih a gennuam ahi

hi. Logos cih tawh kisai in tangtawng Pasian ahihna a genna hi a, a kipatcil a Pasian ngaihsutna (Thu)

pen amah mah mihing in hongpiang (Tapa) a hi hi. Tawntung tapa cih kammal Laisiangtho sungah

kimu ngeilo hi. Jesu pen Thu (Logos) hi in, Tapa (Son) zong hi a, a kammal zatdan ih ut bangin ih

kawikaih loh ding thupi hi. Gentehna, Rev. Dr. Suan Za Khup ci in min a kigelh leh, siampi zaa leh

PhD a ngah khit ciang bek in kigelh thei ahi hi. Reverend leh Doctor pen a pian pih hi zenzen lo hi.

Pasian pen mihing in hong pian ciang bek in Tapa hong kici ahi hi. Tua a hih man in Tapa Pasian cih

kammal zong Jesu tungah kizang theilo hi.

“Tapa Pasian” cih akhiatna taktak pen Pasian Tapa Jesu pen mihing hilel a, ahizongin a

picin khitciangin “Pasian suak” hi cih upna pan in Tawntung Tapa cih kammal hong kizang

ahi hi. Gnostic, Jehovah Witness, Buddhist philosophy te upna bulpi ahi hi. A genna vuah,

Jesu pen a ki tuiphum khitphet in vangliatna tawh kidim pan a, Pasian suak hi ci’n ngaihsun

uh hi. Tapa Pasian, Mihing Pasian cih pen tua bang dan pan in upna hongpiang ahi hi.

Pasian pen mihingte tawh kikhawl thei dinginin mihing bangin hongpiang (tapa bangin hongpai) a

hih man in Pasian Tapa kici hizaw hi. Pasian kimu ngeilo hi, a kammal laih ni cileng Logos pen kimu

ngeilo hi, ahizongin a kimu theilo Logos (Pasian) pen muh theih ding in mihing hongsuak hi

(Jn.1:1,14,18). Jesu pen: tawntung Pasian (eternal God), Jesu Kha in tawntung pek pan in Pasian Kha

mah ahi hi (the Spirit of God from eternity past), ahizongin Jesu (Pasian) pen mihing hongsuahma in

Tapa ahikei hi (Lk.1:35; Gal.4:4; Heb.1:5, Namdang LST te tawh simkak in).

Justin ngaihsutna ah Logos pen Pa hilo hi, a tuamtuak ahi hi. Thuciam Lui lai in thu gengen pen

Logos hi a, Pa hilo hi, Pa Pasian pen a om na ah om lel a, van pan in leitungah hong kumsuk in kahto

zel cih bang in om ngeilo hi ci hi. Justin gen dan leh Trinity te pomzia zong kibanglo hi. Tulai Trinity

umte in, mihing piansakna ah a thum un thu kikum hi, ci hi. Pasian hihna ah Pa sangin Tapa lianzaw

lo hi (The son is being subornidated to the Father), ci in Trinity upna ahi hi. Trinity upna sungah a

mittawsak Laisiangtho munte in Jn.10:29; 13:16 leh a lian 17 a sim uh ciangin, Pa leh Tapa kikal

Pasian hihna a gensa uh hi. Jesu in Pa sangin Tapa lianzawlo, a topa sangin sila lianzawlo acihna mun

san ah, Pasian hihna (deity) a gen nuam hilo in, mihing ah hong paina (incarnation or his humanity)

tawh a pulak ahihna phawk khalo uh hi. Tua ahih man in, trinity upna leh pomna a kileh bulh khat om

hi: Pa, Tapa, Khasiangtho a thum un “hihna kibang” (co-equal), tawntung hihna kibang (co-eternal), a


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cil pan in pum tuamtek (distinctive persons from eternity) ci in kihilh uh a, khat veivei, Jesu (Tapa)

pen zaa niamzaw (lian zawlo) cizel uh hi. A zaa niamzaw Pasian pen Pasian a hihna ah 100% mah hi

thei veve ding hiam, ih upna leh ih gelhna a kibat ding kisam hi.

Apologists te genna ah, a cil in Pasian bek mah om a, ahizongin leitung leh na khempeuh a bawl

dingin ama sungpanin ama “Thu” (Logos) pen sawl khia hi. Logos in Pasian deihna khempeuh

tangtung sak a, bang hang hiam cih leh Pasian in lim leh mel neilo, mal nuntakna neilo (impersonal

God) ahih man in, a nihna dingin Logos (Second Person) zangkhia zel hi, hih pen Tapa neihsun cih

hong piankhiatna ahi hi, ci uh hi. Tawntung tapa cih pen Apologists te in sangsiamlo uh hi. Tapa in

kipat hun nei a, ahih hangin leitung leh vantung a bawl ding in Pa sungpan a piang ahih man in, ka

tapa neihsun ci in Pa in kammal zangthei hi ci uh hi.

Apologists te thanemna gen leuleu ni, Apologists thuhilhna thumaan hi zenzen leh Jesu pen alpha leh

omega (patna leh tawpna) hithei ngeilo ding hi. Leitung leh na khempeuh abawl dingin Pasian

sungpan in a to nihna (second person) dingin Logos paikhia hi ci in Apologists te thuhilhna pen

Greek pilna tawh a mehkhop uh Jesu thu hi a, sawltakpite hilhna tawh ki lehbulh hi. Thukhun Thak

Laisiangtho sungah Tapa neihsun (only begotten Son) cih kammal pen Pasian mahmah mihing

hongsuahna (incarnation) bek ah kizang ahi hi, Pasian ahihna tawh kisai (His Deity) ah Tapa neihsun

cih kammal kizang ngeilo hi. Mt.1:18-20 leh Lk.1:35 ih sim ciangin, pasal tawh kizop khakna

peuhmah genkha lo a, Mary naubu sungah Pasian Khasiangtho tungtawnin hong gai ahihna thu ih mu

hi. Pasian Khasiangtho tungtawn in Mary sungpan hong suak ahihna tawh kizui in Tapa hong suak

(begetting a son) cih kammal kizang ahi hi.

Khasiangtho vai tawh kisai: Apologists te laikung panin Khasiangthopen a to thumna (a third

person) hi ding hi cihna kimu khalo hi. Khasiangtho cih kammal zangzel uh a, ahizongin Tothum

tawh kisai a genna uh omkhalo hi. Apologists laikung panin Khasiangtho pen Pa’ Khasiangtho (the

Spirit of the Father)—Pasian omzia a genna uh hilel a, maltuam (another person) in a genna uh

kimukhalo hi. Tua mah bangin, Kha pen Logos, a tonihna (the second person) hi ci in gelh uh hi.

Justin in a gelhna ah, Thuciam Lui hunlai in kamsangte pen Logos (Thu) tungtawnin kamsang uh hi,

Khasiangtho tungtawnin kamsang uh hi cih tawh gen khawm hi. Kha pen a tuam in genlo a, Pa in lah

Kha tungtawnin nasem thei, Logos in zong Kha tungtawnin nasem thei, Kha hihna nei tuak dan in a

gen uh ahi hi. Justin laikung pan in kician takin a genna omlo a, mun khat ah bel a thumna pen zong

ih biak ding hi, Pa Pasian zom ah, Pa Pasian Tapa, leh a hoih vantungte ci in gelh ngei hi.

Athenagoras laikung panin pen Pa, Tapa, Khasiangtho ci in kician tak in pumthum mah in a om ding

in gelh hi.

Nam Thum tawh kisai: Theophilus laikung pan in a masa penpen Greek kammal Triados cih

kimukhia masa penpen hi. A laimal bulpi pen triad hi in genitive case tawh ih gelh ciangini triados ahi

hi. A tawpna lam ah trinity upna zungpi leh lammal zungpi dingin kipuahpha to kik hi. Ama gelhna

leuleu ah Pa, Tapa, Khasiangtho ci in pumtuam tek aa omna thu ahilh hilo in, Pasian in ni masa ni

thum sung a bawlte (the first three days creation)a gen hi a, ni, kha, aksi te a piansakma in Pasian in

namthum ahihna thu gencian ngei hi, a gen na ah, Pasian (of God), A Thu (His Word) leh a pilna (His

Wisdom) ci in hilhcian hi. Pasian pilna (Wisdom) a gennopna in, A Thu (His Word) leh a Kha (His

Spirit) a gen nuam ahi hi. AD kum zalom lina ciangin trinity te in Pasian pilna (His Wisdom) pen a


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tonihna (Second Person) dingin hong seh uh hi. Theophilus in bel Wisdom a genciangin Pasian Thu

(Logos) leh Kha (His Spirit) a genkhawm lel ahi hi.

Theophilus laikung pan in Pasian pen mal thum (three persons) phading hi ci in a gelhna kimulo hi.

Mimal vai ah a tamzaw genna (plural form of persons) zang ngeilo a, khat bek mal genna (singular

person) bel zangthei zel hi.

Mi honkhat in, Khristian sungah trinity cih kammal a kizat hun AD 180 kimpan ahi hi, a ci om hi.

Ahizongin, historians a tamzaw tham in trinity cih kammal taktak a zangkhia masa penpen Tertulian

(AD 200 kim) pan ahi hi, ci in thukimciat uh hi. Ahang pen, Tertulian in Tothum gawm Pasian cih

tawh kician takin hong khen a, trinity cih kammal zong khauhtakin hong zang hi. Greek Apologists te

in lampi sialsak cileng zong kikhial lo hi.

Greek Apologists sungpan in Sardis khua a pastor Melito laikung leuleu pan in, Pasian khat upna mah

len tinten lai ahihna kimu thei hi. A genna ah, Jesu Khazih pen “Pasian ahihna gen a, Pasian takpi a

sihna thu” ci in pulak ngei hi. Ahizongin, bang din mun taktak ah om hiam cih khentat ding haksa hi,

ama laigelhte tu in muh khiat ding haksa mahmah ta hi.

Pasian leh Thu cih tawh kisai in ih khupna ding a, Greek Apologists te in, Pasian omzia sungah Tonih

(two persons in the Godhead, binitarianism) cih lim gen uh a, a tonihna Logos pen A Pa sangin

lianzawlo cih ahi hi. Apologists nunung lam zawdeuh nihte in bel, to thum vai tawh kisai tawm hong

genpianpian ta uh hi. Ahizongin, tulai a trinity pomdan tawh kituak sinsen lo hi.

Gupkhiatna tawh kisai (Khazih hong tatkhiatna): Post-Apostolic te mah bangin Apologists in zong

Jesu sisan in mawhneite adingin hong kibua hi ci in hilh uh hi. Gupna ih ngah theihna dingin ih up

ding kisam ahihna thu lim hilh uh a, Pasian in sehkholhsa nei hi (predestination) cih tawh kisai hilh

khalo uh hi.

Upna, mawh kisikkikna, leh tuiphumna: gupna ih ngah theihna dingin upna, mawhna pan kisikkik

ding, tuaciangin kituiphum ding cih a thupitna lim hilh uh hi. Justin in a genna ah, “Tuiphumna bek…

in mawhna pan a kisikkik mite siangsakna hi a, tua pen nuntakna tui ahi hi” ci in gelh hi.

Tuiphumna ah phuisamdan: Greek Apologists hunsungin Jesu min tawh ki tuiphumna kizanglai hi

cih kimu hi. Gentehna in, “the Acts of Paul and Thecla (Titus), cih laibu pen 100-200 kikal hunsung a

kigelh hi in, “Jesu min tawh ki tuiphumna” kician tak in gelh hi. Hih hunsungin “The Shepherd of

Hermas” cih laibu a minthang mahmah hunsung hi a, Jesu min tawh ki tuiphumna kigelh hi ci in ih

sin khin zo hi.

