ZigBee-based Home Control and Maintenance System using Mobile through GPRS

R. Angeline, M. Jaffer, S. Jayakumar, M.G PraveenChennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract- Nowadays, more and more smart electronics are playing a central role in daily lives, it deserves an even smarter role at home. Making it possible for virtually any appliance or device in one's home to intelligently communicate with another—from locks to lights, doors to drapes—and the owner of the house will be able to control them, no matter where the person is. ZigBee Home Control and Maintenance is the global standard for the control of appliances, lighting, environment, energy management, safety, and security. ZigBee is a home-area network designed specifically to replace the proliferation of individual remote controls. ZigBee was created to satisfy the market's need for a cost-effective, standards-based wireless network that supports low data rates, low power consumption, security, and reliability. In this project ZigBee technology is used which is a combination of self-organizing dynamic routing mesh topology. It can solve the problem (change in position of the network module terminal) very well, thus ensuring reliable data transmission, and therefore it is very suitable for the development and utilization of home. The above project is being used now days hence it has been implemented using mobile in this project, where it is easy to access the process through mobile. As the above system (ZigBee based intelligent home bus Ethernet transmission software design) is controlled. Here we can control all the electronic devices through mobile from anywhere using GPRS communication.

Keywords- zigbee, GPRS communication, dynamic routing mesh topology.

I. INTRODUCTION

Wireless sensor network can be defined as a network of sensors nodes that covers a wide area and provides environmental information about the monitored area through wireless communication protocols. It can be applied in many fields including healthcare, environmental monitoring home automation and the military. Wireless sensors have significant potential to allow for more cost-effective and efficient installation. Building automation and control systems (BACs) are characterized by a large number of sensors and controlled objects distributed in three dimensional spaces. Home automatic system will not only enable the residents to integrate or distribute controlled homely interior equipments via web or telephone, but also realize anti theft, anti-gas leak, fire and other functions, which is the future direction of intelligent home. ZigBee based home automation design is so

good that we can expand and upgrade it. We can achieve the home automation control, and the sharing of resources can be done to meet the needs of different users at present and in the future. ZigBee technology is a very reliable wireless data transmission network, from the standard communication distance of 75 meters to infinite expansion. ZigBee is the most effective and efficient wireless communication medium [1]. ZigBee technology uses Netcom letter in self-organizing way, every data transmit between ZigBee networks can be communicated by each other, so people in any room can control the other room’s device and display. In data communications, ZigBee Network Self- organization approach where each ZigBee module terminal is as long as each other in the network communications module, they find each other automatically, quickly, they can develop into a interoperability of ZigBee networks, if the relative position of the network module terminal has changed modules can search through the re-targeted communications to determine the contact of each other, then refresh the existing network. So that as the ZigBee technology is a combination of self-organization dynamic routing mesh topology, even if the path is interrupted, or too busy to make timely delivery, it can solve this problem very well thus ensuring reliable data transmission, and therefore it is very suitable for the development and utilization of home.

II. OVER ALL ARCHITECTURE OF THE SYSTEM

Fig. 1, shows the overall architecture of the system. The Fig. 1 shows the Interface design of Centralized Zigbee and the Electronic Device in Home Controlling System. Each room should have a Slave ZigBee, Sensor and Surveillance camera. By this each room is scrutinized using Zigbee. The Slave ZigBee’s are centralized in a common place and they should be controlled by the master ZigBee. Master ZigBee interface with the server through Ethernet. The communication between the mobile and the server are done through the GPRS Communication. The Mobile is enabled using the J2ME application [6]. The Fig. 1, shows that the user can also monitor the sewage tank, water tank etc. using this system. Automatic door locking system is also implemented in this Home Controlling System. shows the Circuit design of centralized ZigBee.

Fig. 1. Over all architecture of Home Controlling System.