AD 150 kim pawl in, Justin laibu sung leh ama thuhilhna ah tuiphum ciangin phuisamna tawh kisai

hong kilamdang pian hi leh kilawm hi: “Pa leh vannuai khempeuh Topa, eite hong gumpa Jesu

Khazih leh Khasiangtho, Pasian min tawh” ci in kigelh hi. (in the name of God, the Father, and Lord

of the universe, and of our Savior Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit). Trinity te phuisam dan tawh

bel kibang tuanlo hi. Tapa cihna ding mun ah “eite hong gumpa Jesu Khazih” cih min pulak hamtang

hi. Jesu minbek a zatlohna pen a lamdang lo khat ah, Justin in Jesu pen a sangpen Pasian (the supreme

God) dingin sang zolo hi. Ahizongin, Jesu min in vangliatna nei a hihlam pen nak up mahmah leuleu

hi. Nekkhawm bawlciangin zong, “phatna leh minthannate vannuai khempeuh ii Pa tung leh Tapa leh

Khasiangtho min tawh” (praise and glory to the Fathe of the universe, through the name of the Son


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and of the Holy Ghost) ci in kigelh hi. Modern Trinity umte in Justin pen heretic khat in ciamteh uh

hi, bang hang hiam cih leh Tapa leh Pa kikal zaa kikimlo cih thu ah ahi hi. AD 1056 kim pan in a

kimukhia “the Didache” cih laibu pen Apologists gelh ding in ki um a, tua sungah Jesu min tawh

tuiphumna leh to thumna tawh tuiphumna kigelh khawm hi.

Khasiangtho hong kilahkhiatzia: Gupngahna dingin Khasiangtho lo tawh kingahlo hi ci in hun

khempeuh (trhough church history) ah kithukim ciat hi. Ahizongin, Khasiangtho letsongte leh

Khasiangtho tungtawn in apiang na lamdang tuamtuamte bang ci bangin mite in gen hiam cih ih

theihnop thukhat ahi hi.

Justin in a genna ah, “Pentecost ni mah bangin, Khasiangtho nasepna leh Khasiangtho letsong cihte

muh theih in hong omzel hi,” ci in gelh hi. Apologists te hunsung a, Khristian a langpan mahmah

mipil khat Celcus (Greek philosopher) in a genna ah, hih Khristiante in kamsang in kam tuamtuam in

pau uh hi ci in, a zahko na laibu ah gelh hi. Origen (AD 250) in zong ama hunlai in Khasiangtho

letsongte tawh kisai na genpha hi.

Nek-Khawm: Apologists hun lai in Topa nekhawm ah Khazih in a ompihna thu ki limgen hi.

Laigelh kua hilian hiam a kitel loh hang in, RC hong pianma hun hi a, hih Apologists hun sungin,

nekkhawm khomun leh lenggahzu sungah Khazih mahmah in a hingtangin ompih hi ci in, a

kipuahpha laibute kigelh a, man taktak dinghiam cih kuamah in khensat ngamlo hi.

Hun Nunnung Thu: Post-Apostolic laigelhna maban zom uh a, Greek Apologists hun in zong

mailam thupiang dingte limgen uh hi. Jesu hong paikik hun ding ngaklah in om uh hi. Tua ciangin,

kum tul khat sung leitungah Jesu in hong uk ding hi ci in lametna lianpi nei uh hi.

Siangtho nuntakna: Apologists laikhakte pen Rome kumpite tung leh kumpi nasemte tung ahih man

in, Khristian nuntakna tawh kisai lim genlo uh hi. Ahizongin, Khristian khat in leitung mite bangin

gamtalo in gamtat hoih, hehpihna nei, itna nei, itna lakkhia ding cihte a huampi in gen hi. Tatian leh

Theophilus in khauhtak in a gen uh khat om a, Rome kumpite pawi bawlna (uangtatna tawh

kimawlna) te ah Khristian te kihel lo ding, ngun leh khamte oklo, bulhloh ding lim gen uh hi.

Athenagoras laikung panin, nau phiatna leh kikhen khitciangin zi neihkik hoihlo ahihna thu limgen hi.

Hialbawlna

Apologists tawh kisai ih ciapteh ding khat ah, Khristian upna pen Greek philosophy sungah hong

tunpih mipilte hong suak uh hi. Khristian omzia pen philosophy tawh kilamdang lo hi ci in hong

makaihte hongsuak uh hi. Sawltakte hilhna tawh lam tampi ah hong kaak-sak uh hi. Milim biate

biakna kammalte Khristian kammal hong suaksakte ahi uh hi. Laisiangtho in a hilhna zah sangin

lungsim leh pilna in bangci ciang nasem thei (rationalism) cih lam ah hong kalsuan pih zaw uh hi.

Rome kumpi in Khristian a bawlsiatna pan in a khawlna ding uh Apologists te ngimna leh tupna

lianpi khat hi a, ahizongin, Greek philosophy sungah thuk lut lua uh a hih man in, a nunglam ciangin

Khristian doctrine khempeuh a tamzaw Greek philosophy tawh hong tonkhawm mawk hi. Tua te

damdam in sinto lai ding hi hang.


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THE OLD CATHOLIC HUN (AD 170-325)

Catholic Bulpi hong kipatna thu ci in The Old Catholic hun ci in AD 170-325 ciang ih huamsak hi.

Bang hanghiam cih leh AD 325 hunciangin, Nicea Council hongpiang a, thu tampi hong kilumlet

phasan hi. Catholic ih ciangin, tuhun a Roman Catholic tawh kisai khalo ahihna phawkciat ni. Roman

Catholic zong om nai kiuhkeuh lo hi. Khristian khempeuh pen Catholic akici ahi hi. Catholic a

khiatna in “universal or international” “van tangpi nuaisiah or mun khempeuh” cihna ahi hi. Khristian

khempeuh upna leh sandan kibangkimlo, sawltakte upna pan in kal tampi pialkhia hi mah leh

Khristian a kicih nak leh pawlpi khat bangin kingaihsun uh hi.

Hih Old Catholic hun sungin Doctrine thak tampi hong piangkhia hi, Rome kumpi in lah Khristian

omna khempeuh ah zongsak in a nasia penpen bawlsiat hunpi sung a hi hi. Tertullian in Trinity cih

upna leh kammalte nasiatak in Khristian dangte tungah a genkhiat hunpi sung (AD 210), naungek

tuiphum ding cih zong Tertullian mahin hong pulak khia hi; biakinn nasiatakin lamding hong kipat

hunsung uh hi bilbel hi (AD 230); thu um mite tuiphumna ah tuitheh zat ding cih Cyprian in hong gen

hi (AD 250); Khristiante upna leh ki makaihna ah khauhtakin a kalsuan hunsung hi a, phungzi bang a

nuntakna tawh omding (zi neilo a, Pasian nasep ding, tulai Pope dan) a kipat hunpi sung (Anthony

270), cih bang danin thu tampi apiang hunsung ahi hi.

Sang Minthang Thumte (Three Major Schools)

Rome ukna gam lim dungzui in Khristian te adingin zong Doctrine leh ki ukna zia kihilh ding a kisam

ahih manin sang minthumte ih sin ding hi:

1. Nitumna lam Sang: hih munsan ah thunei leh thuhilh minthang nih om a, tuate in Irenaeus leh

Hippolytus ahi uh hi. A nih un Asia minor pan a khangkhia ahi uh hi. Ahizongin, amau nasepna

mun tuamtuam leh gam tuamtuam ah a kizelte ahi uh hi. Gaul gam lam ah Iranaeus hong kisuan

in, Lyons gam ah bishop hong sem hi (178-200), tua mun san ah Rome ukna gam adingin

nitumna lam hongsuak in, tua gam a om Khristian te omzia a theipen hongsuak hi. Irenaeus

nungzui a hingei, Hippolytus (170-235) in Rome ah a sep theih bangin Pasian thu honghilh

kawikawi hi. Greek pau leh lai zang hi.

2. Africa sang: Rome ukna gam adingin saklam gam ahi hi. Tangpi leh zum ah Latin pau leh lai

kizang hi. Latin kampau leh lai akizatna mun ah theologians minthangte sungah Tertullian (150-

225), a laigelhte pen 196 kum pawlpan in hong minthangta hi. Ama nungzui mi khat zong a

minthang mahmah Cyprian cih min nei khat ahi hi. Tertullian pen local ah bishop (pastor) sepna

mun taktak nei lo a, local upa ciang ahi hi—ahizongin, ama pattahsa a nungzui Cyprian pen a

kituiphum zawh kum nih khitciangin Carthage khua ah bishop (pastor) in kizang hi (248-258).

Hih nitumna lam gam theology (western theology) tawh kisai a min nei phadiak nihte in

Tertullian leh Augustine ahi uh hi. Augustine bel AD 450 kim pawl a, mi khat ahi hi.

3. Nisuahna khanglam Sang: Rome ukna gamgi dungzui in nisuahna pan a khanglam Izipt gam

sungpan in Alexandria khua ah mipil minthang tampi hongpiang khia hi. Hih khua pen BC 250

kum pawl in thuciam Lui khempeuh Greek version tawh a kiteikhiatna khua khat ahi hi. Greek

pilna (philosophy) leh ngeina (culture) te a ki uang mahmah na khuapi Alexander the Great

mintap khuapi khat ahi hi. Hih khuapi pan in a minthang phadiak Clement of Alexandria (150-

215) ahi hi (Clement of Rome tawh theikhial kei in). Ama sih khit ciangin a nungzui Origen (185-

254) in hong zomto leuleu hi. Clement leh Origen te pen Alexandria khuapi pan a minthang


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mahmah theologian hong suak uh a, Greek philosophy te khempeuh naak khat asuak uh hi.

Clement leh Origen te in pastor sem ngeilo uh hinapi in lai hilh leh laigelh siam minthang

mahmah te a hi uh hi. Eastern Theology ci in nisuahna lam tawh kisai theology pupite hongsuak

uh hi.

Hih a tunga mi minthang gukte pen, amau hunlai sangin zong amau nung ah doctrine tawh kisai pawlpi

lungsim a kilamdangsak zote ahi uh hi. Tuni ciang dong Khristian doctrine tuamtuamte a thu tuamtuam

tawh upna hong kipat khiatna bulpite ahi uh hi. Amau gukte ban ah, a minthang zawdeuh amau sang

naupangte honkhat om lai hi. Hih a minthang zawdeuh gukte tawh amau thu a tuam in ih sin khawm ding

hi:

Mi Minthang Zawdeuhte

Ireneaus, Bishop of Lyons

Pawlpi laibu sungah AD 200 kum kim in Irenaeus si a, amah pen Polycarp nungzui mikhat ahi hi, kici hi.

Polycarp pen It Johan nungzui mi khat ahi hi. Irenaeus laigelhna khat ah, “ka khangno hunciang dong

Polycarp ka mungei a, hun sawtpi sung ka omkhawm uh hi” ci hi. Irenaeus leh Hippolytus pen Asia

Minor pan in a khangkhia mi khat hi a, Gaul gam lam ah Irenaeus kikhin a, Roman gam ukna sunga khua

minthang khat ahi Lyons khua ah 178-200 kum dong bishop sem hi. Irenaeus nungzui mi ahi Hippolytus

in Rome khuapi ah 170 pan 235 kumciang bishop sem hi.

Irenaeus laibu gelh a tangpi zawdeuh in Gnostic pawlte upna nakpitakin mawhsakna 182 pan188

kumciang dong laibu tampi Greek original tawh gelh khia a, Latin lai tawh kiletkhia kik hi. A kum

tawpna lam ah “Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching” “Sawltakte thugena” cih laibu Greek tawh

gelh a, Armenian lai tawh AD 600 kim in ki letkhia hi. Philososphy a bulphuh Gnostic pawlte mawhsakna

tawh kisai in Thukhun Thak a bulphuh phadiak theologian ci in Irenaeus kiciam hi. Greek philosophy a

zawh theihna dingin, Greek philosophy ngaihsutdan Logos doctrine tawh hilhcianna bawl zawlo in

Thukhun Thak leh sawltakte doctrine ci in pansan in neizaw mi khat ahi hi. Ahizongin, mun khat khat ah

Justin ngaihsutna zong tampi mah helkha veve hi. Irenaeus gelh doctrines te anuai ah ensuk ni:

Doctrine of God and of Christ: Irenaeus in a genna ah Pasian khat hi in, Jesu pen Pasian taktak ahihna

leh mihing zong ahihna thu gen hi. Pasian pen hihna nam thum Pa, Tapa (Word), Khasiangtho (Wisdom(

in hong kilang ahihna zong gen hi. Tuhun a, Oneness thu um mite gendan tawh kineh penpen hi.

Tangtawng Pasian khat bek pen Pa hi a, Pa’ lungsim khempeuh pen Tapa gamtatna ah kimu thei hi, Tapa

pen a kimutheilo Pa ahi hi, ci hi. Tua a kimutheilo Pa leh Khasiangtho min in Jesu ahi hi ci in hilhcian hi.

Pa pen mi khempeuh muh theih ding leh teltheih dingin Tapa in hongpai a, Pa ih cih pen akimu theilo

E

N

W

Khua : Carthage (Africa) Theologians : 1) Tertullian, 2) Cyprian

Kampau & Lai : Latin

Khua : Rome (Italy)

Theologians : 1) Irenaeus leh Hippolytus Kampau & Lai : Latin

Khua : Alexandria (Izipt)

Theologians : 1) Clement 2) Origen Kampau & Lai : Latin


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muh theih in hong om Tapa hi a, tua ahih man in Jesu pen a sapciangin “Our Father” (“kote Pa”), “our

Savior” (“kote Gumpa”) “the Son and Word of God” and “Spirit” (“Tapa leh Thu” cih leh Pasian

Khasiangtho”) ci in hilhcian hi. Justin kammal zat mah zang veve in, Piancil 1:26, Pasian in Thu leh

Khasiangtho tungah a gen hi ding hi ci in, a hilhcianna zong om kawikawi in, ahizongin trinity ngaihsutna

hih hun in om nailo ahih man in, Irenaeus din mun pen telhak simsim hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Greek

Apologist, Justin ngaihsutna in mipi tampi tak lungsim zo veve hi.

Irenaeus doctrine hoihtakin ih etciang in Pasian khat pen hunpi thum ah hong kilang (manifestation)

ahihna gen a, namthum (distict persons)ahi hi ci in gen ngeilo hi. A gelhna ah, “khat bek ahi Pa Pasian a

neite ih hi a, mihing bangin hongsuak (incarnate) Tapa hi in, Khasiangtho letsong atang te ih hi hi” ci hi.

Sawltakte upna ci in a gelhna hibangin gelh hi: “Pasian khat sungah, vantung, leitung leh tuipi, a sunga

om khempeuh a bawl PA; gupkhiatna ih ngahna dingin mihing bangin hong pai Khazih Jesu, Pasian

Tapa; Pasian hunkhenna (dispensations) sung khempeuh ah thugen leh a tangko Khasiangtho, ih um hi” ci

in gelh hi.

Irenaeus laikung pan in hun khenpi, nasepna leh tangkona ci in namthum in gen hi. Trinitarian scholars te

in, Irenaeus laikung pan in “Economic Trinity” (Nam thum gawm Pasian) bulphuh a, a genna kimu lo hi,

ci uh hi. Oneness um mite adingin, Irenaeus dinmun pen Laisiangtho Pasian khat leh tulai trinity te din

mun kikal ah om hi, ci in kimu hi. Tulai trinity te’n zong pomkhin zolo uh a hangpen Pasian khat bek tua

in Jesu hi, ahizongin, Pa, Thu, Khasiangtho cih kammal a zatna mun pawlkhatte ah Greek Apologist,

Justin philosophy tampi kihel kha ahih man in, Pasian khat bek cih doctrine adingin a thanemna zong

tawmtawm hong om hi. Sawltakte upna pan in damdam in dau semsem ahihna uh leh Greek philosophy

sungah damdam in lut semsem ahihna uh ih telthei hi.

Khazih tungtawnin gupkhiatna doctrine: Khazih pen mihing hihna zong 100% mah anei hi a, a sisan

tawh hong tankhia ahihna thu gen hi. Nekkhawm bawlciangin khomun leh lenggah zu in Khazih taksa leh

sisan ahi hi, ci in gelh a, ahizongin Khazih taksa leh sisan takpi mah bangin a genna omlo hi, phawkna

tawh a kibawl ahihna thu gen hi.

Upna, Mawh kisikkikna, leh Tuiphumna Doctrine: Irenaeus genna ah, gupngahna dingin upna, mawh

kisikkikna leh tuiphumnate a bucin kisam hi, ci hi. Ki tuiphumna pen pianthakna dingin kalsuanna khat

ahi hi, ci hi. A genna ah, “tulai upna paikhialte (heresies) in, Pasian um in pianthakna ah Khristian

khempeuh upna ahi ki tuiphumna kisamlo hi ci in nial uh hi”, ci hi. Hih thu ih ngaihsut ciangin, Ireneaus

khanghun ciangciang pen ki tuiphumna in ‘piangthak mi khat in a zatloh a phamawh’ ahihna thu kimuthei

hi. Irenaeus hun lai a, thugen leh laigelh khempeuh in tuiphumna pen mawhna maina, mawh sawpna khat

in kizang hi, cih kimu thei hi. Irenaeus gen na ah, Gnostics upna paikhialte a ki tuiphum uh ciangin “Jesu

sungah a om a kitheilo Pa min tawh” ki tuiphum uh hi, ci hi. Ama upna leh zatna a genna ah, “tui cih

thusim sungah, ih mawhna lui (former sins) khempeuh ih sawpnasiangna dingin Topa min tawh a

kituiphumte ih hi hi” ci hi. Tua Topa min in Jesu ahihna thu ih tel hi. Ahizongin, a genna a mundang laibu

khat “Demonstration” sungah, “ih mawhna khempeuh panin hong kimaisak theihna dingin Pa Pasian min,

Pasian Tapa Jesu Khazih min tawh, amah pen mihing bangin hongpiang si, kivui leh a thokik hi a,

Khasiangtho min tawh” ci in gelh deudau hi. Ki tuiphumna ah phuisamzia tawh kisai in Irenaeus zatzia

kilamdang hi ding hiam, ama laigelh a kiletkhiatnate ah kipuahpha hi ding hiam cih ngaihsut huai hi.

Ahizongin, Justin mah bangin Jesu min cih kihelsak veve hi. Tulai trinity te zatdan lianin zang tuanlo hi.


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Ahizongin, sawltakte in Jesu min tawh cih dan linlian in lah zangtuanlo kawikawi hi, akikal ah a om hi, ih

cihna zong tua hang ahi hi.

Khasiangtho hong kilahkhiatzia doctrine:Jesu min na upna uh hangin Khasiangtho na ngah uh hi, ci in

gelh hi. Khasiangtho tawh a kidim mite kamtuam in pau hi ci in gelh hi. Tua Khasiangtho tungtawnin na

lamdang tampi piang in, dawite kihawlkhia a, Jesu min tawh a kisam thu um khempeuh tungah a piang a

hi hi, ci in gelh hi. Hih thu ih ngaihsut ciangin, Irenaeus hun ciangciang pen Khristian khempeuh in

kamtuam pauna na zanglai uh a, Khasiangtho letsong tuamtuamte zong Khrsitian sungah nasiatakin na

ngah uh, na zang uh hi cih kimu thei hi.

Asiangto nuntakna doctrine: Ireneaus hilhna ah, Khristian eite in leitung uangtatna, taksa vaite

khempeuh pelh in Kha tawh kidim in omzaw ni ci hi. A mawhsak mahmah Gnostic pawlte ngaihsutna

hang zong hi a, ahizongin siangtho nuntakna tawh kisai in a malmal in a genna alaibu sungah kitam

muhlo a, atangpi in a genna kimu hi.

Hippolytus

Ih gensa mah bangin, hun sawtsim sung Hippolytus in Irenaeus nungzui ngei mi khat hi a, Asia minor pan

in a khangkhia masa tuak uh ahi hi. Hippolytus Rome khuapi hong tunciangin, Rome khua ah bishop a

sem Callistus tawh nakpitakin hong kithutuaklo hi. Hippolytus leh amah a zui thu um honkhat tawh local

tuam sat in hong paikhia uh a, tua mun ah 170 pan 235 kumciang dong Bishop sem hi. Hippolytus leh

Callistus kituaklohna pen doctrine vai ah ahi hi. RC pawlpi tangthu sungah Callistus pen pope khanggui

ah akiciamteh khat ahi hi (Ahang pen Rome khua ah Hippolytus tunma in Callistus in bishop na sem

masa zaw a, senior zaw ahih man in Pope khang-gui simna ah Rome khua ah bishop sem khempeuh

tulaitak Francis pan kipan in sawltak Piter ciangdong pope khangzui in a ciamtehna dan uh ahi hi).

Ahizongin, a lamdang khat ah Hippolytus doctrine omzia pen RC in hoihsa uh ahih man in, Hippolytus

pen misiangtho (saint) khat in ciamteh bilbel uh a, Callistus pen pope khangzui sungah hel vetse uh hi.

AD 236 kum pawl in Hippolytus si a, amah pen Irenaeus sangnaupang khat hingei hi. Ahizongin,

Hippolytus in ama ngaihsutna danin doctrine tuam tampi nei hi. Rome a tun ciangin bishops Zephyrinus

leh Callistus tawh nasiatakin kilehdo uh a, Callistus in a pawlpi member hihna pan in hawlkhia hi. Trinity

upna lamah nasiatakin a kalsuan mi khat hi in Tertullian doctrine a gahsuahsak mi khat ahi hi. Pasian khat

um Sabellius upna nasiatak in a langpan mikhat ahi hi. Ama laibu minthang phadiak khat pen “The

Refutation of All Heresies” (Upna Paikhial khempeuh Pholakna).

Tertullian (AD 150-225)

Africa mi khat hi in, Latin lai a kizatna gam ahi hi. Africa mi sungpan in theologian minthang zawdeuh

nihte in Tertullian leh Augustine ahi hi. Tertullian in a kum 46 kim (AD 196) pawl pan in laigelh hong

kipanta hi. Ama nungzuite sungpan in a minthang zawdeuh khat om a, Cyprian cih minnei khat ahi hi.

Pawlpi ah thuneihna leh bishop taktak Tertullian in sem ngeilo in, a nungzui pa ahih leh Carthage khua ah

248-258 (kum 10) sung bishop sem hi. Tertullian pen mipil khat hi in, a laibu gelh bu 40 te tuni

ciangdongin sim theih ding in kimuthei lai a, milim biate sim ding, Khrisian life, doctrine, upna paikhialte

mawhsakna cih tuamtuam laibute ahi hi. A omna pawlpi pan in AD 177 kum in kihawlkhia a, Montanists

pawl tawh nasem khawm hi. Modalism a paakta Rome khua Bishop (Bishop Victor hikha thei) tawh

nakpitakin ki langpan tuak uh hi.