III. CIRCUIT DESIGN OF CENTRALIZED ZIGBEE’S

Fig. 2, The centralized circuit is designed by Mesh topology. ZigBee is a self-organizing dynamic mesh network. Each ZigBee network nodes not only can serve as a monitoring object, can be connected directly to the sensor for data collection and monitoring, can also automatically transfer from other network nodes data. In addition, each ZigBee network nodes can also signal coverage in their scope and number of network information does not undertake the task of isolating transit sub node wireless connectivity. And routing in the network since the underlying ZigBee uses DSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum) technology, using the non-standard mode of information the network can be expanded even wider without having synchronization, and the node joins the network and the process of re-joining the network soon the general can be done within 1s [9]. In the routing aspects of this can support the high reliability of network routing, so it can be arranged as a wide range of networks, and supports multicast and broadcast properties, its able to bring a wealth of application support.

IV. TOPOLOGIES SUPPORTED BY ZIGBEE

The architecture and floor plan of the building will often dictate how a wireless sensor network is deployed. ZigBee networks can be set up in both star and mesh topologies, but it is expected that the mesh configuration will be used in many commercial buildings to account for the varying floor plans

Fig. 2. Design of Centralized ZigBee in Mesh Network.

[4]. In such a configuration, it is desired that each node formredundant paths for data routing. If the sensor density is not sufficient an alternative way to accomplish this node density to use low-cost repeaters whose only function is to fill in the mesh and provide more connections for the network. The network is self forming and self healing and provides the maximum flexibility for route selection. The topologies which are supported by ZigBee are show in the Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. Topologies supported by ZigBee.

V. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

The host is as the network server, is mainly responsible for the coordination of the entire system, setting up the whole network allocating the addresses, adding and deleting nodes, maintains the node equipment data and data transfer tables, not to cause confusion communications. In this system the specific function of program on the ZigBee server host is to receive data form slave machine and transmit data to each slave machine. The host sets up the network firstly and then communicates with the slave machines located in various rooms via ZigBee modules [8]. The inquire commands are sent by host to awake all network terminal node request for connecting to the network or don’t work properly, the server host can discover this change, and modify the address table to update the network. The Fig. 4, shows the complete process of the home controlling system. Initially the user should initialize the server to the centralized network and check the status of the room. If there is any change in the room temperature the server sends an alert message to the user mobile through GPRS network. After receiving the alert message the user check the control status and control the switch. The surveillance camera’s has been initialized during this process.

Fig. 4. Data Flow Diagram for Home Controlling System.

VI. MASTER MACHINE

Fig. 5 shows the flow chart for master machine. The master machine is responsible for the coordination of the entire system, setting up the centralized zigbee network, getting the input command, maintaining the node equipment data and data transfer tables, not to cause confusion in communications. In this system the specific function of program on the Centralized ZigBee network is to acquire the input command and complete the corresponding operation (such as automatic door lock and instance control), and send data to the host server [11]. The master sets up the network and then communicates with the slave machines located in various rooms via ZigBee modules. There is a camera scrutiny present to have a close watch at the room’s prominences. As the ZigBee is a self-organizing network technology, when some or other slave terminal node request for connecting to the network or don’t work properly, the master can discover this change, and modify the address table to update the network.

VII. SLAVE MACHINE

The slave machine has the following functions: update the prominence, check the room’s prominence and provide camera scrutiny. When slave machine power up, firstly it finishes the server initiation, then the machine searches the

Fig. 5. Flow Chart for Master Machine

network and requests for connecting to the network, after that the master machine transmit the answer signal, only then the slave machine receives the answer signal, it can add to the network [15]. In this system the specific function of program on the Centralized ZigBee network is to check the room’s prominence and reestablish from the deviant state. The slave machine’s (control switch) main function is to receive the data from the master, scan the input command and complete the corresponding operation (such as control the switch, monitoring and controlling), and send data to the master machine. Fig. 6, shows the program flow chart for slave machine.