Tertullian in Upna sangin Reason (ngaihsutna) bulphuh masa zaw a, philosophy a hih leh nial hi. Khazih

sihna leh thawhkikna pen ih upna a hangin a piangthei ngeilo ding khat ahihna hang ahi hi, ci hi.

Tertullian theology tawh kisai in, Greek Apologists ngaihsutna bulphuhto a, Greek philosophy a lunglut

mite in nakpitakin Tertullian theology pen thupisa uh hi. Tertullian theology tawm ensuk ni:


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Doctrines of God and Christ: Trinity cih kammal pen Latin pau (trnitas) tawh aki zangkhia mukhia

masa penpen hi a, a zangkhia masa penpen Tertullian ahi hi. Africa gam pan a khangkhia Tertullian in

Latin laimal vive mah tawh hong patkhiat masak Trnitas cih kammal sungah nam thum/mipum thum (tres

personae)te in hihna khat (una subsstantia/English one substance) cih tawh kisai zong Latin lai mah tawh

a gelhkhia masa penpen ahi hi. Pawlpi tangthu gelh (church historians) te in Tertullian pen Khristian

trnity pupi (father of Christian trinitarianism) cih minphatna pia uh hi. A telnop in ah, Greek Apologists te

in Logos doctrine ci in Greek ngaihsutna tawh hong gelhkhiat uh pen Pasian khat sungah mipum thum om

hi ci in, a gahsuaksak Tertullian kici thei hi.

A taktak in, Tertullian trinity ngaihsut dan leh tulai Trinity upna kibangkimlo hi. Tertullian upna ah,

Pasian pen khat bek mah hi in, leitung te a kipiansak ma in kipawlkhawm (unitary being) Pasian

hongpiang hi, ci hi. A genna ah, Leitung a kipiansak madeuh in Pasian in Tapa khat nei (beget) a, tuapan

kipan in Pasian pen Pa cih min hong nei hi, ci hi. Hih a nihna pen (Pasian Tapa) pen vangliatna, thuneihna

leh bangkim ah a Pa sungah kinga (subordinate) hi, ci hi. Pasian hihna khempeuh bucinna ah Pa hi a,

Tapa pen hong kilangkhia dingin Pasian ngaihsutna (reason, Word, Logos) ahi hi, ci hi. Pa leh Tapa kikal

gentehna khat zanga, Ni leh a tannna (the sun and rays). Nisa hi, ni lumlua ih cih pen a ni taktak hilo in, a

vangtangkhia bek ahi hi. A lumna, a satna, a tanna pen Ni ih cikei hi, tua mah bangin, Pasian hihna

sungah (in the Godhead) Pa leh Tapa pen Pasian mah kicithei tuak hi, a taktak in Pa pen Pasian taktak

(Ni) hi a,Tapa pen bangkim ah a zom (secondary position)ahi hi, ci hi.

Tua ahih man in, tawntung hihna tawh kisai in Tapa pen Pa tungtawnin hong kipan ahih man in Pa thu

bek tawh a gamtang (subordination) ahi hi. Hih pen Greek Apologists te ngaihsutna tawh kituak hi.

Tertullian thuklut zawlai a, Khasiangtho pen a thumna bang hangin kici hiam cih leh, Pa leh Tapa pan in

hong piangkhia, hong kisawl khia a hi hi, ci hi. Khasiangtho thu tawh kisai tam genlua lo hi, a tangpi in

Pa leh Tapa tungah kinga (subordinate to the Father and the Son) cih ciang in gen hi. Mailam hong

tungding hun khatciangin Pasian khat sungah pumthum hihnate a bei hun hong om ding hi (three persons

in the Godhead would cease in the days to come), ci hi. Pa sungpan in Tapa leh Khasiangtho hong

paikhiat hun a om mah bangin, Pa sungah a ciahkik hun uh hong om pelmawh ding hi, ci hi. Pa, Tapa leh

Khasiangtho pen Pasian hihna, tawntung, vanglianta leh bangkim ah kibanglo hi ci hi. Pa bek mah

original hi a, a dang nihna leh thumna te pen kipat hun nei hi, ci hi. Tua ahih man in, trinity kammal hong

zangkhia masa penpen Tertullian ngaihsutna pen tulai trinity umte tawh a upna uh kibanglo leuleu hi.

Trinity upna a nei masa penpen upna pen upna manlo hi ci in, trinity umte mah in mawhsak uh hi. Bang

hang hiam cih leh trinity upna pen mipil khat in hong puahpha toto in, a kipuahphat sim in a masa tawh

kibang thei ngeilo hi.

Tertullian in hih trnity (malpum thum)te in Pasian hihna khat bek neikhawm uh hi ci hi. Tulai trinity upna

ah Pasian hihna zong a tuamtek, Pasian hihna leh bangkim kikim ciat uh hi, a tuamtek hi ci uh hi

thuahkhawm lo hi ci hi (modern trinitarianism stated that coessentiality or consubstantiality). Tertullian

genna ah, vantungmite nangawn in Pasian hihna sungah kinga uh a, mimal tuamtek hi veve uh hi, tua mah

bangin Tapa leh Khasiangtho pen hizawkan lai hi, ci hi. Tertullian a langpang te in Pasian thum um

himawklo na hiam a cih ciangin, Pasian thum cihna hilo in mal thum a ci ka hi hi, (three divine persons

but not three gods) ci in dawngkik hi. Amah a langpangte in Khristian upna Pasian khat (monotheism)

tawh kilehbulh lua theology khawlsan in ci in, gen uh a, ahizongin, amah in Khristian a tamzaw in

ngaihsun theilo, pilna neilo (unwise, unlearned) uh hi, ci in dawngkik hi. A zawdeuh in tua hunlai

Khristian a tamzawte in Pasian khat bek hi a, tua pen Tapa bangin hongpai in amin Jesu hi ci in um uh hi.

Tertullian hunlaitak a Rome khua ah bishop sem Victor tawh nakpitakin doctrine vai ah kisia uh a, tua

hun lai in Pasian khat bek a pom mite pen modalism ci in Church historian te in minpia uh hi.

Tertullian in Khazih tawh kisai in hihna namnih (two natures) nei a mihing hihna leh Pasian hihna

(human and divine) nei hi, ci in hilh hi. A tuamtuak hi a, ahizongin a ki pumkhat a hi hi, ci hi.


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Mihing Doctrine (Anthopology): Mihing pumpi leh khate pen nu sungpan ih suahcil hunpan in a kiluah

suksuk hi a, Adam khialhna hangin mi khempeuh a mawhsa in ih suak hi ci in hilh hi (Traducian). Pasian

ih up theihna dingin a mawhsa ih hih hangin, Pasian phawktheihna khat pen mihing lungsim sungah

omlai a, Pasian hehpihna pen ih pom ding, ih san ding, ih up theih ding kisam hi, ci hi. Tatkhiatsa,

misiangtho dingin hong kiciamteh khin zo cih upna (predestination theory) umlo hi. Ahizongin, gupna a

ngah mikhat in teci apan ciangin tua Jesu tungtawnin lei pianma pek in hong honkhia khinzo hi ci’n teci

pangthei hi, ci hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh mi khempeuh in suakta takin ngaihsut theihna (freedom of the

will) kinei hi, ci hi.

Gupkhiatna doctrine (soteriology): On Repentance and On Baptism cih laibu sung leh a laibu dangte

ah, pianthakna dingin mawh kisikkikna leh tuiphumna pen a tonkhawm hi ci in hilh hi. Tua pen tui leh

kha tawh suahkikna lo tawh piangthak kici thei ngeilo hi, ci hi. Tui tawh suakkikna pen ih mawhna

sawpsiangna hi a, Khasiangtho ih ngahna dingin lampi a honsak ahi hi, ci hi. Mawhna lian (major sins) a

bawl mi pen anih veina kisikkik (nih vei ki tuiphum) ding cih bang hitheilo hi, ci hi.

A genna ah, Pasian in gupkhiatna lampi hong honsak a, mawh kisikikna pen hongpiak letsong hi, ci hi.

Mi khat peuh in mawhna maisak theilo a, Pasian lobuangin Khasiangtho pia theilo hi ci hi. Gupkhiatna

pen ih pomtheih mateng gupngah cih bang om theilo a, “mi khat peuh tui leh Kha tawh a suahkik kei leh

Pasian gam tung cih bang om theilo hi”. Upna a nei mi khat pen ki tuiphum hamtang ding hi a, tuiphumna

omlo in gupna ngah cih bang om theilo hi, ci hi. Dik kisakna pen upna hang hi a, mawh kisikkikna in

mawhna hong kimaisakna dingin a zolkhia namkhat hongsuak hi, ci hi. Mawhna a beisiang theihna dingin

Pasian a lungkimsak thei namkhat bek om a, tua pen mawhmaina dingin tui phumna phualpi ahi hi, ci hi.

Hih kammal pen a khuanung ciangin hong kipuah pha toto a, “doctrine of penance” (mawh maisakna

dingin pulakna thubulpi), kici hi.

Tui sung ngiat ah phum ding in Tertullian in gen a, mi khat a kituiphum ciangin thumvei zel phum hi. A

kiphum zawh kal khat sung peuhmah tuisungah tuak kiklo ding, kisil lo ding ci in hilh hi. Phuisamna ah

Pa, Tapa, leh Khasiangtho min tawh ci in phum hi. Mt.28:19 lian bangin a zang masa penpen leh a hilh

masa penpen hi a, trinity kammal leh doctrine tawh phum ding a gen masa penpen khat hongsuak hi.

Justin leh Ireneaus te in min sau deudau tawh hilh uh hih mah leh, Tertullian hilhna pen Mt. 28:19 tawh

kibanglian hi. Piangthakte tungah Khasiangtho letsong kipia ahihna leh kamtuam paunate thupit ngaihsut

mahmah hi. Khasiangtho letsong leh kamtuampauna cihte pen amaan pawlpi ih hihna hong kilangsak hi,

ci hi. Khasiangtho lesong a sangtheilo Marcionites kici pawlpi om a, tuate mawhsakna lai tampi gelh hi.

Khristian nuntakna doctrine: A siangtho Khristian nuntakna pen a bulphuh mahmah mi khat ahi hi.

“Theh Shows” cih a laibu sungah, Khristian ih hih leh milim biakna pawite, kimawlna te, leh uangtatna

khempeuh pelh ding ci in khauhtakin gen hi. Numei tawh uangtatna te, zi/pasal makna leh zi neihkikna te

zatloh ding ci hi. A khengval lua a numei kizop loh ding, sam bawldan, a tam manlua puan, zungbuh,

khainiang cih te pen milim biate kizep dan hi a, Khristian ten zatloh ding ahi hi, ci hi.

Cyprian

Tertullian nungzui mi khat hi a, Cyprian a tuiphum khit kum nih ciangin Carthage khua ah kum 10 (248-

258)sung bishop sem hi. Tertullian mah bangin Trinity upna a khauh let mahmah mi khat ahi hi.

Tuiphumna pen pianthakna dingin a kisam mahmah kalsuanna khat hi ci in hilh hi. A siangtho Khristian

nuntakna a bulphuh mahmah mi khat hi a, a uanglua gamtatna, kizemna, zi neihkikna cihte zatloh ding

cihte hilh hi. Ama hunlaii a Rome khuapi a om bishop Stephen tawh doctrine vai ah nakpitakin

kithutuaklo uh a, ahizongin amau omna local ciat ah bishop mah ahi uh hi. Hih hun laitakiin Rome khuapi

a om thu um m ite leh Khristian a tamzaw in Pasian khat bek ci in um uh hi. Rome khua a om Bishop in a

genna ah min lianpen gupkhiatna min Jesu hi a, Jesu min bek tawh tuiphum ding a hi hi, ci hi. Ahizongin,

Cyprian in Jesu a that Jew mite bek Jesu min tawh a ki tuiphum ding uh ahi hi, ci in hilh hi.


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Naupang tuiphum leh tuisungah phumna ahilo tuitak tawh kisai Cyprian hun pan in hong kizang hi.

Ahizongin, tui sungah phum ding pen a thuman hi a, damlo mite leh naungekte pen tuitak zat ding hoih

hi, ci in Cyprian in gen hi.

Pawlpi ki makaihna tawh kisai in Bishop Stephen leh Cyprian kikal ah buaina nasiatakin om a, tuate in

upna paikhial mite a nihveina kituiphum kik ding kisam hi, cih thu ahi hi. Pasian in pawlpi tungah

thuneihna apiakte ci’n Cyprian gen na ah, (1) Gupkhiatna pen pawlpi thukhensatna sungah kinga, pawl

pualam ah om theilo hi. (2) Pawlpi thuneihna cih pen bishop te khensatna bangbang a hi hi. Gupna ih

ngah theihna ding in a ki tangsam ahi tuiphumna pen pawlpi picing khat ah bishop thukimna tawh a hih

leh tua pen thuman ahi hi. Hih Cyprian ngaihsutna pen ama sihzawh kum bang zah hiam ciangin Roman

Catholic bylaws hongsuak hi. Rome khua ah bishop a sem pen leitung bup makai pi hi a, Pope ci in min

vawh uh hi. Mawh maisakna leh gupkhiatna nangawn Pope piak theih ding in pawlpi in bylaws bawl uh

hi. Cyprian ngaihsutna leuleu ah tua ciang dong hoihsa khin lo hi. Rome khuapi bishop pen a makai zong

hithei mah hi, ahizongin, doctrine leh bangkim ama thuneihna nuai ah koih ding pen sianglo hi ci in

ngaihsun hi.

Clement of Alexandria (AD 150-215)

AD 215 kim a si, Alexandria khuami Clement pen Greek Apologists te hunlai a theiban (a lapman) mi

khat ahi hi. Greek philosophy, Greek kammal (terminology) te a bulphuh phadeuh mi khat leh Greek

philosophy tungtawn a hongpiang Logos doctrine cihte ah Greek Apologists ngaihsutna a zomto mi khat

ahi hi. Greek pawlpi leh Greek minam sungpan hong khangkhia khempeuh lak pan in a minthang masa

penpen theologian khat ahihna tawh “the first of the Greek fathers” (Greek misate sungpan papen) cih

minphatna historians te in pia uh hi. Alexandria khuapi pan a khangkhia leh tua khuapi ah a hun

khempeuh bei a, Alexandrian theology pupi cihna zong minphatna kipia hi. A laibu gelh minthang

zawdeuh te: “the Exhortation to the Heathen (Thu umlo te tungah gupna thu gendan), “The Instructor”

(Gupngahsate tungah “Lamlak”), “The Miscellanies” (Hong Paikhialsakte).

Clement a pianthakma in zong philosopher na hikhin ngei a, mipil mahmah khat a hi hi. Theihna (ciimna)

pen ngaihsut siamna sangin thupi zaw hi ci in ngaihsun hi. Tertullian tawh aki lehbulhna khat om a,

Clement in upna sangin theihna thupi masa zaw hi, ci hi. Theihna om masalo in bang ci uptheih ding ih hi

hiam, ci hi. Laisiangtho tawh kisai in “allegorical interpretation” (gentehna/omzia nei dan in a khiatna

ngaihsut ding) bang dan vive in a khiatna ngaihsun hi. A taktak omlo a, deihna nei vive in a kigelh

Laisiangtho ahi hi ci in ngaihsun hi. Gtn, Mihaupa leh Lazarus pen a taktak hilo in, deihna nei in Jesu in a

gen lel a hihi. San tuipi kangsat lo hi, deihna nei a kigelh Laisiangtho hi ci in ngaihsun hi. Ama

ngaihsutna khempeuh a nung hong zomto Origen theology ah kimu thei hi. Laisiangtho leh Greek

philosophy thuahkhawm a hih hangin, Khristian nuntakna tawh kisai in nasia takin a bulphuh mikhat hi a,

kum zalom 20 hun a Pentecostal movement tawh kibang mahmah hi.

“The Instructor” cih laibu sungah, Clement in leitung uangtatna te nakpi in mawhsak hi: a khengval a

kizepna, sam bawlzia, a tam manlua tawh kizemnate, ngun leh kham tawh kizemna, mi lungsim a

nawngkai sakthei puansilhnate, guihtheih/khamtheihte, taksa uangtatna tuamtuamte, milim pawi ah

laamna leh kihelnate cihte khempeuh Khristian ten ih pelh ding ahi hi, ci hi. Numei in sam hawi ding a,

pasal ten sam tom sakding ci hi. Amah pen Tertullian tawh a nuntak khanghun a kibang ahi hi.

Origen (185-254)

Alexandria khuapi pan a khangkhia mipil mahmah khat hi a, Clement nung a zuingei mi khat hi in,

Clement leh Origen te in local pawlpi ah bishop sem ngeilo uh hi. Kum 20 (AD 215) aphak pan kipan in

laigelh kipanta hi. Amah pen lai hilhsia leh laigelh minthang khat hi a, Alexandria School a minthangsak


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mahmah mi khat ahi hi. Eastern Theology tawh kisai in a bulpi in Origen a hi hi, tua ahih man in “the

father of eastern theologians” cih minphatna ngah hi. A genna ah, philosophy khempeuh pan in Christian

te ah mah sang penpen hi ci hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh na khempeuh a kicinna ahi hi, ci hi. Apu Clement

mah bangin Greek Apologists te khekhap a zomto mi khat hi a, tuate sangin thuklut zawlai hi. A laibu

gelh minthang zawdeuh te “On First Principles” (Ih Kalsuan Masak Dan ding” doctrine tawhkisai vive

hi), “Against Celcus” (thu umlo Philosophy khat a mawhsakna leh Khristian upna a gupna laibu hi),

Commentaries (Mate leh Johan sim theih ding in omlai).

Apu Clement mah bangin Laisiangtho pen gentehna tawh a kigen dan vive in akhiatna la ahih man in,

(allegorical interpretation)historians te in Clement leh Origen te pen Gnostic te ngaihsutna a gahsuahsak

te a hi uh hi, ci uh hi. Origen ngaihsutna leh Gnostic te ngaihsutna tawh akibatna tampi om a, ahizongin

Laisiangtho tawh a kituak zong tampi mah om veve hi. Origen in Upna sangin theihna/pilna (knowledge)

bulphuh masa zaw hi. Origen doctrines te tawm ensuk ni:

Doctrines of God and of Christ: Tertullian in, ‘ngaihsutna sangin upna masak zaw’ mah leh Origen in

‘upna sangin ngaihsunt (pilna) masak zaw’ hi. Tertullian mah bangin Origen in zong Pasian pen trinity hi

a, mipum te (Greek, hypostases) om uh hi, ci hi. A laibu sungah hih to thumte pen hihna bangkim ah

kibang/kikim uh hi a cihna zong om in, a tamzaw ah a gen na ah Tapa leh Khasiangtho te pen Pa

thuneihna nuai ah kinga uh (subordinated) hi ci hi. Trinity tawh kisai in nitumna lam ah Tertullian,

nisuahna gam lam ah Origen in nakpitakin mipi lungsim sungah khaici bangin a tuh mite leh a mi lungsim

a zo mahmah nihte a hi uh hi. Origen leh Tertullian trinity vai ah kibatlohna tawm om hi. Origen genna

ah, Tapa leh Khasiangtho te zong Pa mah bangin tawntung hihna kibang hi, tawntung Tapa, Tawntung

Khasiangtho ci hi. Tertullian leh Greek Apologists te hilhna ah, Pa leh Tapa mal-tuamtuak hi a, Tapa ahih

leh leitung pianma bang hun hiam khat panin hong om hi in, kipat hun a nei hi, ci hi. Origen ngaihsutna

ah, Tapa pen Pasian takpi a hih leh kipat hun cih om theilo ding hi, Tawntung Tapa ahihloh phamawh a,

Pa tawh bangkim ah a zaa kikim ding hi, ci hi. Trinity cih Tertullian laikung pan hong kipan khia a hih

hangin, hih thu tawh kisai in tulai trinity umte in Origen ngaihsutna la zaw uh a, apupi uh Tertullian

ngaihsutna pomsak khin theilo uh hi.

Ahizongin, Origen laibu sung mah ah Tapa leh Pa pumpi hihna ah a tuamtuak ahi hi, Pasian hihna ah

zong a tuam mah nei hi (the Son has a separate essence of His own), tua ahih man in a nihna Pasian (the

second God) hi a , Pa in aneihsun a Tapa ahi hi (created by the Father) tua ahih man in Pa sangin

lianzawlo (inferior to the Father), and Sangpen Pasian hilo hi (is not the Most High God), ci hi. A

lamdang khat ah, Council of Nicea debate na ah, Pa leh Tapa hihna kikim (coequal) a ci pawl om in, a

langkhat pawl in Tapa in kipat hun nei a, Pa sangin lianzawlo hi, ci in a langnih tuak un Origen laibu

siksan tuak uh hi. Origen gen bang in, cituak uh hi. A taktakin Origen in khat ah dingsuaklo cihna ahi hi.

asian Tapa neihsun (only begotten son God) cih tawh kisai in Pasian ahihna tawh a

kisai khalo hi a, ahizongin Pasian hihna ah a lak uh ciangin trinity sungah hilhcian

theihna ding lampi om nawnlo hi. Pasian Tapa cih kammal pen mihing

hongsuahna (incarnation) tawh a gennopna bek ahi hi(a terminological statement

of God’s incarnation). Tua ahih man in tawntung tapa cih bang Laisiangtho sungah khat

vei beek a kizatlohna tua hang ahi hi.

P


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Origen in a genna ah, Khazih in hihna nih nei a Pasian hihna leh mihing hihna; Pasian hihna in a mihing

hihna tuamcip a, mihing ahihna zong Pasian a suaksak hi (the divine nature is dominant and deifies the

humanity).

Mihing Thu Doctrine (anthropology): Origen ngaihsutna ah mihing khate pen ih pian ma pekpek in a

kipiangsak khin (preexistence spirits) ahi hi, tuate pen a hunzui in mihing hong suak ding naungek

khempeuh mimal khatciat sungah hong lutkik uh ahi hi, ci in ngaihsun hi(Tua bang himawk leh mihing

khempeuh pen sunglut nam ihsuak mawk ding hi). Hih munsaktak ah Gnostic upna hong lutpih ahihna

thu kician mahmah leuleu hi. Preexistence theory ah, mihingte pen a mawhsa in ih suah theihna pen a

khial vantung mite kha pen a kikholna mun khat ah om a, tua khate pen mihing suaktung naungek sungah

hong lut ahih man in a mawhsa in a kisuak ahihna tua hang hi, ci uh hi. LST tawh a kilehbulh thuhilhna

hongsuak hi. Mihing khempeuh a piangsak pen Pasian hi a, Adam hangin mawhna hong lut bek hi in,

vantung mite hangin mihing khate a khial ih hikei hi.

Gupkhiatna thu doctrine (soteriology): Khazih sihna pen a taktak mah in a si hi ci in um hi. Tua

Khazih sihna in Pasian lungkimna ding leh eite in dik kisakna ih ngahna ding a hi hi, ci hi. Khazih in

Satan khutsung pan in hong tankhia hi (a ransom paid to Satan), ci hi. Khazih tatkhiatna in vantungmite

ading zong hi a, hong tung ding khanghun ading zong ahi hi, ci hi (Evangelical sung leh Pentecostal

sungah Khazih tatkhiatna tawh kisai Origen ngaihsutna kipomlo hi).