VIII. ZIGBEE APPLICATION LAYER

The application layer is the highest-level layer defined by the specification, and is the effective interface of the ZigBee system to its end users. It comprises the majority of components added by the ZigBee specification: both ZDO and its management procedures, together with application objects defined by the manufacturer, are considered part of this layer [7].

Fig. 6. Flow Chart for Slave Machine

IX. GPRS INTRODUCTION

General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication systems global system for mobile communications (GSM). The service is available to users in over 200 countries worldwide. GPRS was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in response to the earlier CDPD and i-mode packet switched cellular technologies. It is a best-effort service, as opposed to circuit switching, where a certain quality of service (QoS) is guaranteed during the connection. In 2G systems, GPRS provides data rates of 56-114 kbit/second. 2G cellular technology combined with GPRS is sometimes described as 2.5G, that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony [4]. It provides moderate-speed data transfer, by using unused time division multiple access (TDMA) channels in, for example, the GSM system. GPRS is integrated into GSM Release 97 and newer releases.

GPRS usage charging is based on volume of data, either as part of a bundle or on a pay as you use basis. An example of a bundle is up to 5Gb per month for a fixed fee. Usage above the bundle cap is either charged for per megabyte or disallowed. The pay as you use charging is typically per megabyte of traffic. This contrasts with circuit switching data, which is typically billed per minute of connection time, regardless of whether or not the user transfers data during that period.

X. J2ME INTRODUCTION

Java Platform, Micro Edition, or Java ME, is a Java platform designed for mobile devices and embedded systems. Target devices range from industrial controls to mobile phones (especially feature phones) and set-top boxes. Java ME was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) [14]. Java ME was designed by Sun Microsystems, now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation; the platform replaced a similar technology, Personal Java. Originally developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 68, the different flavors of Java ME have evolved in separate JSRs. Sun provides a reference implementation of the specification, but has tended not to provide free binary implementations of its Java ME runtime environment for mobile devices, rather relying on third parties to provide their own. Java ME devices implement a profile. The most common of these are the Mobile Information Device Profile aimed at mobile devices, such as cell phones, and the Personal Profile aimed at consumer products and embedded devices like set-top boxes and PDAs.

XI. ZIGBEE AND OTHER WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

ZigBee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in the USA and Australia, and 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs such as Bluetooth. ZigBee chip vendors typically sell integrated radios and microcontrollers with between 60K and 256K flash memory, such as the JennicJN5148, the Freescale MC13213, the Ember EM250, the Texas Instruments CC2530 and CC2520, the Samsung Electro-Mechanics ZBS240 and the Atmel ATmega128RFA1. Radios are also available as stand-alone components to be used with any processor or microcontroller. Generally, the chip vendors also offer the ZigBee software stack, although independent ones are also available. Because ZigBee can activate (go from sleep to active mode) in 15 msec or less, the latency can be very low and devices can be very responsive — particularly compared to Bluetooth wake-up delays, which are typically around three seconds. [2] Because ZigBees can sleep most of the time, average power consumption can be very low, resulting in long battery life.

XII. CONCLUSION

ZigBee and GPRS provide an ideal solution in harsh, dangerous, and difficult environments where devices are widely distributed. This system promise to make home control and maintenance as common as traditional computer networks. In science and technology, due to computer control technology and communication relay, transmission distance will be farther away. Because ZigBee faster response, the general electronic information communication technology growth, also contributed to the birth of the intelligent home, so. Smart Home is the inevitable result of infiltration of the development of the IT (Information Technology) technology (especially computer technology), network traditional home electrical appliance industry. In a mesh network, nodes are interconnected with other nodes so that multiple pathways connect each node. Connections between nodes are dynamically updated and optimized through sophisticated, built-in mesh routing table. Mesh networks are decentralized in nature; each node is capable of self-discovery on the network. Also, as nodes leave the network, the mesh topology allows the nodes to reconfigure routing paths based on the new network structure. The characteristics of mesh topology and ad-hoc routing provide greater stability in changing conditions or failure at single nodes.

REFERENCES

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