A taktak in, Tatkhiatna sisan Satan tungah Khazih in vapia himawk leh Pasian sangin Satan

in thunei zaw a suak ding hi. Satan, akhial vangtungmite leh mihingte tungah thukhen Pasian

a hi hi. Mawhna pan in hong phelkhia/tankhia thei ding zong amah bek mah ahi hi.

Laisiangtho sungah Khazih in vantungmite zong a sisan tawh a lei hi, cihna om lo ahih man

in, Origen ngaihsutna pen trinity vai bek hilo in, tatkhiatna thu ah zong Greek philosophy

bulphuh a, Laisiangtho tawh kituaklo hi, cih ih mu hi.

Origen in, Khristiante in Jesu Khazih mihing bangin hong suak in, sihna hong thuak hi, tua a umte in

gupna ngah hi cih ciang bek ih thei hi. Tua sangin a thukzaw gupna lampi khat omlai hi, Tawntung Thu

(Logos) ih san theihna ding, tawntung pan Pasian Ngaihsutna/ngimna (Reason) pen Pasian tawh na

omkhawm den hi, tua pen mihing in hong suahma hunpek ahihi. Tua ahih man in Khristian te in Pasian

pilna leh a ngimna (God’s wisdom and reason) te pen gupkhiatna lampi ih tangko dan ding hi a, upna leh

tatkhiatna cih bek gen ding hilo hi, ci hi. Hih mun san ah zong, Gnosticism te ngaihsutna sungah

khauhtakin hong lutpih hi, cih kimu hi.

Origen in, mawhna pan kisikkikna, mawh maina dingin ki tuiphumna leh naungek tuiphum ding cihte hilh

hi. A genbehna ah, mawh nei mikhat a mawhna pan kisikkik in tui kiphum hileh a mawhna khempeuh a

kimaisakna ding lampi ahong ahi hi, ci hi. Tertullian mah bangin Pa, Tapa, Khasiangtho min tawh

tuiphumna ah phuisam hi.

Hun Nunung Thu doctrine (eschatology): Vantung leh Hell gam cih pen kha thu omzia dan hi, a taktak

a ngaihsut ding hilo a, a omzia hi ci in ngaihsut ding ahi hi, ci hi. Nitawpni taktak ciangin mi khempeuh

in gupna ngah ding hi ci in Origen in gen hi (universalism). Kum zalom 5 BC hun lai a Greek mipil

mahmah Plato philosophy dan in a gen ahi hi. Plato ngaihsutna ah mihing kha khempeuh a kisiansuah hun

khat hong tung ding hi ci hi. Hih hunciangin mawhnei, Satan, dawte cih bang omtuam nawnlo in, a vek

khempeuh in a siangtho vive hita ding hi ci in Plato in hilh hi.


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Hialbawlna

Hih The Old Catholic hun sunga, mipil hong khangkhia zawdeuhte pen doctrine leh theology te ah pupite

vive ahi uh hi. Khazih thu tawh kisai nakpitakin thuhilhzia hong kilamdang toto hi.Thuhilhna manlo

tampi hong pokhiasakte hi uh a, ahizongin, LST tawh kituak zong a gen uh tampi mah om veve hi.

Damdam in, upna guipi panin hong pialkhia hiaihiai uh ahi hi.

Hih hunsungin, Trinity upna, naungek tuiphumna, tuithehna, To thum min tawh phuisam a tuiphumna

cihte hong kipat khiat masak hunsung ahi hi. Kipancil ahih mah bangin, to thum upna a sangthei mi tawm

mahmah lai in, to thum tawh a kituiphum tawm mahmah lai hi. Thu um a tamzaw in Pasian khat bek om a

tua pen mihing bangin hong pai Jesu hi,tua min bek mah tawh ih kituiphum ciangin mawhna mai ding hi.

KST nei khempeuh kamtuam in pau kimciat uh a, KST letsongte zong a thupitna ki limgen mahmah lai

hi. Siangtho nuntakna pen thu um khempeuh gamtat ding ahihna thu hilhkim ciat uh hi.

THE ECUMENICAL CATHOLIC HUN

(AD 325-787) AD 325-787 hunsung “The Ecumenical Catholic Hun” ih cihna in a lian zawdeuh Church Council 7 te thu

ih sut nuam hi (Seven Major Church Councils). Catholic (leitung khempeuh) cih a deihna in, Khristian

khempeuh a kibang in ki om lai in, pawlpi tuamtuam cih bang in kingaihsun lo uh hi. Tulai kammal hi leh

international cih tawh a kibang ahi hi. Ahizongin kum zalom lina leh nga hunciangin Roman Catholic cih

hong piangkhia in tua pen nitumna lam pawlpi hi a, nisuahna lam leuleu ciangin Eastern Orthodox ci in,

kikhenna lianpi khat hong om hi. A tangpi in theology (doctrine) tawh kisai in khenpi ngate ih enphot

ding hi:

Doctrine Bulpi Ngate

1. Pasian tawh kisai Zawdeuh Teng (Theology)

Pasian, Khazih, Mihing omzia, gupkhiatna cih doctrine tuamtuamte debate leh kiselna tampi om a,

tuateng a lemtuahte pen “Orthodox” kici hi. Tu hun ciangin, Khristian khempeuh khenpi thum bek in

kikhen hi: Roman Catholocism, Eastern Orthodoxy, leh Prostestanism. Sacrament sytem zong hih hunpi

sungin nitumna lam leh nisuahna lam zat dan hong kilamdang ta hi. Laisiangtho tawh kisai zong hih

hunsung mah in Pasian humop teng cih khenkhiat tuamna hong nei uh hi.

2. Pawlpi thu tawh kisai (Ecclesiology)

Roman Catholicism leh Eastern Orthodoxy sungah pawlpi thuneihna, pawlpi kivaipuakna khempeuh hih

hunsungin hong kibawl hi. Hih hunsungin nitumna gam lam ah Rome khuapi sungah bishop semte leitung

gambup ah thunei pen hi ding a, a min ding in Pope hi hen cih kipsakna hong kipanta uh hi.

3. Monasticism ( )

Zi leh pasal neilo a, a nuntak sung tawntung a siangtho siampi bangin om ding cih kihilhna pen ih sin

khitsa “The Old Catholic Age” hun in kipan khinta a, ahizongin, hih bang kipiakna Sang tawh kisai

( ) pen hih hunsung pan in hong picingta hi.


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4. Milim Biakna Ngeina te Khristian sungah hong lut

Upna leh mawhna kisikkikna tawh Khazih zuan a hilo, kumpi thuneihna, gam vai (political), pan mun vai,

leh a tuamtuam hang tawh milim biakna pan in Khristian hong ki lim lut penpen hun sung ahi hi. Milim

biakna ah a kizang ngei pawi tampite Khristian biakna pawi hong suak in, Milim biakna kammal tampite

zong Khristian te zat ngeina kammal honkhat hong lut hunpi sung ahi hi.

5. Nisuahna leh Nitumna gam ki Lamdangna

Nisuahna lamte in Greek lai leh pau zang uh a, Constantinople khuapi pen Headquarter in zang uh hi.

Nitumna lamte leuelu in Latin lai leh pau zang uh a, Rome khuapi Headquarter in zang uh hi. Lasak dan,

theological omzia leh vai bangkim ah ki pumkhat theikhin zolo uh hi. Nitumna lam kumpi gam (the

Western Roman Empire) hong bei a, thuneihna khempeuh Pope khutsungah hong koih uh hi, hih thunih

hangin nisuahna lam gam (Eastern Orthodoxy) te in pompih zolo uh hi. Vaihawmna bangkim ah hong

kikhen uh a, 1054 kum ciangin hong kigawm kik pan uh hi. Hih khawk sungah the ecumenical Catholic

hun ci in, ih sin ding a, gam thu, Pasian thu, council cihte a banban in ih sin ding hi:

Constantine Kumpi leh Ama Tokhom hong luahte

Constantine: Kum zalom lina ciangin leitung omzia Khristian gam ci in hong kilamdang hi. Tua

kilamdangna bulpi pen Constantine Roman kumpi Khristian hongsuahna hang ahi hi. Constantine kumpi

Khristian hong suahna a tuamtuam in kigen mah ta leh, a tangthu bulpi kibangkim a, anuai a bang ahi hi.

October 312 kum in Rome khuapi tawh a kineh mahmah Milvian Birdge (Milvian Leipi) ah Mazentius

tawh a kidona ah a galzawhna pan ahi hi. Constantine tangthu a gelh Eusebius laibu sungah hibangin

kiciamteh hi:

Galkuan dingin kiginging ta uh a, galkuan madeuh in kumpipa in mang lamdang khat man hi. A mang

sungah, Khristian te biak Pasian ka hi hi, na galpa Maxentius na zawh na ding in ka thu bangin gamta in

ci hi. Vantung ah, Pasian galkap honpi in a tawi uh, avang tangpha mahmah Singlamteh tungah hih tawh

na gualzo ding hi ci in lai kigelh, mangman hi. Khazih ka hi hi, na gualzawhna ding lampi in hih kong

gen bangin gamta in la, singlamteh tawh gal na do ding hi, ci hi. Hih thu lamdang sa a, Kumpipa in a

tapate’ siapa (lai ahilh ding in a zat, tutor) Lactantius thupia pah a, laan (flag), galvan tungah, bang kim ah

singlamteh bekbek suaisak, gelhsak hi. A lamdangtak mah in Tiber River ah a galpa Maxentius hong zo

takpi hi. Tua hun pan kipan in, nitumna gam Constantine in hong uk a, amakpa Lininius in nisuahna

gamlam uksak hi.

Sisan tampi a luanngei mipa mawhna pan in kisikkik in Khristian suak hi cih pen kumpi tungah zat ding

kilawmlo hi ci in, Khazih gospel in kilemna hi a, kilemna sungah lut hi ci in kumpipa Khristian a suahna

tuabangin kitangko sak hi. Sawltak laibu bangin a pianthakna omlo: a mawhna kisikkiklo, tuiphumna leh

kha ngahna omlo hi. Mipite mai ah Khristian ka suak hi cih 324 kumciang dong mipi mai ah pulak ngeilo

hi. Siding in lupna a ngak petmah 337 kumciangin ki tuiphum pan hi. Historian ten a genna vuah, a

leitung nuntakna khempeuh milim biakna ah zang mah leh a sih nungciangin Khristian suakdingin hong

khensat hi, ci uh hi. Ama nunga kumpi hongsem dingte in Khristian gam a suahsak zawh hamtangna ding

un kumpipa in lampi sialkholh sak hi.


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Gualzawhna lianpi hong neihkhit amaikum January (313) kha ciangin, a makpa Licinius tawh thukimna

khat Italy gam Milan khua ah hong bawl uh hi. Kumpi thuneihna tawh Khristiante bawlsiat ding law pen

beisak ta ni in, Khristiante suahtakna piani ci in thukimna Law hong bawl uh a, tua pen “the Edict of

Milan” kici hi. AD 304 hunciang a zawdeuh in kumpi Diocletian leh Galerius hunlai in Khristian

khempeuh cikzia hetlo in a bawlsiat uh hi a, tu in Khristiante in upna, biakna vai khempeuh ah suahtakna

hong ngah uh hita hi.

Ahizongin, AD 324 kum ciangin, Constantine (western kumpi) leh a makpa Linicinius (Eastern Kumpi)

nasiatakin hong kido uh a, Constantine kumpi in hong zo in, amakpa hong hingmat hi. Hih hunpan

kipanin Constantine pen Nitumna leh Nisuahna kumpipa hongsuak hi. 325 kumciangin nisuahna lam a

uksak, amapa Licinius that hi. 326 kumciangin, Licinius’ tapa Licinianus (kum 11 phapan) leh ama tapa

upen Cruspus that leuleu hi. Hih kum mah in a zi nihna Fausta ki that a, Constantine thupiakna mah hi

ding hi ci in, ki ummawh tek hi.

Kumpipa Khristian sung taktak ah hong om ciangin, a upmawhsangin doctrine vai ah buaihuai a sak

tampi hong phawk khia hi. Tua ahih man in, Asia Minor saklam-nitumna Nicea khuapi ah 325 kum in

council sam a, a sum leh pai bei khempeuh kumpipa in vaihawm hi. Nicea Council ah thu khensat

honkhat hong nei uh hi: (1) Amasa pen hi a, a nunung pen hilo in, pawlpi up dingin ci in orthodox

trinitarianism hong kipatna ahi hi, (2) Council thuneihna tawh doctrine tuamtuamte zuih ding leh up

dingin a ki khensat masak hun a hi hi, (3) Pawlpi leh gam ki ukna a kithuah khop masak penpen council

ahi hi.

Kumpi thuneihna tawh kithuah khawm a hih mah bangin, council thukhensat pen zuih ngeingei ding hong

suak a, a zui nuamlote dot kik omlo in thahna thukhenna cih law (ngeina) hongsuak hi. Laisiangtho cih

bangbang hong hithei nawnlo in, council khensatna bangbang cih tawh pawlpi upna hong kikalsuan hita

hi.

Constantius Kumpi: Constantine the Great kumpipa hong sihciangin, a tapa thumte kumpi tokhom

luahdingin hong kithawi ciat uh a, a tawpna ah Constantius (Constantine II zong kici) hong gualzo in, a

sanggamteng hong that khin hi. Milim biakna a zui mite bawlsiatna nasiatak in kumpi thuneihna tawh

hong kipan ta a, milim pawi tuamtuam te zong beisiang sakding hong hanciamta hi.

Julian the Apostate kumpi: Constantine II hong sihciangin, a kumpi tokhom Julian in hong luahto hi.

Julian hunciangin, milim biakna nasiatakin hong kipan kik leuleu a, kumpi gam sungah milim biakna

hong khangto pha sansan leuleu hi. Ama sih khit ah, gam ki ukna leh pawlpi thu tampi hong kilamdang

hi.

Theodosius I Kumpi: Julian zom ah Theodosius in kumpi tokhom hong luah hun ciangin gamsung

khempeuh ki ukna leh pawlpi ki makaihna hong gawmkhawm in, AD 381 kum ciangin, Rome gam ukna

khempeuh Khristian gam suak pelmawh ding hi ci in tangko sak hi. Khristian a suak nuamlo khempeuh

cikzialo in thahna ding thupia a, hih hunsungin Jew mi Khristian suak nuamlo 50,000 valte zong ki that

kha hi. Ama kumpi hun pan Khristian hilo khempeuh ngeina a bei theihtheihna dingin kumpi thuneihna

tawh hong ki hanciam toto a, AD 500 kum ciangin, Roman milim biakna leh a pawi tuamtuam te uh hong

beisiangin, Greek milim vai khempeuh zong hong beisiangta hi.


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Kum zalom nga hunciangin, Western Roman Empire pen mi gilo/ngongtat pawl (barbarian) te in hong

sim gawp in, kum 410 ciangin Alaric leh a galkap te in Rome khuapi hong nuai gawp hi. Attila leh ama

galkapte in Italy gam sungteng hong sim gawp leuleu in, hih hun laitak kumpi pa in Leo I (the Great) leh

mi nihte sawlkhia a, mi gilo te a nungkikna dingin va thuum sak hi. Leo pen thugensiam leh a gamtat hoih

mahmah khat hi in, mi gilo pawlte in zahtak bawl in, Rome susia cip samlo uh hi. Western Roman empire

ah Romulus Augustulus in kumpi a sep laitak in, German mi Herul leh a galkap mang Odovacar (Odacer)

in Rome khuapi 476 kum in hong lata uh hi. Ahizongin, kumpi Augustulus pen hing mat uh a, Barbarian

kumpi dingin zangsuak uh hi. Roman Western Empire pen Barbarian khutsung ah a tun laitak in, Eastern

Empire pen hong kipsuak lai hi. Constantine in ama min tapsak in khuapi a sat Constantinople khuapi pen

Eastern Empire kumpi inn omna hi a, khanglui lai in Byzantium ci in a kisam ngei khat hi in tu in bel

Turkey te khuapi in kizang a, Istanbul cih minpuata hi. Western empire hong pukciangin, Eastern empire

pen Byzantine Empire cih min hong pua hi. Hun sawt khit ciangin Byzantine kumpi Justinian I in, Old

Roman empire khempeuh hunkhat sung ama kumpi gamsungah lakik zo hi. 529 kum ciangin, Roman

Law hongpuahpha uh a, tua pen Justinian Code kici hi. Roman kumpi ki ukna mah tampi hong zang veve

uh a, Greek ngeina leh Eastern Orthodox biaknate a bulpi in hong koih uh hi. Hih Byzantine empire pen

1453 kumciang dong hong kipto suak a, Turkey mi Ottoman Turks (Muslim) te in a tawpna ah hong lazo

uh hi.

Sang Minthang Zawdeuh leh Laigelh Siam Minthang Zawdeuhte

The Ecumenical Catholic Age hunsungin Sang minthang zawdeuh thum: Antiok School, Alexandrian

School leh the Western School pan hong khangkhia mi minthang zawdeuh tawmte ih sin ding hi:

1. The Antiok School

Syria mi Efraim: Bishop a utlo, upa sep ciang bek a ut mi khat hi a, Aramaic lai tawh commentaries,

sermons, leh la tampi a gelhkhia pa ahi hi.

John Chrysostom (345-407): Constatinople khuapi ah upa khat hi a, thugen siamlua mahmah ahih manin

“golden-mouthed” cih minphatna ngah ngei hi. Expository, exegetical sermons cihte tami gelhkhia hi.

Thu um mite citak hetlo in a khangkhiat hunsungin, mi citak mahmah leh siangtho nuntakna a nei

mahmah mi khat a hi hi.

Theodore of Mopsuestia: 429 kum ciang a dam mi khat ahi hi. Antiok Sang a minthangsak zo mipil khat

ahi hi. Theologian cih zah khop in a kisam khat hi a, Khazih Pasian a hihna leh mihing a hihna tawh kisai

a hilhcian mi khat hi in, Nestorius leh Cyril of Alexandria te debate na ah thu khensat pi khat hongsuak hi.

Theodoret (390-457): Cyrus khua ah bishop sem mi khat hi a, Theodore ngaihsutna tawh a kibang in

Khazih thu a tangko mi khat ahi hi. Church historian khat hi a, ama theology ngaihsutna tawh kisai in

Efesus council ah mawhsakna thu kikhen hi.

Nestorius: Constatinople khua ah kum 4 sung bishop sem ngei hi (428-431). Khazih pen mi pumnih a pha

hi ci in ngaihsun a hih man in, Efesus Council ah mawhsakna thukhenna kibawl a, mipite mai ah thahna

thuak hi.


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2. The Alexandrian School

Athanasius (295-373): Alexandria khuapi ah bishop sem mi khat hi a, Nicea Council debate na ah

gualzawhna a kipia mi ahi hi. Nicea council ah Athanasius a huh theologian minthang thumte

penCappadocia khuamite ahi uh hi, tuate in: Caesarea khua ah 329-379 kumsung bishop semngei Basil,

Nyssa khua ah bishop 335-394 kumsung a sem Gregory of Nyssa, lehBasil sanggampa Nazianzus khua ah

bishop tawmvei a sem ngei Gregory of Nazianzus ahi uh hi. Athanasius ban ah hih Cappadocia minpua

thumte in, trinity vai tawh kisai in tangpi pomtheih ding in thugen siam hi a, amasa in kumpipa lungsim a

zote ahi uh hi.

Cyril of Alexandria (375-444): Alexandria khua ah bishop sem ngei hi. Khazih sungah mihing hihna leh

Pasian hihna ki pumkhat hi ci in bulphuh in gen a, Nestorius tawh nakpitakin ki langpan uh hi. Cyril

ngaihsutna leh doctrine te gualzo in, kumi deihna tawh kituakzaw hi.

Eutyches: Constantinople khuapi ah pawlpi makai khat hi ngei a, phungzi sang zong a picin dongin a

hanciam mikhat ahi hi. Alexandria khuapi pan a khangkhia mite ngaihsutna zomto in, Khazih sungah

mihing hihna leh Pasian hihna ki pumkhat in om a, a mihing hihna pen Pasian hong suak hi ci hi. A

tawpna ah hihna khat bek nei hi (monophysitism) ci ahih man in, ama ngaihsutna AD 448 kum in

mawhsakna thu kikhen hi.

3. The Western School

Hilary: Poitiers ah bishop 315 pan 367 ciang sem ngei a, trinity upna a khauhlet mahmah mi khat ahi hi.

Ambrose: Milan khua ah bishop kum tampi sung a sem mi khat hi a, kumpite thudot mi khat a hi hi.

Trinity tawh kisai debate nate ah zong Abrose ngaihsutnate in kumpite lungsim lawngkha mahmah hi.

Bishop sep ding pen ut masa hetlo hi mah leh kumpi leh thuneite a zahtakna tawh bishop hong sem hi.

Bishop dingin a ki apzawh a nigiat ni in ki tuiphum pan hi. Ama ngaihsutna a pom theilo tul tampite

Thesalonica khua ah that a, kumpi Theodosius panpihna tawh kumpi nasem tampi zong a thahte sungah

kihel hi. Kumpipa maipha a ngah bishopte in thuneihna lian pipi nei a, kumpi nasem nautang pawlkhat

sangin thunei zaw uh hi.

Jerome (340-420): mipil mahmah khat ahih ban ah, siangtho nuntakna a bulphuh mahmah mi khat ahi hi.

A nasepte sungpanin Original Laisiangtho bu pan in Latin lai in aletkhiat pen, a thupi mahmah khat in

kiciamteh a. “Latin Vulgate” kiciliang in, AD 405 kumpawl in, a zawh ahi hi. Kum tul khat val bang

Western Bible cih min kivawh liangin, RC te in Pasian humop zah khop dingin a ngaihsut khat uh ahi hi.

Augustine (35-430): North Africa gam Hippo khua ah bishop sem mi khat ahi hi. Mi masate sungah

theologian taktak in akiciamteh mi khat ahi hi. A khangno lai in Manicheism (tonih, namnih biakna umte)

pawlpi pan in akhangkhia khat hi a, tua pan in Neo-Platonism (Revive Greek philosophy) pawl ah lut in,

tua pan in 386 kum in Khristian hong suak a, 387 kum in Ambrose in tuiphum hi. Greek mipil mahmah

Plato philosophy bulphuh in hong khangto mi khat hi a, systematic theology (doctrine tuamtuamte

suikhawm/zunhawm) hong gelh masa penpen mi khat ahi hi.

Tertullian pen Latin pau leh lai a zang mi khempeuh sungpanin theologian masa penpen in a kiciamteh

khat hi a, ahizongin Augustine pen “the Father of Western theology” ci in min hoih mahmah tawh

pahtawina ngah hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh ama theology omzia pen, vangnei in, zong mui bun kisa ciat


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hi. Roman Catholic te in Augustine doctrine pan in pawlpi, sacraments cihte bulphuh in la uh a, Protestant

Reformers sungpanin, Luther and Calvin te in Augustine ngaihsutna sungpanin mawhna thu, hehpihna thu

leh misiangte ciaptehsa cih tawh kisaite bul let mahmah uh hi.

Leo I: Kum 21 sung (440-461) Rome khua ah bishop sem hi. Rome khuapi ah bishop khempeuh sungpan

in pope bangin thunei masa penpen hi a, kumpi thuneihna tawh pope cih min a ngah masa penpen ahi hi.

Khazih thu tawh kisai in buaina tuamtuamte Leo in vengsiangsak hi.

Laigelh Siam Minthang Zawdeuhte

Eusebius of Caesarea (265-340): pawlpi tangthu tawh kisai in a kicing mahmah in a gelhkhia masa

penpen hi a, “the father of the church history of Christianity” cih minphatna a ngah mikhat ahi hi.

Constantine kumpipa in a paaktat mahmah mi khat hi a, kumpipa nuntakna “the life of Constantine” cih

laibu zong kumpipa phalna ngiat tawh gelh ngei hi.

Boethius (480-525): Roman mi khat hi a, gupkhiatna thu tawh kisai in Khristian leh philosophy a

mehkhawm mi khat ahi hi, tua pen Neo-Platonism, ki ci hi. Middle Ages (500-1000 kum sung) hunsungin

ama laibu gelhziate pen philosophy omzia ah kizahtak sak mahmah a, zong mipi lungsim zo mahmah hi.

Benedict (480-549): Phungzi sang khat Monte Cassino khua ah a phuankhia pa hi a, phungzite omzia

ding, thupha piakdan ding cihte tawh kisai khempeuh Western gam lam ah ama bawlsak a suak ahi hi.

Gregory I: Kumpi leh Pawlpi thuneihna (ukna) a thuah khawm masa penpen Pope a hi hi. Leo I pen pope

hi hen ci in, kumpi in a theihpih masak penpen hi a, Pope din mun taktak pawlpi vai leh gamvai tavuan

hong la masa penpen ahih leh Gregory ahihi. Ama pianma, sawltakte thuhilhna a zomto hi cih ding

sangin, Gregory hun pan kipan in kum 500 sungbang ama deihna kizui toto hi cih ding thu tampi om hi.

Maximus the Confessor (580-662): phungzi khat hi in, Khazih in ngaihsutna nam nih (two wills) nei hi ci

in, Constantinople council 680 kum in a gualzo ngei mi khat ahi hi. Amah pen mipil khat hi a, “the father

of Byzantine theology” cih minphatna zong ngahngei hi. Ahizongin, ama ngaihsutna pen hoihkhin kisa lo

ahih man in, a thuhilhna hangin pope thuneihna tawh bawlsiat ding in kizongzong, galtai bukawikawi in,a

tawpna ah a mat uh ciangin, a lei leh a khut taklam ki at khiatsak hi.

John of Damuscus (675-754): Nitumna lam ah Augustine a minthang mah bangin nisuahna gam lam ah

theology tampi a puahpha Damuscus khuami John ahi hi. Eastern theology khempeuh hi dimdiam

(Systematically) in a puahpha pa ahi hi.

Laigelh minthang leh mi minthang zong honkhat om lai hi, ahizongin tuate ih khawlsan phot ding hi. Tu

in “The Seven Ecumenical Councils” cih thu tawm ih sin beh nuam hi:

The Seven Ecumenical Councils

Ecumenical cih kammal adeihna in Western leh Eastern te kigawm khawm in aneih uh council hi a,

kumpi makaihna tawh a kibawl council takpi hi ci in, a kithupit ngaihsut phatdiak te ahi hi. Hih council

sagih te pen kumpite theihna leh makaihna tawh a kibawl hi a, a vek in nisuahna gam lam (Eastern

empire) ah kibawl council te ahi hi. Council palaite pen, nisuahna gam Greek pawlpi leh kampau a

tamzaw kihelna hi a, ahizongin, nitumna gam pan a kihel sunsunte pen mipil taktak leh thu gensiam

taktakte hi a, thubunzaw uh hi.


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1. Nicea Council I (325): Hih council pen Constantine kumpi Khristian hong suak ciangin, a galzak

sangin a buaihuai tuamtuam doctrine hong theih ciangin, council kumpi thuneihna tawh a

sapngiat ahi hi. Hih council thukhetsatna No. 10 na ah naungek tuitheh ding (infant baptism and

sprinkling) hong khensat uh hi. Necene council thukhensatna No. 18 na ah, Pasian khat sungah

lutang nei thum Pa Pasian, Tapa Pasian leh Khasiangtho Pasian kigawm Pasian khat “Trinity”

pen Khristian khempeuh up ding ahi hi, cih hong khensat uh hi. A taktak in, Khasiangtho Pasian

cih tawh kisai in Nicea Council ah ki tam kup manlo uh a, Constantinople council ah hong

zosiang pan uh hi. Arius ngaihsutna ah Khazih pen Pasian hihna 100% hilo hi cih mawhsakna thu

hong khen uh a, debate na ah Athanasius hong gualzo hi. Mailam ah sinbeh lai ding hi hang.

2. Council of Constantinople I (381): Kumpii Theodosius I thuneihna tawh council kisam ahi hi.

Apollinarianism pawlte mawhsakna thu kikhen hi. Amau ngaihsutna ah, Khazih pen mihing

taktak hilo hi ci uh hi. Nicence council a Arius ngaihsutna tawh ki lehbulh hi. Hih council leuleu

ciangin, Khasiangtho pen a lutang tuam ngiat hi a, Pasian mah a hi hi cih hong khensat ta uh hi.

Justin, Tertullian, Origen te gen hong lawhcing hita a, hih council panin trinity upna hong

kipsuakta hi. Nicea ah a thu omzia pen a huampi (primary) trinity upna hong kipsak uh a,

Constantinople council ah trinity vai hong zosiangta uh hi. Hih 381 kum pan kipanin Khristian te

up leh zuih ding trinity hi cih khauhtakin kumpi thuneihna tawh hong kipsak uh hi. Tuni dong in,

trinity upna pen church council thukhensatna bangin a kip upna ahi hi.

Ahizongin, trinity upna Khristian sungah hong lutpih masa Justin, Tertullian, Origen te ngaihsutna leh hih

council thukhensatna te kibangkimlo hi. Hih council pan in, Pa Pasian, Tapa Pasian leh Khasiangtho

Pasian, lutang thum kigawm Pasian khat hi a, Pa pen Tapa hilo in, Tapa pen Pa hilo hi, Khasiangtho zong

tua mah bang hi. Pasian hihna khempeuh kibangkim (coequal) uh hi, avek un tawntung hikhin (coeternal),

pumtuam tek ahi uh hi. Hih upna pen Nicence Council ah debate thugen Athanasius vs Arius hi a,

Athanasius lam ah Cappadocian theologian thumte in zong nasiatakin panpih a, Kumpipa sawltak

Ambrose in zong nasiatakin pan pih hi. Kumpi lamte ngaihsutna tawh kituakzaw ahih man in, vote piakna

ah kumpi mite in zozaw uh hi. Arius ngaihsutna zong mankhinlo hi, bang hang hiam cih leh Khazih pen

Pasian taktak ahikei, a kituiphum khitciangin Pasian hihna 100% ahi pan hi ci in ngaihsun hi. Pa leh Tapa

kikal pen Nicea council ah khensatna a kineih hangin, Khristian gam sungah buaina hong sosang zaw hi.

Mailam ah a ban zom ni.

3. Council of Efesus (431): Theodsius tapa in kumpi a sep hunsung hi a, hih kumpi min pen

Theodosius II ci in, kitheizaw hi. Kumpi thuneihna tawh hih council a kisam hi a, Cyril of

Alexandria gualzawhna mun a hihi. Hih council ah Nestorius ngaihsutna in mawhsakna thuak hi.

Nestorius ngaihsutna ah, Khazih in hihna namnih nei bek hilo in, pum nih phazelzel hi, ci hi (two

natures and two persons).

4. Council of Chalcedon (451): Hih khua pen Constantinople khuapi tawh a kineh mahmah khua

khat ahi hi. Hih council ah Pope Leo I gualzawhna mun hi a, Nestorius leh Eutyches te nakpitakin

mawhsakna thukhenna mun ahi hi. Hih council hun in Eastern kumpi pen Marcian ahi hi, ama

thuneihna tawh council a kisam ahi hi.

5. Council of Constantinople II (553): Hih council ah mipi a kaikhawm kumpi pen Justinian ahi

hi. Hih council ah Khazih in hihna nam khat bek (one nature of Christ, monophysitism) nei hi cih

mawhsakna thu kikhen hi.


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6. Council of Constantinople III (680): kumpi sem Constantine Progonatus thuneihna tawh

council a kisam hi a, Khazih in ngaihsutna (will) nam khat bek nei hi cih mawhsakna hong nei uh

hi (monotheletism).

7. Council of Nicea II (787): Kumpinu Irene makaihna tawh hih council a kibawl ahi hi. Hih

council ah milim tuamtuamte biakding hong khensat uh hi (gtn, Mary lim, Peter lim, Jesu). Biak

dingin ih khensatna pen pahtawina (honor) hi a, lungsim khempeuh piakna (devotion) ding hilo

hi, ci uh hi.

Hialbawlna

The Ecumenical Catholic hunsung leh ih sinsa thute tawh tampi a kilamdang khat om hi. Tua pen, thu

khensat khempeuh kumpi thuneihna tawh kikop ahih man in, a kikhensat doctrine khempeuh pen

Khristian te up ding, zuih ding cih ahi hi. A zui nuamlote in thahna thuak in, a khensat thu khat peuhpeuh

uh Khristiante zat dign ngeina hong suak hi. LST tawh a kituak leh a kip, a kituak kei leh zong a kip

pawlpi ngeina hongsuak hi. AD 100 pan 325 hun ciangciang pen lai tawh nasepna leh thuhilhnate

damdam in hong sunglutna hi a, AD 325 pan in khensatna vive hong hita hi. Doctrine thak tampi hong

kipsak uh a (trinity doctrine kikipsak, naupang tuiphum kipsak, tuitheh hong kipsak, LST zatzia ding

hong kipsak, siampi omzia { / } hong kipsak, Mary, Jesu, Piter leh milim

(image) tuamtuam biakding hong kipsak, pope hihna hong kipsak), hih a kikipsak doctrine khempeuh

kumpi thuneihna tawh ahih manin Khristian te ngeina ding hong suak hi.

A tunga doctrine khensatna te a doctrine zui in, tawm sinbehna ih neilai ding hi. AD 100 kim pan in ih

panpha kik ding a, hih tungtawn in sawltakpite hong beikhit hun panin bangci bangin upna bulpite hong

kilamdang hiam cih hong telcian sak ding hi.

INNLAI BAWLNA KHAWK

1. Trinity tawh kisai upna hong genkhia masate muhna leh gennate gelhpha kik in (Justin,

Tertullian, Irenaeaus).

2. Bang hangin sawltakte upna pan in kipia khia hiam cih na muhzia laimai 2 dim gelh in.

3. Sawltakte upna tawh a kituak thuhilhna kizom paisuakte kaikhawm inla gelh in.

Documents

ZBCC PAWLPI TANGTHU PAN DOCTRINE BULPI PART I · PDF fileZBCC PAWLPI TANGTHU PAN DOCTRINE BULPI PART I AD 100-787 2013 1 ... Tua laibu sung veve ah mawhmaisakna pen misiangte thuneihna